python文件操作

#文本文件读写
#文件写w:
import os
with open("1.txt","w") as f:    #文件名可写相对路径，也可写绝对路径;在当前文件下创建了1.txt
    f.write("胜多负少")
    f.write("12365")        ##python写文件时默认按自身的操作系统编码，中文———GBK  英文————utf-8
    f.write("fsfsdf")
with open("2.txt","w",encoding="utf-8") as f:   #编码：以ANSI格式编码(默认)
    f.write("胜多负少\n")
    f.write("12365\n")
    f.write("fsfsdf\n")
#文件读r:
with open("2.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    txt=f.read(2)   #一次读2个字符,默认全读
    print(txt)
    t2=f.read() #会接着上面读过的位置开始往下读
    print(t2)
with open("2.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    t3=f.readlines()    #readlines()按行读取,读取完以列表的形式显示
    print(t3)
with open("2.txt","r",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    t4=f.readline()    #readline()按行读取,一次读取一行
    print(t4)
#文件追加a:
with open("2.txt","a",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    f.write("胜多负少\n")
    f.write("12365\n")
    f.write("fsfsdf\n")

with open("2.txt",encoding="utf-8") as f:
    while True:     #循环遍历出文件内容,一次读取一行
        txt=f.readline()
        if txt:    #读取的文件不为空继续打印,当读取的内容为空时(即为假),跳出循环
            print(txt)
        else:
            break

#二进制文件操作
print("1.读写二进制文件")  
"""
with open("1.jpg",‘rb‘) as f:   #读取图片
    t=f.read(3) #分析图片的二进制格式(用二进制工具打开),可以看到,jpg图片的标识头为:ffd8ff
    if t==b‘\xff\xd8\xff‘:
        print("这是一个图片")
    print(t,type(t))
with open("1.jpg",‘rb‘) as f:
    t=f.read()
with open("2.jpg","wb") as f:
    f.write(t)
"""
#视频拷贝(边读边写)
with open("1.mp4","rb") as f:
    with open("2.mp4","ab") as f2:
        while True:
            txt=f.read(1024)
            if txt:
                f2.write(txt)
            else:
                print("文件拷贝完毕!")
                break
    

#python 文件与目录操作
import os,shutil
print("查看当前目录:")
print(os.getcwd())
print("切换目录:")
os.chdir("F:\\pythonstudy")
print(os.getcwd())
print("显示当前目录下的内容:")
print(os.listdir())     #显示当面目录下的所有文件,以列表的形式显示
print(os.listdir("F:\\pythonstudy\\lesson7"))   #显示指定目录下的内容
print("判断是目录还是文件:") #返回True或者False
print(os.path.isdir("lesson7"))
print(os.path.isfile("lesson7\\1.txt"))
print(os.path.isdir("lesson7\\1.txt"))
#新建目录mkdir/makedirs:
print("创建目录mkdir/makedirs:")
#os.mkdir("999")    #mkdir创建单个目录
#os.makedirs("888/666/22")    #makedirs创建多级目录
#删除目录
#os.rmdir("999") #rmdir只能删除空目录
#shutil.rmtree("888")   #rmtree可以删除非空目录
#删除文件
#os.remove("ss.txt")
#移动文件
#shutil.move("dd.txt","F:\\pythonstudy\\lesson7")
#shutil.move("1.jpg","2.jpg")  #改名
#复制文件
print(os.chdir("F:\\pythonstudy\\lesson7"))
shutil.copy("dd.txt","ff.txt")
shutil.copy2("dd.txt","mm.txt")
#组合路径
path="F:\\pythonstudy\\lesson7"
f="1.jpg"
print(os.path.join(path,f))
#拆分路径
#以文件目录拆分(默认以最后一个"\\"分隔)
print(os.path.split("F:\\pythonstudy\\lesson7\\1.jpg"))
#以盘符进行拆分
print(os.path.splitdrive("F:\\pythonstudy\\lesson7\\1.jpg"))

import random 
import pickle
"""
#使用pickle模块将数据对象保存到文件
import  pickle
data1={‘a‘:[1,2.0,3,4],
        ‘b‘:(‘string‘,u‘sdfsf‘),
        ‘c‘:None} 
with open("data.pkl",‘wb‘) as f:
    pickle.dump(data1,f)
#获取保存文件的内容
with open("data.pkl",‘rb‘) as f:
    b=pickle.load(f)
    print(b)
"""
"""    
print("1.pickle模块")
try:
    with open("cjb","rb") as f:
        cjb=pickle.load(f)
        print("结果已加载")
except FileNotFoundError:
    cjb=[]
for i in range(5):
    name=input("name:")
    cj=random.randint(50,100)
    cjb.append([name,cj])
print(cjb)
with open("cjb","wb") as f:
    pickle.dump(cjb,f)
    print("结果已保存")
"""

import shelve
import datetime
"""
#数据存储(数据持久化)
info = {‘name‘: ‘bigberg‘, ‘age‘: 22}
name = [‘Apoll‘, ‘Zous‘, ‘Luna‘]
t=datetime.datetime.now()
with shelve.open(‘shelve.txt‘) as f:
    f[‘name‘]=name  #持久化列表
    f[‘info‘]=info   #持久化字典
    f[‘time‘]=t     #持久化时间类型
"""
#数据读取(get获取数据)
with shelve.open("shelve.txt") as f:
    n=f.get(‘name‘)
    i=f.get(‘info‘)
    now=f.get(‘time‘)
print(n)
print(i)
print(now)
"""

import json
str1="安抚家属的快感的降幅高达"
str2="123"
str3=1.23
str4=[1,2,3]
str5=(3,6,8)
str6={"x":1,"y":2}
str7={1:"a",2:"b"}
"""
with open("123.txt","w") as f:
    json.dump(str1,f)   #汉字存储是以unicode编码存储
  
with open("123.txt") as f:
    print(json.load(f))
"""  
"""
with open("123.txt","w") as f:
    json.dump(str2,f)  
 
with open("123.txt") as f:
    print(json.load(f))
"""


with open("123.txt","w") as f:
    json.dump(str3,f)   

with open("123.txt") as f:
    print(json.load(f))
"""  

"""
with open("123.txt","w") as f:
json.dump(str5,f) #元组被序列化会被转成列表,然后存储

with open("123.txt") as f:
print(json.load(f)) #元组反序列化的结果是列表
"""