标签：rem sha owa == 认证 san har asi ticket
基本身份认证Basic Authentication，简称BA认证
HTTP基本身份验证是一种最简单的web资源访问控制的技术，客户端携带username、password去请求服务器资源，不要求cookie,session identifier、login page等标记或载体。
基本身份认证过程主要在header特定字段中体现，不需要handshakes。
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_access_authentication
基本身份认证协议不保证传输凭证的安全性，他们仅仅只是被based64编码，并没有encrypted或者hashed,因此Basic Authentication为了保密性通常与https结合一起使用。
因为基本身份认证字段必须在HTTP Header 中发送，所以web browser需要在一个合理的时间内缓存凭据，缓存策略因浏览器不同而异，IE默认缓存15 分钟。 HTTP不会为客户端提供一个logout方法，但是有很多方法在浏览器中可以清除缓存凭据。
<script>document.execCommand(‘ClearAuthenticationCache‘);</script>
客户端使用Authorization Request header 发送认证凭据，凭据生成方式如下：
username、password字段以冒号分隔（username不能包含冒号）
string ---> 字节
Baseed64编码
在编码后字符串前加上Authorization 方法和一个空格
Authorization: Basic RmlzYWRzYWQ6YXNkYWRz
当服务端设定了基本身份认证服务时，服务端要给未通过认证请求适当的认证提示：
response status code：401 (Unauthorized)
repsonse header：WWW-Authenticate
HTTP/1.1 401 Unauthorized
WWW-Authenticate: Basic realm="180.76.176.244"
客户端表现如下图：
日常应用
IIS自带基本身份验证，以下是在IIS website中配置使用基本身份认证:
以.NetCore实践BA认证
服务端：
实现基本身份认证Handler， 包含认证方式、认证挑战的提示
.netcore 添加认证中间件
注册认证中间件
public class BasicAuthenticationHandler : AuthenticationHandler<BasicAuthenticationOption> { private BasicAuthenticationOption authOptions; public BasicAuthenticationHandler( IOptionsMonitor<BasicAuthenticationOption> options, ILoggerFactory logger, UrlEncoder encoder, ISystemClock clock) : base(options, logger, encoder, clock) { authOptions = options.CurrentValue; } /// <summary> /// BA认证过程 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> protected override async Task<AuthenticateResult> HandleAuthenticateAsync() { if (!Request.Headers.ContainsKey("Authorization")) return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Missing Authorization Header"); string username, password; try { var authHeader = AuthenticationHeaderValue.Parse(Request.Headers["Authorization"]); var credentialBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(authHeader.Parameter); var credentials = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(credentialBytes).Split(‘:‘); username = credentials[0]; password = credentials[1]; var isValidUser= IsAuthorized(username,password); if(isValidUser== false) { return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid username or password"); } } catch { return AuthenticateResult.Fail("Invalid Authorization Header"); } var claims = new[] { new Claim(ClaimTypes.NameIdentifier,username), new Claim(ClaimTypes.Name,username), }; var identity = new ClaimsIdentity(claims, Scheme.Name); var principal = new ClaimsPrincipal(identity); var ticket = new AuthenticationTicket(principal, Scheme.Name); return await Task.FromResult(AuthenticateResult.Success(ticket)); } /// <summary> /// 重写该方法以体现身份验证挑战(401)时发生时提示 /// </summary> /// <param name="properties"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected override async Task HandleChallengeAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties) { Response.Headers["WWW-Authenticate"] = $"Basic realm=\"{Options.Realm}\",charset=\"utf-8\""; await base.HandleChallengeAsync(properties); } /// <summary> 进行BA认证，此处不关注该方法 /// override the method to influence what happens when an forbidden response (403) /// </summary> /// <param name="properties"></param> /// <returns></returns> protected override async Task HandleForbiddenAsync(AuthenticationProperties properties) { await base.HandleForbiddenAsync(properties); } private bool IsAuthorized(string username, string password) { return username.Equals(authOptions.UserName, StringComparison.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase) && password.Equals(authOptions.UserPwd); } }
// 添加BA认证计划
services.AddAuthentication(BasicAuthentication.DefaultScheme) .AddScheme<BasicAuthenticationOption, BasicAuthenticationHandler>(BasicAuthentication.DefaultScheme,null);
// 这里我使用UseWhen启用一个中间件： 对某些路径开启BA认证
app.UseWhen( predicate:x => x.Request.Path.StartsWithSegments(new PathString(_protectedResourceOption.Path)), configuration:appBuilder => appBuilder.UseAuthentication() );
客户端：
/// <summary> /// BA认证请求Handler
/// </summary> public class BasicAuthenticationClientHandler : HttpClientHandler { public static string BAHeaderNames = "authorization"; private RemoteBasicAuth _remoteAccount; public BasicAuthenticationClientHandler(RemoteBasicAuth remoteAccount) { _remoteAccount = remoteAccount; AllowAutoRedirect = false; UseCookies = true; } protected override Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken) { var authorization = $"{_remoteAccount.UserName}:{_remoteAccount.Password}"; var authorizationBased64 = "Basic " + Convert.ToBase64String(new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(authorization)); request.Headers.Remove(BAHeaderNames); request.Headers.Add(BAHeaderNames, authorizationBased64); return base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken); } }
// 配置命名HttpClient
services.AddHttpClient("eqid-ba-request", x => x.BaseAddress = new Uri(_proxyOption.Scheme +"://"+ _proxyOption.Host+":"+_proxyOption.Port ) ) .ConfigurePrimaryHttpMessageHandler(y => new BasicAuthenticationClientHandler(_remoteAccount){} ) .SetHandlerLifetime(TimeSpan.FromMinutes(2)) .AddPolicyHandler(GetRetryPolicy());
以上应该是从协议、场景、实现讲述了BA认证的全部知识点 。
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标签：rem sha owa == 认证 san har asi ticket
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/mi12205599/p/10345365.html
