1、Factory Design pattern
工厂设计模式的优点
(1)工厂设计模式提供了接口而不是实现的代码方法。
(2)工厂模式从客户端代码中删除实际实现类的实例化。工厂模式使我们的代码更健壮,耦合更少,易于扩展。例如,我们可以轻松更改PC类实现,因为客户端程序不知道这一点。
(3)工厂模式通过继承提供实现和客户端类之间的抽象。
JDK中工厂设计模式实列
java.util.Calendar,ResourceBundle和NumberFormat getInstance()
方法使用Factory模式。
valueOf()
包装类中的方法,如Boolean,Integer等。
代码示例:https://github.com/journaldev/journaldev/tree/master/java-design-patterns/Factory-Design-Pattern
2、Prototype example
Employees.java
1 package com.journaldev.design.prototype;
2
3 import java.util.ArrayList;
4 import java.util.List;
5
6 public class Employees implements Cloneable{
7
8 private List<String> empList;
9
10 public Employees(){
11 empList = new ArrayList<String>();
12 }
13
14 public Employees(List<String> list){
15 this.empList=list;
16 }
17 public void loadData(){
18 //read all employees from database and put into the list
19 empList.add("Pankaj");
20 empList.add("Raj");
21 empList.add("David");
22 empList.add("Lisa");
23 }
24
25 public List<String> getEmpList() {
26 return empList;
27 }
28
29 @Override
30 public Object clone() throws CloneNotSupportedException{
31 List<String> temp = new ArrayList<String>();
32 for(String s : this.getEmpList()){
33 temp.add(s);
34 }
35 return new Employees(temp);
36 }
37
38 }
PrototypePatternTest.java
1 package com.journaldev.design.test;
2
3 import java.util.List;
4
5 import com.journaldev.design.prototype.Employees;
6
7 public class PrototypePatternTest {
8
9 public static void main(String[] args) throws CloneNotSupportedException {
10 Employees emps = new Employees();
11 emps.loadData();
12
13 //Use the clone method to get the Employee object
14 Employees empsNew = (Employees) emps.clone();
15 Employees empsNew1 = (Employees) emps.clone();
16 List<String> list = empsNew.getEmpList();
17 list.add("John");
18 List<String> list1 = empsNew1.getEmpList();
19 list1.remove("Pankaj");
20
21 System.out.println("emps List: "+emps.getEmpList());
22 System.out.println("empsNew List: "+list);
23 System.out.println("empsNew1 List: "+list1);
24 }
25
26 }
结果:
emps List: [Pankaj, Raj, David, Lisa]
empsNew List: [Pankaj, Raj, David, Lisa, John]
empsNew1 List: [Raj, David, Lisa]
3、Proxy模式
Proxy Design Pattern – Main Class
CommandExecutor.java
1 package com.journaldev.design.proxy;
2
3 public interface CommandExecutor {
4
5 public void runCommand(String cmd) throws Exception;
6 }
CommandExecutorImpl.java
1 package com.journaldev.design.proxy;
2
3 import java.io.IOException;
4
5 public class CommandExecutorImpl implements CommandExecutor {
6
7 @Override
8 public void runCommand(String cmd) throws IOException {
9 //some heavy implementation
10 Runtime.getRuntime().exec(cmd);
11 System.out.println("‘" + cmd + "‘ command executed.");
12 }
13
14 }
Proxy Design Pattern – Proxy Class
CommandExecutorProxy.java
1 package com.journaldev.design.proxy;
2
3 public class CommandExecutorProxy implements CommandExecutor {
4
5 private boolean isAdmin;
6 private CommandExecutor executor;
7
8 public CommandExecutorProxy(String user, String pwd){
9 if("Pankaj".equals(user) && "J@urnalD$v".equals(pwd)) isAdmin=true;
10 executor = new CommandExecutorImpl();
11 }
12
13 @Override
14 public void runCommand(String cmd) throws Exception {
15 if(isAdmin){
16 executor.runCommand(cmd);
17 }else{
18 if(cmd.trim().startsWith("rm")){
19 throw new Exception("rm command is not allowed for non-admin users.");
20 }else{
21 executor.runCommand(cmd);
22 }
23 }
24 }
25
26 }
ProxyPatternTest.java
1 package com.journaldev.design.test;
2
3 import com.journaldev.design.proxy.CommandExecutor;
4 import com.journaldev.design.proxy.CommandExecutorProxy;
5
6 public class ProxyPatternTest {
7
8 public static void main(String[] args){
9 CommandExecutor executor = new CommandExecutorProxy("Pankaj", "wrong_pwd");
10 try {
11 executor.runCommand("ls -ltr");
12 executor.runCommand(" rm -rf abc.pdf");
13 } catch (Exception e) {
14 System.out.println("Exception Message::"+e.getMessage());
15 }
16
17 }
18
19 }
output
‘ls -ltr‘ command executed.
Exception Message::rm command is not allowed for non-admin users.
4、Singleton模式
(1)Singleton模式限制了类的实例化,并确保java虚拟机中只存在该类的一个实例。
(2)单例类必须提供一个全局访问点来获取类的实例。
(3)单例模式用于日志记录 ,驱动程序对象,缓存和线程池 。
(4)Singleton设计模式也用于其他设计模式,如Abstract Factory , Builder , Prototype , Facade等。
Singleton设计模式也用于核心java类,例如java.lang.Runtime
, java.awt.Desktop
。
Java Singleton模式
为了实现Singleton模式,我们有不同的方法,但它们都有以下常见概念。
(1)私有构造函数,用于限制其他类的实例化。
(2)同一类的私有静态变量,它是该类的唯一实例。
(3)返回类实例的公共静态方法,这是外部世界获取单例类实例的全局访问点。
参考链接:https://www.journaldev.com/1827/java-design-patterns-example-tutorial
https://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchao-blog/p/10779576.html