吴裕雄--天生自然C语言开发：结构体

struct tag { 
    member-list
    member-list 
    member-list  
    ...
} variable-list ;

struct Books
{
   char  title[50];
   char  author[50];
   char  subject[100];
   int   book_id;
} book;

//此声明声明了拥有3个成员的结构体，分别为整型的a，字符型的b和双精度的c
//同时又声明了结构体变量s1
//这个结构体并没有标明其标签
struct 
{
    int a;
    char b;
    double c;
} s1;
 
//此声明声明了拥有3个成员的结构体，分别为整型的a，字符型的b和双精度的c
//结构体的标签被命名为SIMPLE,没有声明变量
struct SIMPLE
{
    int a;
    char b;
    double c;
};
//用SIMPLE标签的结构体，另外声明了变量t1、t2、t3
struct SIMPLE t1, t2[20], *t3;
 
//也可以用typedef创建新类型
typedef struct
{
    int a;
    char b;
    double c; 
} Simple2;
//现在可以用Simple2作为类型声明新的结构体变量
Simple2 u1, u2[20], *u3;

//此结构体的声明包含了其他的结构体
struct COMPLEX
{
    char string[100];
    struct SIMPLE a;
};
 
//此结构体的声明包含了指向自己类型的指针
struct NODE
{
    char string[100];
    struct NODE *next_node;
};

struct B;    //对结构体B进行不完整声明
 
//结构体A中包含指向结构体B的指针
struct A
{
    struct B *partner;
    //other members;
};
 
//结构体B中包含指向结构体A的指针，在A声明完后，B也随之进行声明
struct B
{
    struct A *partner;
    //other members;
};

#include <stdio.h>
 
struct Books
{
   char  title[50];
   char  author[50];
   char  subject[100];
   int   book_id;
} book = {"C 语言", "RUNOOB", "编程语言", 123456};
 
int main()
{
    printf("title : %s\nauthor: %s\nsubject: %s\nbook_id: %d\n", book.title, book.author, book.subject, book.book_id);
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
 
struct Books
{
   char  title[50];
   char  author[50];
   char  subject[100];
   int   book_id;
};
 
int main( )
{
   struct Books Book1;        /* 声明 Book1，类型为 Books */
   struct Books Book2;        /* 声明 Book2，类型为 Books */
 
   /* Book1 详述 */
   strcpy( Book1.title, "C Programming");
   strcpy( Book1.author, "Nuha Ali"); 
   strcpy( Book1.subject, "C Programming Tutorial");
   Book1.book_id = 6495407;
 
   /* Book2 详述 */
   strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing");
   strcpy( Book2.author, "Zara Ali");
   strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom Billing Tutorial");
   Book2.book_id = 6495700;
 
   /* 输出 Book1 信息 */
   printf( "Book 1 title : %s\n", Book1.title);
   printf( "Book 1 author : %s\n", Book1.author);
   printf( "Book 1 subject : %s\n", Book1.subject);
   printf( "Book 1 book_id : %d\n", Book1.book_id);
 
   /* 输出 Book2 信息 */
   printf( "Book 2 title : %s\n", Book2.title);
   printf( "Book 2 author : %s\n", Book2.author);
   printf( "Book 2 subject : %s\n", Book2.subject);
   printf( "Book 2 book_id : %d\n", Book2.book_id);
 
   return 0;
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
 
struct Books
{
   char  title[50];
   char  author[50];
   char  subject[100];
   int   book_id;
};
 
/* 函数声明 */
void printBook( struct Books book );
int main( )
{
   struct Books Book1;        /* 声明 Book1，类型为 Books */
   struct Books Book2;        /* 声明 Book2，类型为 Books */
 
   /* Book1 详述 */
   strcpy( Book1.title, "C Programming");
   strcpy( Book1.author, "Nuha Ali"); 
   strcpy( Book1.subject, "C Programming Tutorial");
   Book1.book_id = 6495407;
 
   /* Book2 详述 */
   strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing");
   strcpy( Book2.author, "Zara Ali");
   strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom Billing Tutorial");
   Book2.book_id = 6495700;
 
   /* 输出 Book1 信息 */
   printBook( Book1 );
 
   /* 输出 Book2 信息 */
   printBook( Book2 );
 
   return 0;
}
void printBook( struct Books book )
{
   printf( "Book title : %s\n", book.title);
   printf( "Book author : %s\n", book.author);
   printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book.subject);
   printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book.book_id);
}

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
 
struct Books
{
   char  title[50];
   char  author[50];
   char  subject[100];
   int   book_id;
};
 
/* 函数声明 */
void printBook( struct Books *book );
int main( )
{
   struct Books Book1;        /* 声明 Book1，类型为 Books */
   struct Books Book2;        /* 声明 Book2，类型为 Books */
 
   /* Book1 详述 */
   strcpy( Book1.title, "C Programming");
   strcpy( Book1.author, "Nuha Ali"); 
   strcpy( Book1.subject, "C Programming Tutorial");
   Book1.book_id = 6495407;
 
   /* Book2 详述 */
   strcpy( Book2.title, "Telecom Billing");
   strcpy( Book2.author, "Zara Ali");
   strcpy( Book2.subject, "Telecom Billing Tutorial");
   Book2.book_id = 6495700;
 
   /* 通过传 Book1 的地址来输出 Book1 信息 */
   printBook( &Book1 );
 
   /* 通过传 Book2 的地址来输出 Book2 信息 */
   printBook( &Book2 );
 
   return 0;
}
void printBook( struct Books *book )
{
   printf( "Book title : %s\n", book->title);
   printf( "Book author : %s\n", book->author);
   printf( "Book subject : %s\n", book->subject);
   printf( "Book book_id : %d\n", book->book_id);
}

struct 位域结构名 
{

 位域列表

};

struct bs{
    int a:8;
    int b:2;
    int c:6;
}data;

struct packed_struct {
  unsigned int f1:1;
  unsigned int f2:1;
  unsigned int f3:1;
  unsigned int f4:1;
  unsigned int type:4;
  unsigned int my_int:9;
} pack;

struct bs{
    unsigned a:4;
    unsigned  :4;    /* 空域 */
    unsigned b:4;    /* 从下一单元开始存放 */
    unsigned c:4
}

ain(){
    struct bs{
        unsigned a:1;
        unsigned b:3;
        unsigned c:4;
    } bit,*pbit;
    bit.a=1;    /* 给位域赋值（应注意赋值不能超过该位域的允许范围） */
    bit.b=7;    /* 给位域赋值（应注意赋值不能超过该位域的允许范围） */
    bit.c=15;    /* 给位域赋值（应注意赋值不能超过该位域的允许范围） */
    printf("%d,%d,%d\n",bit.a,bit.b,bit.c);    /* 以整型量格式输出三个域的内容 */
    pbit=&bit;    /* 把位域变量 bit 的地址送给指针变量 pbit */
    pbit->a=0;    /* 用指针方式给位域 a 重新赋值，赋为 0 */
    pbit->b&=3;    /* 使用了复合的位运算符 "&="，相当于：pbit->b=pbit->b&3，位域 b 中原有值为 7，与 3 作按位与运算的结果为 3（111&011=011，十进制值为 3） */
    pbit->c|=1;    /* 使用了复合位运算符"|="，相当于：pbit->c=pbit->c|1，其结果为 15 */
    printf("%d,%d,%d\n",pbit->a,pbit->b,pbit->c);    /* 用指针方式输出了这三个域的值 */
}