标签:message mst 解析 ignore 场景 char 轻量 XML real
SharedPreferences
应该是任何一名 Android 初学者都知道的存储类了,它轻量,适合用于保存软件配置等参数。以键值对的 XML 文件形式存储在本地,程序卸载后也会一并清除,不会残留信息。
使用起来也非常简单。
// 读取
val sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("123", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
val string = sharedPreferences.getString("123","")
// 写入
val editor = sharedPreferences.edit()
editor.putString("123","123")
editor.commit()
当我们写下这样的代码的时候,IDE 极易出现一个警告,提示我们用 apply()
来替换 commit()
。原因也很简单,因为 commit()
是同步的,而 apply()
采用异步的方式通常来说效率会更高一些。但是,当我们把 editor.commit()
的返回值赋给一个变量的时候,这时候就会发现 IDE 没有了警告。这是因为 IDE 认为我们想要使用 editor.commit()
的返回值了,所以,通常来说,在我们不关心操作结果的时候,我们更倾向于使用 apply()
进行写入的操作。
我们可以通过 3 种方式来获取 SharedPreferences
的实例。
首先当然是我们最常见的写法。
getSharedPreferences("123", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
Context
的任意子类都可以直接通过 getSharedPreferences()
方法获取到 SharedPreferences
的实例,接受两个参数,分别对应 XML 文件的名字和操作模式。其中 MODE_WORLD_READABLE
和 MODE_WORLD_WRITEABLE
这两种模式已在 Android 4.2 版本中被废弃。
SharedPreferences
数据只能被本应用程序读、写;SharedPreferences
数据能被其他应用程序读,但不能写;SharedPreferences
数据能被其他应用程序读;另外在 Activity
的实现中,还可以直接通过 getPreferences()
获取,实际上也就把当前 Activity 的类名作为文件名参数。
public SharedPreferences getPreferences(@Context.PreferencesMode int mode) {
return getSharedPreferences(getLocalClassName(), mode);
}
此外,我们也可以通过 PreferenceManager
的 getDefaultSharedPreferences()
获取到。
public static SharedPreferences getDefaultSharedPreferences(Context context) {
return context.getSharedPreferences(getDefaultSharedPreferencesName(context),
getDefaultSharedPreferencesMode());
}
public static String getDefaultSharedPreferencesName(Context context) {
return context.getPackageName() + "_preferences";
}
private static int getDefaultSharedPreferencesMode() {
return Context.MODE_PRIVATE;
}
可以很明显的看到,这个方式就是在直接把当前应用的包名作为前缀来进行命名的。
注意:如果在 Fragment 中使用
SharedPreferences
时,SharedPreferences
的初始化尽量放在onAttach(Activity activity)
里面进行 ,否则可能会报空指针,即getActivity()
会可能返回为空。
有较多 SharedPreferences
使用经验的人,就会发现 SharedPreferences
其实具备挺多的坑,但这些坑主要都是因为不熟悉其中真正的原理所导致的,所以,笔者在这里,带大家一起揭开 SharedPreferences
的神秘面纱。
前面讲了 SharedPreferences
有三种获取实例的方法,但归根结底都是调用的 Context
的 getSharedPreferences()
方法。由于 Android 的 Context
类采用的是装饰者模式,而装饰者对象其实就是 ContextImpl
,所以我们来看看源码是怎么实现的。
// 存放的是名称和文件夹的映射,实际上这个名称就是我们外面传进来的 name
private ArrayMap<String, File> mSharedPrefsPaths;
public SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(String name, int mode) {
// At least one application in the world actually passes in a null
// name. This happened to work because when we generated the file name
// we would stringify it to "null.xml". Nice.
if (mPackageInfo.getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion <
Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT) {
if (name == null) {
name = "null";
}
}
File file;
synchronized (ContextImpl.class) {
if (mSharedPrefsPaths == null) {
mSharedPrefsPaths = new ArrayMap<>();
}
file = mSharedPrefsPaths.get(name);
if (file == null) {
file = getSharedPreferencesPath(name);
mSharedPrefsPaths.put(name, file);
}
}
return getSharedPreferences(file, mode);
}
@Override
public File getSharedPreferencesPath(String name) {
return makeFilename(getPreferencesDir(), name + ".xml");
}
private File makeFilename(File base, String name) {
if (name.indexOf(File.separatorChar) < 0) {
return new File(base, name);
}
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"File " + name + " contains a path separator");
}
可以很明显的看到,内部是采用 ArrayMap
来做的处理,而这个 mSharedPrefsPaths
主要是用于存放名称和文件夹的映射,实际上这个名称就是我们外面传进来的 name,这时候我们通过 name 拿到我们的 File,如果当前池子中没有的话,则直接新建一个 File,并放入到 mSharedPrefsPaths
中。最后还是调用的重载方法 getSharedPreferences(File,mode)
// 存放包名与ArrayMap键值对,初始化时会默认以包名作为键值对中的 Key,注意这是个 static 变量
private static ArrayMap<String, ArrayMap<File, SharedPreferencesImpl>> sSharedPrefsCache;
@Override
public SharedPreferences getSharedPreferences(File file, int mode) {
SharedPreferencesImpl sp;
synchronized (ContextImpl.class) {
final ArrayMap<File, SharedPreferencesImpl> cache = getSharedPreferencesCacheLocked();
sp = cache.get(file);
if (sp == null) {
checkMode(mode);
if (getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {
if (isCredentialProtectedStorage()
&& !getSystemService(UserManager.class)
.isUserUnlockingOrUnlocked(UserHandle.myUserId())) {
throw new IllegalStateException("SharedPreferences in credential encrypted "
+ "storage are not available until after user is unlocked");
}
}
sp = new SharedPreferencesImpl(file, mode);
cache.put(file, sp);
return sp;
}
}
if ((mode & Context.MODE_MULTI_PROCESS) != 0 ||
getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion < android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.HONEYCOMB) {
// If somebody else (some other process) changed the prefs
// file behind our back, we reload it. This has been the
// historical (if undocumented) behavior.
sp.startReloadIfChangedUnexpectedly();
}
return sp;
}
private ArrayMap<File, SharedPreferencesImpl> getSharedPreferencesCacheLocked() {
if (sSharedPrefsCache == null) {
sSharedPrefsCache = new ArrayMap<>();
}
final String packageName = getPackageName();
ArrayMap<File, SharedPreferencesImpl> packagePrefs = sSharedPrefsCache.get(packageName);
if (packagePrefs == null) {
packagePrefs = new ArrayMap<>();
sSharedPrefsCache.put(packageName, packagePrefs);
}
return packagePrefs;
}
可以看到,又采用了一个 ArrayMap
来存放文件和 SharedPreferencesImpl
组成的键值对,然后通过通过单例的方式返回一个 SharedPreferences
对象,实际上是 SharedPreferences
的实现类 SharedPreferencesImpl
,而且在其中还建立了一个内部缓存机制。
所以,从上面的分析中,我们能知道 对于一个相同的 name,我们获取到的都是同一个 SharedPreferencesImpl 对象。
在上面的操作中,我们可以看到在第一次调用 getSharedPreferences
的时候,我们会去构造一个 SharedPreferencesImpl
对象,我们来看看都做了什么。
SharedPreferencesImpl(File file, int mode) {
mFile = file;
mBackupFile = makeBackupFile(file);
mMode = mode;
mLoaded = false;
mMap = null;
mThrowable = null;
startLoadFromDisk();
}
private void startLoadFromDisk() {
synchronized (mLock) {
mLoaded = false;
}
new Thread("SharedPreferencesImpl-load") {
public void run() {
loadFromDisk();
}
}.start();
}
private void loadFromDisk() {
synchronized (mLock) {
if (mLoaded) {
return;
}
if (mBackupFile.exists()) {
mFile.delete();
mBackupFile.renameTo(mFile);
}
}
// Debugging
if (mFile.exists() && !mFile.canRead()) {
Log.w(TAG, "Attempt to read preferences file " + mFile + " without permission");
}
Map<String, Object> map = null;
StructStat stat = null;
Throwable thrown = null;
try {
stat = Os.stat(mFile.getPath());
if (mFile.canRead()) {
BufferedInputStream str = null;
try {
str = new BufferedInputStream(
new FileInputStream(mFile), 16 * 1024);
map = (Map<String, Object>) XmlUtils.readMapXml(str);
} catch (Exception e) {
Log.w(TAG, "Cannot read " + mFile.getAbsolutePath(), e);
} finally {
IoUtils.closeQuietly(str);
}
}
} catch (ErrnoException e) {
// An errno exception means the stat failed. Treat as empty/non-existing by
// ignoring.
} catch (Throwable t) {
thrown = t;
}
synchronized (mLock) {
mLoaded = true;
mThrowable = thrown;
// It's important that we always signal waiters, even if we'll make
// them fail with an exception. The try-finally is pretty wide, but
// better safe than sorry.
try {
if (thrown == null) {
if (map != null) {
mMap = map;
mStatTimestamp = stat.st_mtim;
mStatSize = stat.st_size;
} else {
mMap = new HashMap<>();
}
}
// In case of a thrown exception, we retain the old map. That allows
// any open editors to commit and store updates.
} catch (Throwable t) {
mThrowable = t;
} finally {
mLock.notifyAll();
}
}
}
注意看我们的 startLoadFromDisk
方法,我们会去新开一个子线程,然后去通过 XmlUtils.readMapXml()
方法把指定的 SharedPreferences
文件的所有的键值对都读出来,然后存放到一个 map 中。
而众所周知,文件的读写操作都是耗时的,可想而知,在我们第一次去读取一个 SharedPreferences
文件的时候花上了太多的时间会怎样。
上面讲了初次获取一个文件的 SharedPreferences
实例的时候,会先去把所有键值对读取到缓存中,这明显是一个耗时操作,而我们正常的去读取数据的时候,都是类似这样的代码。
val sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("123", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
val string = sharedPreferences.getString("123","")
SharedPreferences
的getXXX()
方法可能会报ClassCastException
异常,所以我们在同一个 name 的时候,对不一样的类型,必须使用不同的 key。但是putXXX
是可以用不同的类型值覆盖相同的 key 的。
那势必可能会导致这个操作需要等待一定的时间,我们姑且可以这么猜想,在 getXXX()
方法执行的时候应该是会等待前面的操作完成才能执行的。
因为 SharedPreferences
是一个接口,所以我们主要来看看它的实现类 SharedPreferencesImpl
,这里以 getString()
为例。
@Override
@Nullable
public String getString(String key, @Nullable String defValue) {
synchronized (mLock) {
awaitLoadedLocked();
String v = (String)mMap.get(key);
return v != null ? v : defValue;
}
}
awaitLoadedLocked()
方法应该就是我们所想的等待执行操作了,我们看看里面做了什么。
private void awaitLoadedLocked() {
if (!mLoaded) {
// Raise an explicit StrictMode onReadFromDisk for this
// thread, since the real read will be in a different
// thread and otherwise ignored by StrictMode.
BlockGuard.getThreadPolicy().onReadFromDisk();
}
while (!mLoaded) {
try {
mLock.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException unused) {
}
}
if (mThrowable != null) {
throw new IllegalStateException(mThrowable);
}
}
可以看到,在 awaitLoadedLocked
方法里面我们使用了 mLock.wait()
来等待初始化的读取操作,而我们前面看到的 loadFromDiskLocked()
方法的最后也可以看到它调用了 mLock.notifyAll()
方法来唤醒后面这个阻塞的 getXXX()
。那么这里就会明显出现一个问题,我们的 getXXX()
方法是写在 UI 线程的,如果这个方法被阻塞的太久,势必会出现 ANR 的情况。所以我们一定在平时需要根据具体情况考虑是否需要把 SharedPreferences
的读写操作放在子线程中。
我们在写入数据之前,总是要先通过类似这样的代码获取 SharedPreferences
的内部类 Editor
。
val editor = sharedPreferences.edit()
我们当然要看看这个到底是什么东西。
@Override
public Editor edit() {
// TODO: remove the need to call awaitLoadedLocked() when
// requesting an editor. will require some work on the
// Editor, but then we should be able to do:
//
// context.getSharedPreferences(..).edit().putString(..).apply()
//
// ... all without blocking.
synchronized (mLock) {
awaitLoadedLocked();
}
return new EditorImpl();
}
我们在
可以看到,我们在读取解析完 XML 文件的时候,直接返回了一个 Editor
的实现类 EditorImpl
。我们随便查看一个 putXXX 的方法一看。
private final Object mEditorLock = new Object();
@GuardedBy("mEditorLock")
private final Map<String, Object> mModified = new HashMap<>();
@GuardedBy("mEditorLock")
private boolean mClear = false;
@Override
public Editor putString(String key, @Nullable String value) {
synchronized (mEditorLock) {
mModified.put(key, value);
return this;
}
}
可以看到,我们在 EditorImpl
里面使用了一个 HashMap
来存放我们的键值对数据,每次 put 的时候都会直接往这个键值对变量 mModified
中进行数据的 put 操作。
我们总是在更新数据后需要加上 commit()
或者 apply()
来进行输入的写入操作,我们不妨来看看他们的实现到底有什么区别。
先看 commit() 和 apply() 的源码。
@Override
public boolean commit() {
long startTime = 0;
if (DEBUG) {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
MemoryCommitResult mcr = commitToMemory();
SharedPreferencesImpl.this.enqueueDiskWrite(
mcr, null /* sync write on this thread okay */);
try {
mcr.writtenToDiskLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
return false;
} finally {
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, mFile.getName() + ":" + mcr.memoryStateGeneration
+ " committed after " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)
+ " ms");
}
}
notifyListeners(mcr);
return mcr.writeToDiskResult;
}
@Override
public void apply() {
final long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
final MemoryCommitResult mcr = commitToMemory();
final Runnable awaitCommit = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
mcr.writtenToDiskLatch.await();
} catch (InterruptedException ignored) {
}
if (DEBUG && mcr.wasWritten) {
Log.d(TAG, mFile.getName() + ":" + mcr.memoryStateGeneration
+ " applied after " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime)
+ " ms");
}
}
};
QueuedWork.addFinisher(awaitCommit);
Runnable postWriteRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
awaitCommit.run();
QueuedWork.removeFinisher(awaitCommit);
}
};
SharedPreferencesImpl.this.enqueueDiskWrite(mcr, postWriteRunnable);
// Okay to notify the listeners before it's hit disk
// because the listeners should always get the same
// SharedPreferences instance back, which has the
// changes reflected in memory.
notifyListeners(mcr);
}
可以看到,apply()
和 commit()
的区别是在 commit()
把内容同步提交到了硬盘,而 apply()
是先立即把修改提交给了内存,然后开启了一个异步的线程提交到硬盘。commit()
会接收 MemoryCommitResult
里面的一个 boolean
参数作为结果,而 apply()
没有对结果做任何关心。
我们可以看到,文件写入更新的操作都是交给 commitToMemory()
做的,这个方法返回了一个 MemoryCommitResult
对象,我们来看看到底做了什么。
// Returns true if any changes were made
private MemoryCommitResult commitToMemory() {
long memoryStateGeneration;
List<String> keysModified = null;
Set<OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener> listeners = null;
Map<String, Object> mapToWriteToDisk;
synchronized (SharedPreferencesImpl.this.mLock) {
// We optimistically don't make a deep copy until
// a memory commit comes in when we're already
// writing to disk.
if (mDiskWritesInFlight > 0) {
// We can't modify our mMap as a currently
// in-flight write owns it. Clone it before
// modifying it.
// noinspection unchecked
mMap = new HashMap<String, Object>(mMap);
}
mapToWriteToDisk = mMap;
mDiskWritesInFlight++;
boolean hasListeners = mListeners.size() > 0;
if (hasListeners) {
keysModified = new ArrayList<String>();
listeners = new HashSet<OnSharedPreferenceChangeListener>(mListeners.keySet());
}
synchronized (mEditorLock) {
boolean changesMade = false;
if (mClear) {
if (!mapToWriteToDisk.isEmpty()) {
changesMade = true;
mapToWriteToDisk.clear();
}
mClear = false;
}
for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : mModified.entrySet()) {
String k = e.getKey();
Object v = e.getValue();
// "this" is the magic value for a removal mutation. In addition,
// setting a value to "null" for a given key is specified to be
// equivalent to calling remove on that key.
if (v == this || v == null) {
if (!mapToWriteToDisk.containsKey(k)) {
continue;
}
mapToWriteToDisk.remove(k);
} else {
if (mapToWriteToDisk.containsKey(k)) {
Object existingValue = mapToWriteToDisk.get(k);
if (existingValue != null && existingValue.equals(v)) {
continue;
}
}
mapToWriteToDisk.put(k, v);
}
changesMade = true;
if (hasListeners) {
keysModified.add(k);
}
}
mModified.clear();
if (changesMade) {
mCurrentMemoryStateGeneration++;
}
memoryStateGeneration = mCurrentMemoryStateGeneration;
}
}
return new MemoryCommitResult(memoryStateGeneration, keysModified, listeners,
mapToWriteToDisk);
}
可以看到,我们这里的 mMap
即存放当前 SharedPreferences
文件中的键值对,而 mModified
则存放的是当时 edit()
时 put 进去的键值对,这个我们前面有所介绍。这里有个 mDiskWritesInFlight
看起来应该是表示正在等待写的操作数量。
接下来我们首先处理了 edit().clear()
操作的 mClear
标志,当我们在外面调用 clear()
方法的时候,我们会把 mClear
设置为 true,这时候我们会直接通过 mMap.clear()
清空此时文件中的键值对,然后再遍历 mModified
中新 put 进来的键值对数据放到 mMap
中。也就是说:在一次提交中,如果我们又有 put 又有 clear()
操作的话,我们只能 clear()
掉之前的键值对,这次 put()
进去的键值对还是会被写入到 XML 文件中。
// 读取
val sharedPreferences = getSharedPreferences("123", Context.MODE_PRIVATE)
// 写入
val editor = sharedPreferences.edit()
editor.putInt("1", 123)
editor.clear()
editor.apply()
Log.e("nanchen2251", "${sharedPreferences.getInt("1", 0)}")
也就是说,当我们编写下面的代码的时候,得到的打印还是 123。
然后我们接着往下看,又发现了另外一个 commit()
和 apply()
都做了调用的方法是 enqueueDiskWrite()
。
/**
* Enqueue an already-committed-to-memory result to be written
* to disk.
*
* They will be written to disk one-at-a-time in the order
* that they're enqueued.
*
* @param postWriteRunnable if non-null, we're being called
* from apply() and this is the runnable to run after
* the write proceeds. if null (from a regular commit()),
* then we're allowed to do this disk write on the main
* thread (which in addition to reducing allocations and
* creating a background thread, this has the advantage that
* we catch them in userdebug StrictMode reports to convert
* them where possible to apply() ...)
*/
private void enqueueDiskWrite(final MemoryCommitResult mcr,
final Runnable postWriteRunnable) {
final boolean isFromSyncCommit = (postWriteRunnable == null);
final Runnable writeToDiskRunnable = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
synchronized (mWritingToDiskLock) {
writeToFile(mcr, isFromSyncCommit);
}
synchronized (mLock) {
mDiskWritesInFlight--;
}
if (postWriteRunnable != null) {
postWriteRunnable.run();
}
}
};
// Typical #commit() path with fewer allocations, doing a write on
// the current thread.
if (isFromSyncCommit) {
boolean wasEmpty = false;
synchronized (mLock) {
wasEmpty = mDiskWritesInFlight == 1;
}
if (wasEmpty) {
writeToDiskRunnable.run();
return;
}
}
QueuedWork.queue(writeToDiskRunnable, !isFromSyncCommit);
}
在这个方法中,首先通过判断 postWriteRunnable
是否为 null 来判断是 apply()
还是 commit()
。然后定义了一个 Runnable
任务,在 Runnable
中先调用了 writeToFile()
进行了写入和计数器更新的操作。
然后我们再来看看这个 writeToFile()
方法做了些什么。
@GuardedBy("mWritingToDiskLock")
private void writeToFile(MemoryCommitResult mcr, boolean isFromSyncCommit) {
long startTime = 0;
long existsTime = 0;
long backupExistsTime = 0;
long outputStreamCreateTime = 0;
long writeTime = 0;
long fsyncTime = 0;
long setPermTime = 0;
long fstatTime = 0;
long deleteTime = 0;
if (DEBUG) {
startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
boolean fileExists = mFile.exists();
if (DEBUG) {
existsTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
// Might not be set, hence init them to a default value
backupExistsTime = existsTime;
}
// Rename the current file so it may be used as a backup during the next read
if (fileExists) {
boolean needsWrite = false;
// Only need to write if the disk state is older than this commit
if (mDiskStateGeneration < mcr.memoryStateGeneration) {
if (isFromSyncCommit) {
needsWrite = true;
} else {
synchronized (mLock) {
// No need to persist intermediate states. Just wait for the latest state to
// be persisted.
if (mCurrentMemoryStateGeneration == mcr.memoryStateGeneration) {
needsWrite = true;
}
}
}
}
if (!needsWrite) {
mcr.setDiskWriteResult(false, true);
return;
}
boolean backupFileExists = mBackupFile.exists();
if (DEBUG) {
backupExistsTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
// 此处需要注意一下
if (!backupFileExists) {
if (!mFile.renameTo(mBackupFile)) {
Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't rename file " + mFile
+ " to backup file " + mBackupFile);
mcr.setDiskWriteResult(false, false);
return;
}
} else {
mFile.delete();
}
}
// Attempt to write the file, delete the backup and return true as atomically as
// possible. If any exception occurs, delete the new file; next time we will restore
// from the backup.
try {
FileOutputStream str = createFileOutputStream(mFile);
if (DEBUG) {
outputStreamCreateTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
if (str == null) {
mcr.setDiskWriteResult(false, false);
return;
}
XmlUtils.writeMapXml(mcr.mapToWriteToDisk, str);
writeTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
FileUtils.sync(str);
fsyncTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
str.close();
ContextImpl.setFilePermissionsFromMode(mFile.getPath(), mMode, 0);
if (DEBUG) {
setPermTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
try {
final StructStat stat = Os.stat(mFile.getPath());
synchronized (mLock) {
mStatTimestamp = stat.st_mtim;
mStatSize = stat.st_size;
}
} catch (ErrnoException e) {
// Do nothing
}
if (DEBUG) {
fstatTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
// Writing was successful, delete the backup file if there is one.
mBackupFile.delete();
if (DEBUG) {
deleteTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
}
mDiskStateGeneration = mcr.memoryStateGeneration;
mcr.setDiskWriteResult(true, true);
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, "write: " + (existsTime - startTime) + "/"
+ (backupExistsTime - startTime) + "/"
+ (outputStreamCreateTime - startTime) + "/"
+ (writeTime - startTime) + "/"
+ (fsyncTime - startTime) + "/"
+ (setPermTime - startTime) + "/"
+ (fstatTime - startTime) + "/"
+ (deleteTime - startTime));
}
long fsyncDuration = fsyncTime - writeTime;
mSyncTimes.add((int) fsyncDuration);
mNumSync++;
if (DEBUG || mNumSync % 1024 == 0 || fsyncDuration > MAX_FSYNC_DURATION_MILLIS) {
mSyncTimes.log(TAG, "Time required to fsync " + mFile + ": ");
}
return;
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
Log.w(TAG, "writeToFile: Got exception:", e);
} catch (IOException e) {
Log.w(TAG, "writeToFile: Got exception:", e);
}
// Clean up an unsuccessfully written file
if (mFile.exists()) {
if (!mFile.delete()) {
Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't clean up partially-written file " + mFile);
}
}
mcr.setDiskWriteResult(false, false);
}
代码比较长,做了一些时间的记录和 XML 的相关处理,但最值得我们关注的还是其中打了标注的对于 mBackupFile
的处理。我们可以明显地看到,在我们写入文件的时候,我们会把此前的 XML 文件改名为一个备份文件,然后再将要写入的数据写入到一个新的文件中。如果这个过程执行成功的话,就会把备份文件删除。由此可见:即使我们每次只是添加一个键值对,也会重新写入整个文件的数据,这也说明了 SharedPreferences 只适合保存少量数据,文件太大会有性能问题。
看完了这个 writeToFile()
,我们再来看看下面做了啥。
// Typical #commit() path with fewer allocations, doing a write on
// the current thread.
if (isFromSyncCommit) {
boolean wasEmpty = false;
synchronized (mLock) {
wasEmpty = mDiskWritesInFlight == 1;
}
if (wasEmpty) {
writeToDiskRunnable.run();
return;
}
}
QueuedWork.queue(writeToDiskRunnable, !isFromSyncCommit);
可以看到,当且仅当是 commit()
并且只有一个待写入操作的时候才能直接执行到 writeToDiskRunnable.run()
,否则都会执行到 QueuedWork
的 queue()
方法,这个 QueuedWork
又是什么东西?
/** Finishers {@link #addFinisher added} and not yet {@link #removeFinisher removed} */
@GuardedBy("sLock")
private static final LinkedList<Runnable> sFinishers = new LinkedList<>();
/** Work queued via {@link #queue} */
@GuardedBy("sLock")
private static final LinkedList<Runnable> sWork = new LinkedList<>();
/**
* Internal utility class to keep track of process-global work that's outstanding and hasn't been
* finished yet.
*
* New work will be {@link #queue queued}.
*
* It is possible to add 'finisher'-runnables that are {@link #waitToFinish guaranteed to be run}.
* This is used to make sure the work has been finished.
*
* This was created for writing SharedPreference edits out asynchronously so we'd have a mechanism
* to wait for the writes in Activity.onPause and similar places, but we may use this mechanism for
* other things in the future.
*
* The queued asynchronous work is performed on a separate, dedicated thread.
*
* @hide
*/
public class QueuedWork {
/**
* Add a finisher-runnable to wait for {@link #queue asynchronously processed work}.
*
* Used by SharedPreferences$Editor#startCommit().
*
* Note that this doesn't actually start it running. This is just a scratch set for callers
* doing async work to keep updated with what's in-flight. In the common case, caller code
* (e.g. SharedPreferences) will pretty quickly call remove() after an add(). The only time
* these Runnables are run is from {@link #waitToFinish}.
*
* @param finisher The runnable to add as finisher
*/
public static void addFinisher(Runnable finisher) {
synchronized (sLock) {
sFinishers.add(finisher);
}
}
/**
* Remove a previously {@link #addFinisher added} finisher-runnable.
*
* @param finisher The runnable to remove.
*/
public static void removeFinisher(Runnable finisher) {
synchronized (sLock) {
sFinishers.remove(finisher);
}
}
/**
* Trigger queued work to be processed immediately. The queued work is processed on a separate
* thread asynchronous. While doing that run and process all finishers on this thread. The
* finishers can be implemented in a way to check weather the queued work is finished.
*
* Is called from the Activity base class's onPause(), after BroadcastReceiver's onReceive,
* after Service command handling, etc. (so async work is never lost)
*/
public static void waitToFinish() {
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
boolean hadMessages = false;
Handler handler = getHandler();
synchronized (sLock) {
if (handler.hasMessages(QueuedWorkHandler.MSG_RUN)) {
// Delayed work will be processed at processPendingWork() below
handler.removeMessages(QueuedWorkHandler.MSG_RUN);
if (DEBUG) {
hadMessages = true;
Log.d(LOG_TAG, "waiting");
}
}
// We should not delay any work as this might delay the finishers
sCanDelay = false;
}
StrictMode.ThreadPolicy oldPolicy = StrictMode.allowThreadDiskWrites();
try {
processPendingWork();
} finally {
StrictMode.setThreadPolicy(oldPolicy);
}
try {
while (true) {
Runnable finisher;
synchronized (sLock) {
finisher = sFinishers.poll();
}
if (finisher == null) {
break;
}
finisher.run();
}
} finally {
sCanDelay = true;
}
synchronized (sLock) {
long waitTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
if (waitTime > 0 || hadMessages) {
mWaitTimes.add(Long.valueOf(waitTime).intValue());
mNumWaits++;
if (DEBUG || mNumWaits % 1024 == 0 || waitTime > MAX_WAIT_TIME_MILLIS) {
mWaitTimes.log(LOG_TAG, "waited: ");
}
}
}
}
/**
* Queue a work-runnable for processing asynchronously.
*
* @param work The new runnable to process
* @param shouldDelay If the message should be delayed
*/
public static void queue(Runnable work, boolean shouldDelay) {
Handler handler = getHandler();
synchronized (sLock) {
sWork.add(work);
if (shouldDelay && sCanDelay) {
handler.sendEmptyMessageDelayed(QueuedWorkHandler.MSG_RUN, DELAY);
} else {
handler.sendEmptyMessage(QueuedWorkHandler.MSG_RUN);
}
}
}
}
简单地说,这个 QueuedWork
类里面有一个专门存放 Runnable
的两个 LinkedList
对象,他们分别对应未完成的操作 sFinishers
和正在工作的 sWork
。
我们在 waitToFinish()
方法中,会不断地去遍历执行未完成的 Runnable
。我们根据注释也知道了这个方法会在 Activity
的 onPause()
和 BroadcastReceiver
的 onReceive()
方法后调用。假设我们频繁的调用了 apply()
方法,并紧接着调用了 onPause()
,那么就可能会发生 onPause()
一直等待 QueuedWork.waitToFinish
执行完成而产生 ANR。也就是说,即使是调用了 apply()
方法去异步提交,也不是完全安全的。如果 apply()
方法使用不当,也是可能出现 ANR 的。
说了这么多,我们当然还是需要做一个总结。
apply()
没有返回值而 commit()
返回 boolean
表明修改是否提交成功 ;commit()
是把内容同步提交到硬盘的,而 apply()
先立即把修改提交到内存,然后开启一个异步的线程提交到硬盘,并且如果提交失败,你不会收到任何通知。commit()
提交是同步过程,效率会比 apply()
异步提交的速度慢,在不关心提交结果是否成功的情况下,优先考虑 apply()
方法。apply()
是使用异步线程写入磁盘,commit()
是同步写入磁盘。所以我们在主线程使用的 commit()
的时候,需要考虑是否会出现 ANR 问题。SharedPreferencesImpl
里面的对象,互斥其他操作,而当 put
、commit()
和 apply()
操作的时候都会锁住 Editor
的对象,在这样的情况下,效率会降低。基于以上缺点:
SharedPreferences
,也不要把较多数据存储到同一个 name 对应的 SharedPreferences
中,最好根据规则拆分为多个 SharedPreferences
文件。SharedPreferences
。SharedPreferences
对象的时候会读取 SharedPreferences
文件,如果文件没有读取完,就执行了 get 和 put 操作,可能会出现需要等待的情况,因此最好提前获取 SharedPreferences
对象。edit()
方法都会创建一个新的 EditorImpl
对象,不要频繁调用 edit()
方法。每日一问:谈谈 SharedPreferences 的 apply() 和 commit()
标签:message mst 解析 ignore 场景 char 轻量 XML real
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/liushilin/p/11153041.html