标签:red val 对象属性 严格 sys 多态性 eth str 自己
面向过程编程:类似于工厂的流水线
面向对象编程:核心是对象二字,对象属性和方法的集合体,面向对象编程就是一堆对象交互
对象:属性和方法的集合体
类:一系列相同属性和方法的集合体
现实世界中先有对象后有类,python中先有类,再实例化出对象
先对象本身-->类-->父类-->父类的父类-->object-->自己定制的元类-->type
class People:
pass
p1 = Peolple()
p1.name = 'nick'
p2 = People()
p2.name = 'tank'
class People:
def eat(self):
print(self, 'eat....')
p1 = Peolple()
p1.eat()
p1.name = 'nick'
p2 = People()
p2.eat()
p2.name = 'tank'
lis = [1,2,3] # lis = list([1,2,3])
class foo:
def __init__(self,name):
self.name = name
f = foo('name')
lis.append(4) # 对象调对象绑定的方法,会自动传参
list.append(lis,4) # 类调用对象绑定的方法,必须得传参
继承父类,则会有父类的所有属性和方法
class ParentClass1():
pass
class ParentClass2():
pass
class SubClass(ParentClass1,ParentClass2):
pass
继承父类的同时自己有init,然后也需要父类的init
class ParentClass1():
def __init__(self,name):
pass
class SubClass(ParentClass):
def __init__(self,age):
# 1. ParentClass1.__init__(self,name)
# 2. super(SubClass,self).__init__(name)
self.age = age
gll 加: 派生2中
1.不继承,指明道姓访问一个类的函数
2.严格按继承属性查找关系
super()会得到一个特殊的对象,该对象就是专门用来访问父类中属性的(按照继承的关系)
super().__init__(不用为self传值)
super的完整用法是super(自己的类名,self) ,在python2中需要书写完整,在python3中可以简化为super()
类对象可以引用/当做参数传入/当做返回值/当做容器元素,类似于函数对象
class ParentClass1():
count = 0
def __init__(self,name):
pass
class SubClass(ParentClass):
def __init__(self,age):
self.age = age
pc = ParentClass1()
sc = SubClass()
sc.parent_class = pc # 组合 给对象赋予了属性,属性值为对象
pc.count
sc.parent_class.count # 0
新式类:继承object的类,python3中全是新式类
经典类:没有继承object的类,只有python2中有
在菱形继承的时候,新式类是广度优先(老祖宗最后找);经典类深度优先(一路找到底,再找旁边的)
一种事物的多种形态,动物-->人/猪/狗
# 多态
import abc
class Animal(metaclass=abc.ABCmeta):
@abc.abstractmethod
def eat():
print('eat')
class People(Animal):
def eat():
pass
class Pig(Animal):
def eat():
pass
def run():
pass
class Dog(Animal): # 报错
def run():
pass
# 多态性
peo = People()
peo.eat()
peo1 = People()
peo1.eat()
pig = Pig()
pig.eat()
def func(obj):
obj.eat()
class Cat(Animal):
def eat():
pass
cat = Cat()
鸭子类型:只要长得像鸭子,叫的像鸭子,游泳像鸭子,就是鸭子.
隐藏属性,只有类内部可以访问,类外部不可以访问
class Foo():
__count = 0
def get_count(self):
return self.__count
f = Foo()
f.__count # 报错
f._Foo__count # 不能这样做 实在想用就用 _类名__属性,函数同理
定义时,在实例方法的基础上添加 @property 装饰器;并且仅有一个self参数
调用时,无需括号
class People():
def __init__(self,height,weight):
self.height = height
self.weight = weight
@property
def bmi(self):
return weight/(height**2)
@bmi.setter
def bmi(self,value)
print('setter')
@bmi.deleter
def bmi(self):
print('delter')
peo = People
peo.bmi
没有任何装饰器装饰的方法就是对象的绑定方法, 类能调用, 但是必须得传参给self
被 @classmethod 装饰器装饰的方法是类的绑定方法,参数写成cls, cls是类本身, 对象也能调用, 参数cls还是类本身
被 @staticmethod 装饰器装饰的方法就是非绑定方法, 就是一个普通的函数
isinstance判断是否为类的实例化对象,会检测父类,而type不会检测父类
issubclass,判断是否为其子类
hasattr:通过字符串判断是否类属性存在
getattr:通过字符串获取类属性
setattr:通过字符串修改类属性
delattr:通过字符串删除类属性
gll添加:
应用场景:如何通过sys和getattr获取模块
import time , sys, os
mod = sys.modules['__main__'] # 获取的是当前导入的所有模块对应的总内存地址
print(mod)
tim = getattr(mod, 'time', None)
path = getattr(mod, 'os', None)
print(tim.time())
print(path.path)
class Foo:
def __init__(self):
print('Foo()会触发我')
def __call__(self):
print('Foo()()/f()会触发我')
f = Foo()
f()
class Foo:
def __new__(self):
print('new')
obj = object.__new__(self)
return obj
def __init__(self):
print('init')
f = Foo()
元类用来造类的
元类()-->类-->init
元类()()-->对象--->call
类分为几部分:类名/类体名称空间/父类们
class Mymeta(type):
def __init__(self,class_name,class_bases,class_dic):
# 控制类的逻辑代码
super().__init__(class_name,class_bases,class_dic)
def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
# 控制类实例化的参数
obj = self.__new__(self) # obj就是实例化的对象
self.__init__(obj,*args,**kwargs)
print(obj.__dict__)
# 控制类实例化的逻辑
return obj
class People(metaclass=Mymeta):
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
NAME = 'nick'
AGE = 18
class People():
__instance = None
@classmethod
def from_conf(cls):
if cls.__instance:
return cls.__instance
cls.__instance = cls(NAME,AGE)
return cls.__instance
People.from_conf()
People.from_conf()
NAME = 'nick'
AGE = 18
def deco(cls):
cls.__instance = cls(NAME,AGE)
def wrapper(*args,**kwargs):
if len(args) == 0 and len(kwargs) == 0:
return cls.__instance
res = cls(*args,**kwargs)
return res
return wrapper
@deco
class People():
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
peo1 = People()
peo2 = People()
NAME = 'nick'
AGE = 18
class Mymeta(type):
def __init__(self,class_name,class_bases,class_dict):
super().__init__(class_name,class_bases,class_dict)
self.__instance = self(NAME,AGE)
def __call__(self,*args,**kwargs):
if len(args) == 0 and len(kwargs) == 0:
return self.__instance
obj = object.__new__(self)
self.__init__(obj,*args,**kwargs)
return obj
class People(metaclass=Mymeta):
def __init__(self,name,age):
self.name = name
self.age = age
peo1 = People()
peo2 = People()
x = 10
y = 20
c = 30
try:
1/0
except Exception as e:
print(e)
抛出异常
raise KeyboardInterrupt('中断捕捉')
判断某一行代码是否有问题
标签:red val 对象属性 严格 sys 多态性 eth str 自己
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/geyatou322/p/11069060.html