标签:postman private 规范 print let apache other list env
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Python接口测试实战1(上)- 接口测试理论
Python接口测试实战1(下)- 接口测试工具的使用
Python接口测试实战2 - 使用Python发送请求
Python接口测试实战3(上)- Python操作数据库
Python接口测试实战3(下)- unittest测试框架
Python接口测试实战4(上) - 接口测试框架实战
Python接口测试实战4(下) - 框架完善:用例基类,用例标签,重新运行上次失败用例
Python接口测试实战5(上) - Git及Jenkins持续集成
Python接口测试实战5(下) - RESTful、Web Service及Mock Server
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参考链接: https://blog.csdn.net/lch2848508/article/details/72729658
REST:表述性状态转移或表现层状态转移,“表现”及每个接口地址(URI)都表现为(视为)一个资源对象(文本资源、图片资源、服务资源),状态转移指通过POST/PUT方法发送完整的新状态信息来更改资源对象的状态
如某https://api.***.com/user资源状态为{"name": "Kaka", "age": 30}
,我们通过POST/PUT请求发送新状态{"name": "Kaka", "age": 18}
来更新对象信息,完成状态转移
URI 与URL的区别:URL值包含协议的链接,如
https://www.baidu.com
, 还有一种相对链接叫URN,如/doc/1.html
,这两种都能唯一定位一个资源,URI(统一资源定位符)包含URL和URN
RESTful API是一种接口设计风格或规范,主要有以下特点:
https://api.example.com/
https://api.example.com/v1/
https://api.example.com/v1/zoos
https://api.example.com/v1/zoos?limit=10 # 获取前10个
示例:
https://api.github.com
授权 Basic Auth (superhin001, ***) 或 Oauth 2.0 Access Token: 1c4f679300f29ee4e7041028d49e504b9da145b1
GET https://api.github.com/user 获取用户信息
POST/PATCH https://api.github.com/user 修改用户信息
POST/PATCH 数据
{
"login": "superhin001",
"id": 21163682,
"node_id": "MDQ6VXNlcjIxMTYzNjgy",
"avatar_url": "https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/21163682?v=4",
"gravatar_id": "",
"url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001",
"html_url": "https://github.com/superhin001",
"followers_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/followers",
"following_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/following{/other_user}",
"gists_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/gists{/gist_id}",
"starred_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/starred{/owner}{/repo}",
"subscriptions_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/subscriptions",
"organizations_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/orgs",
"repos_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/repos",
"events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/events{/privacy}",
"received_events_url": "https://api.github.com/users/superhin001/received_events",
"type": "User",
"site_admin": false,
"name": "我是韩老师",
"company": null,
"blog": "",
"location": null,
"email": "superhin@126.com",
"hireable": null,
"bio": null,
"public_repos": 3,
"public_gists": 0,
"followers": 0,
"following": 0,
"created_at": "2016-08-22T01:12:32Z",
"updated_at": "2018-09-14T02:33:43Z",
"private_gists": 0,
"total_private_repos": 0,
"owned_private_repos": 0,
"disk_usage": 45430,
"collaborators": 0,
"two_factor_authentication": false,
"plan": {
"name": "free",
"space": 976562499,
"collaborators": 0,
"private_repos": 0
}
}
GET https://api.github.com/user/keys 获取用户所有SSH-Key信息
POST https://api.github.com/user/keys 新建Key
POST 数据
{
"id": 30742411,
"key": "ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yc2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDfsTJs7mNWstJ+tO6O1jQHKdDdnldqlqkO0gAune9EH7oqICD1hP7c1duNZwvNnvyGa7SyqamIpNXmSYv303FEVAXzPsb9MzCChG16gzevQtbIX4Qt7vFOsHNSCikSCD/s6DMa0Koryiu7Yju5mW9UUnjVM+a1P80SOiK7p2UBQPFVKRrUtr0htV3U6a2rdP51Vzm2UCjChTUa4q7L3m4C7oB9aSvUsNTk+PmuJlAer4oOd7FsNPqD1Or3lRKAmgxbTX4xTaOkwibK0t2eYkh/VTUPMQ9wDwpa4hZLiEq9qSew3McCwsl70k4H0H4F/VwV2sSCXqZu274YmNDT5Hl3 hanzhichao@hanzhichao01",
"title": "test3",
"verified": true,
"created_at": "2018-09-14T09:54:51Z",
"read_only": false
}
Web Service 是一种跨平台(Java对象,Python也可以调用)RPC(远程方法调用)解决方案。
基于SOAP协议,使用XML这种跨平台语言传输对远程方法的调用信息及返回结果,并提供WSDL接口描述服务
SOAP协议基于XML语言, SOAP消息体首先必须有个信封(Enelope),信封中可以有信息头(Header)和信息体(Body),其中Body中还可以包含错误信息(Fault)
基本格式如下:
<!-- 信封固定格式 指定命名空间为soapenv -->
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-envelope" soapenv:encodingStyle="http://www.w3.org/2001/12/soap-encoding">
<soapenv:Header> <!--信息头 可选,可写成但标签-->
......
</soapenv:Header>
<soapenv:Body> <!--信息体 实际调用内容-->
......
</soapenv:Body>
</soap:Envelope>
SOAP详细教程:http://www.runoob.com/soap/soap-header.html
使用SoupUI
示例接口: http://115.28.108.130:4000/?wsdl
由于Postman等不具备将wsdl接口信息解析成对象描述的功能,我们使用另一个SOAP接口专用的测试工具SoupUI
SoupUI下载地址: http://www.wmzhe.com/soft-32815.html
使用Fiddler抓包,查看raw格式:
POST http://115.28.108.130:4000/ HTTP/1.1
Accept-Encoding: gzip,deflate
Content-Type: text/xml;charset=UTF-8
SOAPAction: "addUser"
Content-Length: 370
Host: 115.28.108.130:4000
Connection: Keep-Alive
User-Agent: Apache-HttpClient/4.1.1 (java 1.5)
<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:user="UserService">
<soapenv:Header/>
<soapenv:Body>
<user:addUser>
<!--Optional:-->
<user:name>范冰冰</user:name>
<!--Optional:-->
<user:password>123456</user:password>
</user:addUser>
</soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>
使用Postman发送SOAP接口
text/xml 和 application/xml的区别: 当你指定编码的时候,使用application/xml会安装xml指定的编码传输,而使用text/html会默认使用us-ascii编码编码传输数据
使用Python操作Web service接口
pip install suds-jurko
from suds.client import Client
service = Client("http://115.28.108.130:4000/?wsdl").service # 获取远端服务对象
result = service.addUser("范冰冰", "123456") # 向本地方法一样调用
print(result) # 输出 用户已存在
使用requests库发送
import requests
url = ‘http://115.28.108.130:4000/‘
data = ‘‘‘<soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:user="UserService">
<soapenv:Header/>
<soapenv:Body>
<user:addUser>
<!--Optional:-->
<user:name>张三</user:name>
<!--Optional:-->
<user:password>123456</user:password>
</user:addUser>
</soapenv:Body>
</soapenv:Envelope>
‘‘‘.encode(‘utf-8‘)
res = requests.post(url=url,data=data)
print(res.text)
结果:
<?xml version=‘1.0‘ encoding=‘UTF-8‘?>
<soap11env:Envelope xmlns:soap11env="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns:tns="UserService"><soap11env:Body><tns:addUserResponse><tns:addUserResult>用户已存在</tns:addUserResult></tns:addUserResponse></soap11env:Body></soap11env:Envelope>
XML: 可扩展标记语言,使用标签,多级树状结构,多用来存储和传输数据,如:
<bookstore>
<book category="COOKING">
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="CHILDREN">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
<book category="WEB">
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
<author>Erik T. Ray</author>
<year>2003</year>
<price>39.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
Python解析XML
from xml.etree import ElementTree
d = ‘‘‘<bookstore>
<book category="COOKING">
<title lang="en">Everyday Italian</title>
<author>Giada De Laurentiis</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>30.00</price>
</book>
<book category="CHILDREN">
<title lang="en">Harry Potter</title>
<author>J K. Rowling</author>
<year>2005</year>
<price>29.99</price>
</book>
<book category="WEB">
<title lang="en">Learning XML</title>
<author>Erik T. Ray</author>
<year>2003</year>
<price>39.95</price>
</book>
</bookstore>
‘‘‘
root = ElementTree.fromstring(d) # 加载元素树(ElementTree)得到根节点
print(root.find(".")) # 选择当前节点
print(root.find("book")) # 选择标签为book的子节点
print(root.find("book[2]")) # 选择标签为book的第三个子节点
print(root.find("book[@category=‘COOKING‘]")) # 选择标签为book切标签属性为category="COOKING"
print(root.find("./book/[title=‘Harry Potter‘]")) # 选择标签为book的节点中包含子标签title 切title的文本内容为Harry Potter
结果:
<Element ‘bookstore‘ at 0x000002406B666688>
<Element ‘book‘ at 0x000002406B6666D8>
<Element ‘book‘ at 0x000002406B8600E8>
<Element ‘book‘ at 0x000002406B6666D8>
<Element ‘book‘ at 0x000002406B8600E8>
find()返回的是节点对象,可以通过.tag获取标签名,.attrib获取属性字典,.text获取文本
XPath选择器
常用的三种定位元素方法
Mock 即模拟,就是在测试过程中,对于某些不容易构造或者不容易获取的对象,用一个虚拟的对象来创建以便测试的测试方法,其最大的优势就是降级前后端耦合度,使前端工程师可以不依赖后端返回数据,先开发前端样式以及逻辑处理
简单来说: Mock是用了解决依赖问题的,将复杂的/不稳定的/还未建立的依赖对象用一个简单的假对象来代替
Mock Server 即Mock接口服务器,可以通过配置快速Mock出新的接口
Mock Server的使用范围
同时在接口还未开发好时,提供Mock接口(假接口)会比只有接口文档更直观,并能有效减少沟通成本和一些文档理解bug
Postman的Mock Server功能
Postman还可以基于Collection建立Mock Server,这里不再详述
Python+Flask自己搭建Mock接口
使用Flask包我们可以快速搭建Mock接口
pip install flask
from flask import Flask, request, jsonify, abort
import random
app = Flask(__name__) # 实例化一个Flask对象
@app.route("/api/user/reg/", methods=["POST"])
def reg():
if not request.json or not ‘name‘ in request.json or not ‘password‘ in request.json:
abort(404)
res = [
{
"code": "100000",
"msg": "成功",
"data": {
"name": "李六",
"password": "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e"
}
},
{
"code": "100001",
"msg": "失败,用户已存在",
"data": {
"name": "李六",
"password": "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e"
}
},
{
"code": "100002",
"msg": "失败,添加用户失败",
"data": {
"name": "李六",
"password": "e10adc3949ba59abbe56e057f20f883e"
}
}
]
return jsonify(random.choice(res))
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
app.run()
此为北京龙腾育才 Python高级自动化(接口测试部分)授课笔记
课程介绍
想要参加现场(北京)/网络课程的可以联系作者微信:lockingfree
- 高效学习,快速掌握Python自动化所有领域技能
- 同步快速解决各种问题
- 配套实战项目练习
Python接口测试实战5(下) - RESTful、Web Service及Mock Server
标签:postman private 规范 print let apache other list env
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/superhin/p/10339004.html