WebApi 如何 优雅的 对 输入输出 解密加密

这不是变态的想法, 这只是对现实需求的转化.
因为有密文, 所以本文不适用于浏览器到服务端的数据交换;
只适用于服务端到服务端的数据传输.

用传统的方法对输入输出做加解密, 无非就是在入口处做操作. 但是 WebApi 的参数如果接收的是一串加密字符串, 那基本上等于和 WebApi 强大的模型绑定 Say baybay 了.

要加解密, 又想利用 WebApi 的便利, 有没有什么好的方法呢? 用 ActionFilter ? ModelBinder ?? 好像不能很好的解决(没有仔细的研究).

参考了 Microsoft.AspNet.WebApi.MessageHandlers.Compression 的写法, 我写了个简单的实现..

将返回结果加密

声明 ActionFilter

用以指示后续的处理程序, 哪些Action结果是要密的; 如果需要加密输出, 则在 Response 的 Header 的 ContentType 里加上 encrypt 参数

  [AttributeUsage(AttributeTargets.Class | AttributeTargets.Method, AllowMultiple = false)]
  public class EncryptAttribute : ActionFilterAttribute
  {
      public bool Ignore { get; set; }

      public override async Task OnActionExecutedAsync(HttpActionExecutedContext actionExecutedContext, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
      {
          await base.OnActionExecutedAsync(actionExecutedContext, cancellationToken);
          if (!this.Ignore)
          {
              actionExecutedContext.Response.Content.Headers.ContentType.Parameters.Add(new System.Net.Http.Headers.NameValueHeaderValue("encrypt", ""));
          }
      }
  }

属性: Ignore , 如果值为 true , 则告诉处理程序, 结果不需要加密;
注意 AllowMutltiple 一定是 false, 避免 Controller 和 Action 上的 Filter 交叉.

使用 EncryptAttribute

    [Encrypt]
    public class TestController : ApiController
    {
        public Test Get()
        {
            return new Test()
            {
                ID = 1,
                Name = "xling"
            };
        }

        [Encrypt(Ignore = true)]
        public Test Post(Test test)
        {
            return test;
        }
    }

派生 DelegatingHandler

重写 SendAsync 方法

    public class CryptoHandler : DelegatingHandler
    {
        ...
        ...
        protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            var response = await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
            return await this.HandleResponse(request, response, cancellationToken);
        }

        ...
        ...
        private async Task<HttpResponseMessage> HandleResponse(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpResponseMessage response, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            if (response.Content != null && response.Content.Headers.ContentType.Parameters.Any(p => string.Equals(p.Name, "encrypt", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
            {
                var inputBytes = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();
                var encryptByte = AesHelper.Encrypt(inputBytes, KEY);

                var base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(encryptByte);
                var encryptedContent = new StringContent(base64);

                encryptedContent.Headers.Clear();
                response.Content.Headers.CopyTo(encryptedContent.Headers);
                response.Content = encryptedContent;

                return response;
            }

            return response;
        }

    }

在 HandleResponse 方法里, 首先判断 Response Header 的 ContentType 里是否包含 encrypt 这个参数.
跟据生命周期, 这里的 encrypt 就是上面的 ActionFilter 写进来的.
紧接着就是把返回内容当作字符串加密,并转化为 Base64 格式, 写进 StringContent 里.
然后把原始的 Response Header 覆盖到新的 StringContent 里去.

使用 CryptoHandler

修改 Global 的 Application_Start 方法, 在最后面加上:

GlobalConfiguration.Configuration.MessageHandlers.Insert(0, new CryptoHandler());

看一下输出的 Response Header

加密输出 Response Header

解密收到的请求

对CryptoHandler扩展

上面的 CryptoHandler 只对 Response 做了处理. 这里我们要修改 SendAsync 方法, 使它能够将传入的加密数据还原成可以被 WebApi 的 ModelBinder 识别的数据.

        protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            request = await this.HandleRequest(request, cancellationToken);
            var response = await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
            return await this.HandleResponse(request, response, cancellationToken);
        }

        private async Task<HttpRequestMessage> HandleRequest(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellation)
        {
            if (request.Content?.Headers.ContentType?.Parameters?.Any(y => string.Equals(y.Name, "encrypt", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) == true)
            {
                var input = await request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                var inputBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(input);
                var decryptedBytes = AesHelper.Decrypt(inputBytes, KEY);

                //var str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes);

                var stm = new MemoryStream(decryptedBytes);
                var decryptedContent = new StreamContent(stm);
                request.Content.Headers.CopyTo(decryptedContent.Headers);
                request.Content = decryptedContent;

                return request;

            }

            return request;
        }

跟加密一样, 解密的第一步也是判断 ContentType 里是否包含参数 encrypt.
接着就是把请求的内容按 string 取出, 并用 base64 解码(因为上一步产生的结果, 我们用 base64 转义了.)
然后对结果解密, 并写入 StreamContent, 替换 request 的 Content.
在运行下去, 就到 Action 里去了.

看一下请求示例

加密提交 以 raw 方式提交数据

加密提交 Request Header

其它

CryptoHandler.cs 完整代码

using XXX.Common;
using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Net.Http;
using System.Net.Http.Extensions.Compression.Core.Extensions;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;


namespace XXX.XXX.XXX
{
    public class CryptoHandler : DelegatingHandler
    {


        private static string KEY = "FF545E10-EDB8-4086-861C-AADFAED015C3";

        public static void Init(string key)
        {
            if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(key))
                throw new ArgumentNullException(key);

            KEY = key;
        }

        protected override async Task<HttpResponseMessage> SendAsync(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            request = await this.HandleRequest(request, cancellationToken);
            var response = await base.SendAsync(request, cancellationToken);
            return await this.HandleResponse(request, response, cancellationToken);
        }

        private async Task<HttpRequestMessage> HandleRequest(HttpRequestMessage request, CancellationToken cancellation)
        {
            if (request.Content?.Headers.ContentType?.Parameters?.Any(y => string.Equals(y.Name, "encrypt", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)) == true)
            {
                var input = await request.Content.ReadAsStringAsync();
                var inputBytes = Convert.FromBase64String(input);
                var decryptedBytes = AesHelper.Decrypt(inputBytes, KEY);

                //var str = Encoding.UTF8.GetString(decryptedBytes);

                var stm = new MemoryStream(decryptedBytes);
                var decryptedContent = new StreamContent(stm);
                request.Content.Headers.CopyTo(decryptedContent.Headers);
                request.Content = decryptedContent;

                return request;

            }

            return request;
        }

        private async Task<HttpResponseMessage> HandleResponse(HttpRequestMessage request, HttpResponseMessage response, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
        {
            if (response.Content != null && response.Content.Headers.ContentType.Parameters.Any(p => string.Equals(p.Name, "encrypt", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)))
            {
                var inputBytes = await response.Content.ReadAsByteArrayAsync();
                var encryptByte = AesHelper.Encrypt(inputBytes, KEY);

                var base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(encryptByte);
                var encryptedContent = new StringContent(base64);

                encryptedContent.Headers.Clear();
                response.Content.Headers.CopyTo(encryptedContent.Headers);
                response.Content = encryptedContent;

                return response;
            }

            return response;
        }

    }
}