oracle 审计功能

环境： Linux 6.4 + Oracle 10.2.0.4

1. Oracle 10g 审计功能
2. 对数据库监听器的关闭和启动设置密码
1. Oracle 10g 审计功能
Oracle 10g审计功能默认是关闭的。
需要注意开启审计功能必然会额外消耗一部分数据库性能，开启审计需要重启数据库生效。
具体的审计策略则需要根据项目实际要求自行配置。

1.1 查看audit相关参数
--查看audit相关参数
set linesize 200
show parameter audit
--结果如下
NAME                                 TYPE                             VALUE
------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest                      string                           /opt/app/oracle/admin/vas/adum
                                                                      p
audit_sys_operations                 boolean                          FALSE
audit_syslog_level                   string
audit_trail                          string                           NONE
1.2 开启审计
--开启审计
alter system set audit_sys_operations=TRUE scope=spfile;
alter system set audit_trail=db,extended scope=spfile;
--重启库生效
shutdown immediate
startup
--最后再次查看确定审计已开启
SQL> show parameter audit

NAME                                 TYPE                             VALUE
------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest                      string                           /opt/app/oracle/admin/vas/adum
                                                                      p
audit_sys_operations                 boolean                          TRUE
audit_syslog_level                   string
audit_trail                          string                           DB, EXTENDED
1.3 配置审计策略
--查看审计策略
select * from DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS; 

--配置审计策略（参考11g默认开启的审计选项设置如下基本审计内容）
AUDIT ALTER ANY PROCEDURE         ;
AUDIT ALTER ANY TABLE             ;
AUDIT ALTER DATABASE              ;
AUDIT ALTER PROFILE               ;
AUDIT ALTER SYSTEM                ;
AUDIT ALTER USER                  ;
AUDIT CREATE ANY JOB              ;
AUDIT CREATE ANY LIBRARY          ;
AUDIT CREATE ANY PROCEDURE        ;
AUDIT CREATE ANY TABLE            ;
AUDIT CREATE EXTERNAL JOB         ;
AUDIT CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK ;
AUDIT CREATE SESSION              ;
AUDIT CREATE USER                 ;
AUDIT DATABASE LINK               ;
AUDIT DIRECTORY                   ;
AUDIT DROP ANY PROCEDURE          ;
AUDIT DROP ANY TABLE              ;
AUDIT DROP PROFILE                ;
AUDIT DROP USER                   ;
AUDIT EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY        ;
AUDIT GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE  ;
AUDIT GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE         ;
AUDIT GRANT ANY ROLE              ;
AUDIT PROFILE                     ;
AUDIT PUBLIC SYNONYM              ;
AUDIT ROLE                        ;
AUDIT SYSTEM AUDIT                ;
AUDIT SYSTEM GRANT                ;
--其他特殊需求的审计策略
----审计对业务用户JINGYU下的核心表T1数据的删除，更新和插入操作
AUDIT DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT ON JINGYU.T1;
----审计核心表T2（包括查询）
AUDIT ALL ON JINGYU.T2;
----审计核心表T2，每一次都生成一行审计记录
AUDIT ALL ON JINGYU.T2 BY ACCESS;
----取消特殊需求的审计策略
NOAUDIT DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT ON JINGYU.T1;
NOAUDIT ALL ON JINGYU.T2;

--取消审计策略
NOAUDIT ALTER ANY PROCEDURE         ;
NOAUDIT ALTER ANY TABLE             ;
NOAUDIT ALTER DATABASE              ;
NOAUDIT ALTER PROFILE               ;
NOAUDIT ALTER SYSTEM                ;
NOAUDIT ALTER USER                  ;
NOAUDIT CREATE ANY JOB              ;
NOAUDIT CREATE ANY LIBRARY          ;
NOAUDIT CREATE ANY PROCEDURE        ;
NOAUDIT CREATE ANY TABLE            ;
NOAUDIT CREATE EXTERNAL JOB         ;
NOAUDIT CREATE PUBLIC DATABASE LINK ;
NOAUDIT CREATE SESSION              ;
NOAUDIT CREATE USER                 ;
NOAUDIT DATABASE LINK               ;
NOAUDIT DIRECTORY                   ;
NOAUDIT DROP ANY PROCEDURE          ;
NOAUDIT DROP ANY TABLE              ;
NOAUDIT DROP PROFILE                ;
NOAUDIT DROP USER                   ;
NOAUDIT EXEMPT ACCESS POLICY        ;
NOAUDIT GRANT ANY OBJECT PRIVILEGE  ;
NOAUDIT GRANT ANY PRIVILEGE         ;
NOAUDIT GRANT ANY ROLE              ;
NOAUDIT PROFILE                     ;
NOAUDIT PUBLIC SYNONYM              ;
NOAUDIT ROLE                        ;
NOAUDIT SYSTEM AUDIT                ;
NOAUDIT SYSTEM GRANT                ;

--再次查看审计策略
select * from DBA_STMT_AUDIT_OPTS; 
1.4 查看审计日志
--查看审计日志
select * from DBA_AUDIT_TRAIL;
1.5 关闭审计
--关闭审计
alter system set audit_trail=none scope=spfile;
alter system set audit_sys_operations=false scope=spfile;
--重启库生效
shutdown immediate
startup
--最后确定审计已关闭
SQL> show parameter audit

NAME                                 TYPE                             VALUE
------------------------------------ -------------------------------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest                      string                           /opt/app/oracle/admin/vas/adum
                                                                      p
audit_sys_operations                 boolean                          FALSE
audit_syslog_level                   string
audit_trail                          string                           NONE