@Controller
public class IndexController {
    @RequestMapping("/index")
    public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("index");
        mav.addObject("message", "Hello Spring MVC");
        return mav;
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:web="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" version="2.4">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
            org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet
        </servlet-class>
    <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>default</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>*.jpg</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context         
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd">
    
    <context:component-scan base-package="controller" />
    <bean id="irViewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/page/" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>
    
    
    <bean id="multipartResolver" class="org.springframework.web.multipart.commons.CommonsMultipartResolver"/>

</beans>

<form action="uploadImage" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data">
  选择图片:<input type="file" name="image" accept="image/*" /> <br>
  <input type="submit" value="上传">
</form>

package pojo;

import org.springframework.web.multipart.MultipartFile;

public class UploadedImageFile {
    MultipartFile image;
 
    public MultipartFile getImage() {
        return image;
    }
 
    public void setImage(MultipartFile image) {
        this.image = image;
    }
 
}

package controller;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
 
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
 
import org.apache.commons.lang.xwork.RandomStringUtils;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
 
import pojo.UploadedImageFile;
 
@Controller
public class UploadController {
 
    @RequestMapping("/uploadImage")
    public ModelAndView upload(HttpServletRequest request, UploadedImageFile file)
            throws IllegalStateException, IOException {
        //采用随机数来命名图片，防止上传文件名相同的文件会覆盖原文件
        String name = RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(10);
        String newFileName = name + ".jpg";
        //获取web目录下image目录来存放上传后的文件
        File newFile = new File(request.getServletContext().getRealPath("/image"), newFileName);
        newFile.getParentFile().mkdirs();
        //复制文件
        file.getImage().transferTo(newFile);
        //把生成的随机文件名传给视图，用来显示
        ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView("showUploadedFile");
        mav.addObject("imageName", newFileName);
        return mav;
    }
}

<img src="image/${imageName}"/>