标签:mgr ttl cpi syslogd sns tom save rpc virtual
ps: process state 进程状态
ps - report a snapshot of the current processes
Linux系统各进程的相关信息均保存在/proc/PID目录下的各文件中
默认显示的内容很少
[root@centos65 ~]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
2018 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
2656 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@centos72 ~]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
1928 pts/0 00:00:01 bash
101855 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
显示当前终端的进程
[root@centos65 ~]# tty
/dev/pts/0
[root@centos65 ~]# sleep 10 &
[1] 2678
[root@centos65 ~]# ps
PID TTY TIME CMD
2018 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
2678 pts/0 00:00:00 sleep
2679 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
ps [OPTION]...
支持三种选项:
UNIX选项 如-A
BSD选项 如a
GNU选项 如--help
选项:默认显示当前终端中的进程
• a 选项包括所有终端中的进程
• x 选项包括不链接终端的进程
• u 选项显示进程所有者的信息
• f 选项显示进程树,相当于 --forest
• k| --sort 属性 对属性 排序,属性前加- 表示倒序
• o 属性… 选项显示定制的信息 pid、cmd、%cpu、%mem
• L 显示支持的属性列表
PID是进程的标识号。
TTY是进程所属的终端控制台。
TIME列是进程所使用的总的CPU时间。
CMD列是正在执行的命令行。
[root@centos65 ~]# ps a
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1866 tty1 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty1
1868 tty2 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty2
1871 tty3 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty3
1873 tty4 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty4
1875 tty5 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty5
1877 tty6 Ss+ 0:00 /sbin/mingetty /dev/tty6
2018 pts/0 Ss 0:00 -bash
2455 pts/1 Ss 0:00 -bash
2496 pts/1 S 0:00 su - wang
2497 pts/1 S+ 0:00 -bash
2752 pts/0 R+ 0:00 ps a
[root@centos65 ~]# su - wang
[wang@centos65 ~]$ ls
[wang@centos65 ~]$ vim /etc/fstab
[wang@centos65 ~]$ tty
/dev/pts/1
不需要用户账号登录就可以运行,机器启动就运行起来了
[root@centos72 ~]# ps ax | head
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S< 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
7 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
8 ? S 0:00 [rcu_bh]
9 ? R 0:00 [rcu_sched]
10 ? S< 0:00 [lru-add-drain]
11 ? S 0:00 [watchdog/0]
[root@centos72 ~]# ps ax | tail
882 ? Ssl 0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
906 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
967 ? Ss 0:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
968 ? S 0:00 pickup -l -t unix -u
969 ? S 0:00 qmgr -l -t unix -u
1142 pts/0 Ss 0:00 -bash
1179 ? S 0:00 [kworker/0:0]
1191 ? S 0:00 [kworker/0:1]
1195 pts/0 R+ 0:00 ps ax
1196 pts/0 D+ 0:00 -bash
USER:该进程属于的用户。
PID:该进程的进程号。
%CPU:该进程使用掉的CPU资源百分比,CPU利用率
%MEM:该进程所占用的物理内存百分比,内存利用率
VSZ:该进程使用掉的虚拟内存量(单位为Kbytes)
VSZ虚拟内存占用(操作系统给应用程序的内存大小,包括物理内存和swap内存)
vsz VSZ virtual memory size of the process in KiB (1024-byte units).
进程的虚拟内存大小为KiB(1024字节单位)。
Device mappings are currently excluded; this is subject to change. (alias vsize).
目前不包括设备映射;这一点可能会改变。(别名vsize)。
RSS:Resident Set Size,该进程占用的固定的内存量(单位为Kbytes)。
RSS真正的物理内存
TTY:该进程是在哪个终端机上面运作的,若与终端机无关,则显示“?”,
另外,tty1-tty6是本机上面的登入者进程,若为pts/0等,则表示为由网络连接进主机的进程。
STAT:该进程目前的状态,主要的状态:
R:正在运行,或者是可以运行。
S:正在中断睡眠中,可以由某些信号(signal)唤醒。
D:不可中断睡眠。
T:正在侦测或者是停止了。
Z:已经终止,但是其父进程无法正常终止它,从而变成zombic(僵尸)进程的状态。
+:前台进程。
1:多线程进程。
N:低优先级进程。
<:高优先级进程。
s:进程领导者。
L:已将页面锁定到内存中。
START:该进程被触发启动的时间。
TIME:该进程实际使用CPU运作的时间。也就是TIME时间片的累计值
COMMAND:该进程的实际命令。
[root@centos72 ~]# ps au
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 540 0.0 0.0 110088 856 tty1 Ss+ Jul08 0:00 /sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 linux
root 1928 0.0 0.2 116092 2944 pts/0 Ss Jul09 0:01 -bash
root 5073 0.0 0.1 155324 1868 pts/0 R+ 12:13 0:00 ps au
root 103122 0.0 0.2 115832 2464 pts/1 Ss+ 01:00 0:00 -bash
组合选项使用最多的,因为显示的信息很详细
[root@centos72 ~]# ps axu | tail
root 882 0.0 0.8 214424 8664 ? Ssl 16:56 0:00 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n
root 906 0.0 0.5 154588 5384 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 967 0.0 0.2 89620 2080 ? Ss 16:56 0:00 /usr/libexec/postfix/master -w
postfix 968 0.0 0.4 89724 4052 ? S 16:56 0:00 pickup -l -t unix -u
postfix 969 0.0 0.4 89792 4080 ? S 16:56 0:00 qmgr -l -t unix -u
root 1142 0.0 0.2 115968 2692 pts/0 Ss 16:56 0:00 -bash
root 1179 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 17:01 0:00 [kworker/0:0]
root 1191 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 17:06 0:00 [kworker/0:1]
root 1197 0.0 0.1 155324 1860 pts/0 R+ 17:08 0:00 ps axu
root 1198 0.0 0.0 107984 652 pts/0 R+ 17:08 0:00 tail
[root@centos72 ~]# ps axu | head
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 1 0.1 0.6 127780 6436 ? Ss 16:55 0:01 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:55 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:55 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:55 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:55 0:00 [migration/0]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:55 0:00 [rcu_bh]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? R 16:55 0:00 [rcu_sched]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< 16:55 0:00 [lru-add-drain]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S 16:55 0:00 [watchdog/0]
[root@centos72 ~]# ps auxf | head
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul08 0:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul08 0:01 \_ [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Jul08 0:00 \_ [kworker/0:0H]
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul08 0:00 \_ [migration/0]
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul08 0:00 \_ [rcu_bh]
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? R Jul08 0:09 \_ [rcu_sched]
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S< Jul08 0:00 \_ [lru-add-drain]
root 11 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul08 0:02 \_ [watchdog/0]
root 13 0.0 0.0 0 0 ? S Jul08 0:00 \_ [kdevtmpfs]
显示了进程的父子关系
进程必须放到树上的某个分支
[root@centos65 ~]# ps auxf | grep apache
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus ‘-‘? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
root 2950 0.0 0.0 103324 836 pts/0 S+ 15:00 0:00 | \_ grep --color=auto apache
apache 2300 0.0 0.5 521880 5344 ? Sl 14:20 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/httpd.worker
apache 2301 0.0 0.5 521880 5336 ? Sl 14:20 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/httpd.worker
apache 2303 0.0 0.5 521880 5340 ? Sl 14:20 0:00 \_ /usr/sbin/httpd.worker
[root@centos72 ~]# ps auxf | grep sshd
root 862 0.0 0.4 112796 4336 ? Ss Jul08 0:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 1924 0.0 0.5 154872 5756 ? Ss Jul09 0:03 \_ sshd: root@pts/0
root 103114 0.0 0.5 154588 5388 ? Ss Jul14 0:00 \_ sshd: root@pts/1
root 86615 0.0 0.0 112704 972 pts/1 S+ 16:18 0:00 \_ grep --color=auto sshd
[root@centos65 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu k cmd | head
PID CMD %CPU
1761 abrt-dump-oops -d /var/spoo 0.0
1751 /usr/sbin/abrtd 0.0
1379 /usr/sbin/acpid 0.0
37 [aio/0] 0.0
14 [async/mgr] 0.0
23 [ata_aux] 0.0
24 [ata_sff/0] 0.0
1808 /usr/sbin/atd 0.0
1203 auditd 0.0
打开另外一个终端
[root@centos72 ~]# id wang
uid=1000(wang) gid=1000(wang) groups=1000(wang)
[root@centos72 ~]# su - wang
Last login: Thu May 9 16:22:21 CST 2019 on pts/1
[wang@centos72 ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user wang.
Changing password for wang.
(current) UNIX password:
uid,euid都表示有效用户是root,真正的用户是wang
因为这是因为普通用户具有suid权限
[root@centos72 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,ni,%cpu,uid,euid,ruid | tail
1252 [kworker/0:2] 0 0.0 0 0 0
1269 [kworker/0:0] 0 0.0 0 0 0
1270 [kworker/1:0] 0 0.0 0 0 0
1273 [kworker/1:2] 0 0.0 0 0 0
1276 su - wang 0 0.0 0 0 0
1277 -bash 0 0.0 1000 1000 1000
1300 passwd 0 0.1 0 0 1000
1305 [kworker/0:1] 0 0.0 0 0 0
1308 ps axo pid,cmd,ni,%cpu,uid, 0 0.0 0 0 0
1309 tail 0 0.0 0 0 0
按照内存排序,在6上不支持
如果使用图形化界面,切换到命令行就会节约很大的内存
[root@centos65 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k %mem | tail
2300 /usr/sbin/httpd.worker 0.0 0.5
2301 /usr/sbin/httpd.worker 0.0 0.5
2303 /usr/sbin/httpd.worker 0.0 0.5
2451 sshd: root@pts/1 0.0 0.4
2455 -bash 0.0 0.4
2496 su - wang 0.0 0.1
2497 -bash 0.0 0.4
3156 sleep 60 0.0 0.0
3160 ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k 0.0 0.1
3161 tail 0.0 0.0
[root@centos72 ~]# ps axo pid,cmd,%cpu,%mem k %mem | tail
1507 sshd: root@pts/0 0.0 0.5
1531 sshd: root@pts/1 0.0 0.5
766 /usr/sbin/rsyslogd -n 0.0 0.5
526 /usr/bin/VGAuthService -s 0.0 0.6
527 /usr/bin/vmtoolsd 0.0 0.6
372 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd-ud 0.0 0.6
1 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd -- 0.0 0.6
539 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager -- 0.0 0.9
541 /usr/lib/polkit-1/polkitd - 0.0 1.1
765 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sb 0.0 1.9
内存的使用情况:
[root@centos72 ~]# free -h
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 974M 98M 716M 7.7M 159M 705M
Swap: 2.0G 0B 2.0G
显示线程,可能包含LWP和NLWP列。
[root@centos72 ~]# ps L | head
%cpu %CPU
%mem %MEM
_left LLLLLLLL
_left2 L2L2L2L2
_right RRRRRRRR
_right2 R2R2R2R2
_unlimited U
_unlimited2 U2
alarm ALARM
args COMMAND
[root@centos72 ~]# ps L | tail
user USER
userns USERNS
util C
utsns UTSNS
uunit UUNIT
vsize VSZ
vsz VSZ
wchan WCHAN
wname WCHAN
zone ZONE
6和7版本的属性数量不一样
[root@centos65 ~]# ps L | wc
154 308 3388
[root@centos72 ~]# ps L | wc
169 338 3718
-C cmdlist 指定命令,多个命令用,分隔
-L 显示线程
-e: 显示所有进程,相当于-A
-f: 显示完整格式程序信息
-F: 显示更完整格式的进程信息
-H: 以进程层级格式显示进程相关信息
-u userlist 指定有效的用户ID或名称
-U userlist 指定真正的用户ID或名称
-g gid或groupname 指定有效的gid或组名称
-G gid或groupname 指定真正的gid或组名称
-p pid 显示指pid的进程
--ppid pid 显示属于pid的子进程
-M 显示SELinux信息,相当于Z
此选项常用
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -e | head
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:01 systemd
2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
3 ? 00:00:00 ksoftirqd/0
5 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:0H
7 ? 00:00:00 migration/0
8 ? 00:00:00 rcu_bh
9 ? 00:00:00 rcu_sched
10 ? 00:00:00 lru-add-drain
11 ? 00:00:00 watchdog/0
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -e | tail
967 ? 00:00:00 master
968 ? 00:00:00 pickup
969 ? 00:00:00 qmgr
1142 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
1179 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:0
1191 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:1
1206 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:2
1207 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:3
1228 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
1229 pts/0 00:00:00 tail
显示的内容更多
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -f
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1928 1924 0 Jul09 pts/0 00:00:01 -bash
root 76668 1928 0 12:54 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -f
第4列是线程编号
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -L
PID LWP TTY TIME CMD
1142 1142 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
1240 1240 pts/0 00:00:00 ps
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -Lef | grep sshd
root 877 1 877 0 1 16:56 ? 00:00:00 /usr/sbin/sshd -D
root 906 877 906 0 1 16:56 ? 00:00:00 sshd: root@pts/0
root 1238 1142 1238 0 1 17:21 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto sshd
-u userlist 指定有效的用户ID或名称
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -u root | head
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:39 systemd
2 ? 00:00:00 kthreadd
3 ? 00:00:01 ksoftirqd/0
5 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:0H
7 ? 00:00:00 migration/0
8 ? 00:00:00 rcu_bh
9 ? 00:00:09 rcu_sched
10 ? 00:00:00 lru-add-drain
11 ? 00:00:02 watchdog/0
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -u root | tail
1928 pts/0 00:00:01 bash
3264 ? 00:00:02 kworker/u256:2
86289 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:0
86830 ? 00:00:00 kworker/u256:0
86866 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:1
87108 ? 00:00:00 kworker/0:2
87219 pts/1 00:00:00 ps
87220 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
103114 ? 00:00:00 sshd
103122 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
默认按PID显示的
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -o pid,cmd,%cpu | head
PID CMD %CPU
1142 -bash 0.0
1248 ps -o pid,cmd,%cpu 0.0
1249 head 0.0
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -C vim
PID TTY TIME CMD
3266 pts/1 00:00:00 vim
注意shebang机制一定要写,否则看不到脚本在运行
查看每个终端的进程
[root@centos65 ~]# ll f1.sh
-rwxr-xr-x. 1 root root 23 May 9 15:32 f1.sh
[root@centos65 ~]# cat f1.sh
#!/bin/bash
sleep 60
[root@centos65 ~]# bash f1.sh
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -C f1.sh
PID TTY TIME CMD
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -C bash
PID TTY TIME CMD
2018 pts/0 00:00:00 bash
2455 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
3521 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
两个bash,一个是登录bash,一个是执行脚本的bash
[root@centos65 ~]# w
15:40:11 up 1:27, 2 users, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.05
USER TTY FROM LOGIN@ IDLE JCPU PCPU WHAT
root pts/0 192.168.137.1 14:14 0.00s 0.30s 0.00s w
root pts/1 192.168.137.1 14:24 44.00s 0.13s 0.00s bash f1.sh
sshd(1632)─┬─sshd(2014)───bash(2018)───pstree(3566)
│ └─sshd(2451)───bash(2455)───bash(3554)───sleep(3555)
注意不同风格的选项可以混用,但是不是全部的,这样就可以关注特定的属性
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -C vim,init o pid,cmd,%mem
PID CMD %MEM
1 /sbin/init 0.1
3650 vim /etc/fstab 0.4
PSR表示进程运行在那颗CPU上
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -F
UID PID PPID C SZ RSS PSR STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1142 906 0 28992 2692 0 16:56 pts/0 00:00:00 -bash
root 1250 1142 0 38831 1844 0 17:42 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -F
目前只有1颗CPU
如果有多颗CPU就会进行切换,因为进程是有时间片的
时间到了就会释放CPU的内存空间
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -C vim,init o pid,cmd,%mem,psr
PID CMD %MEM PSR
1 /sbin/init 0.1 0
3650 vim /etc/fstab 0.4 0
开启2个CPU,另外开启4个终端
并且执行相同的命令
[root@centos65 ~]# dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/null
[root@centos65 ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 142
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz
Stepping: 9
CPU MHz: 2903.999
BogoMIPS: 5807.99
Hypervisor vendor: VMware
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -C vim,dd o pid,cmd,%mem,tty,psr
PID CMD %MEM TT PSR
3853 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/1 1
3881 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/2 1
4059 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/3 0
4118 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/4 0
使用watch查看
[root@centos65 ~]# watch -n0.1 ps -C vim,dd o pid,cmd,%mem,tty,psr
在6上没有看到变化,在7上看看
开启2个CPU,3个终端
[root@centos72 ~]# lscpu
Architecture: x86_64
CPU op-mode(s): 32-bit, 64-bit
Byte Order: Little Endian
CPU(s): 2
On-line CPU(s) list: 0,1
Thread(s) per core: 1
Core(s) per socket: 1
Socket(s): 2
NUMA node(s): 1
Vendor ID: GenuineIntel
CPU family: 6
Model: 142
Model name: Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-7500U CPU @ 2.70GHz
Stepping: 9
CPU MHz: 2903.999
BogoMIPS: 5807.99
Hypervisor vendor: VMware
Virtualization type: full
L1d cache: 32K
L1i cache: 32K
L2 cache: 256K
L3 cache: 4096K
NUMA node0 CPU(s): 0,1
Flags: fpu vme de pse tsc msr pae mce cx8 apic sep mtrr pge mca cmov pat pse36 clflush mmx fxsr sse sse2 ss syscall nx pdpe1gb rdtscp lm constant_tsc arch_perfmon nopl xtopology tsc_reliable nonstop_tsc eagerfpu pni pclmulqdq ssse3 fma cx16 pcid sse4_1 sse4_2 x2apic movbe popcnt tsc_deadline_timer aes xsave avx f16c rdrand hypervisor lahf_lm abm 3dnowprefetch fsgsbase tsc_adjust bmi1 avx2 smep bmi2 invpcid rdseed adx smap xsaveopt arat
可以很明显的看到变化,说明和版本有关系
7这样可以充分利用CPU资源。避免了一核有难七核围观的尴尬情况
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C vim,dd o pid,cmd,%mem,tty,psr
PID CMD %MEM TT PSR
8323 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/1 0
8369 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/2 0
8485 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/3 1
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C vim,dd o pid,cmd,%mem,tty,psr
PID CMD %MEM TT PSR
8323 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/1 0
8369 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/2 1
8485 dd if=/dev/zero of=/dev/nul 0.0 pts/3 1
普通用户wang执行passwd有suid权限,生效的是root
而发起这个进程的用户是wang
[root@centos72 ~]# su - wang
[wang@centos72 ~]$ ls
[wang@centos72 ~]$ pwd
/home/wang
[wang@centos72 ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user wang.
Changing password for wang.
(current) UNIX password:
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -u wang
PID TTY TIME CMD
9274 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -U wang
PID TTY TIME CMD
9274 pts/1 00:00:00 bash
9390 pts/1 00:00:00 passwd
当普通用户运行具有suid权限的文件时候,身份就变成了这个文件的所有者
[root@centos72 ~]# which passwd
/usr/bin/passwd
[root@centos72 ~]# ll /usr/bin/passwd
-rwsr-xr-x. 1 root root 27832 Jun 10 2014 /usr/bin/passwd
[root@centos72 ~]# file /usr/bin/passwd
/usr/bin/passwd: setuid ELF 64-bit LSB shared object, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked (uses shared libs), for GNU/Linux 2.6.32, BuildID[sha1]=1e5735bf7b317e60bcb907f1989951f6abd50e8d, stripped
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -p 1
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:02 systemd
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -p 1
PID TTY TIME CMD
1 ? 00:00:01 init
部分显示进程信息
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -p 1 o pid,%mem,cmd
PID %MEM CMD
1 0.1 /sbin/init
普通用户执行了passwd
[root@centos65 ~]# su - wang
[wang@centos65 ~]$ ls
1.sh
[wang@centos65 ~]$ vim /etc/fstab
[wang@centos65 ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user wang.
Changing password for wang.
(current) UNIX password:
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -C passwd o pid,%mem,cmd
PID %MEM CMD
5229 0.1 passwd
[root@centos72 ~]# su - wang
[wang@centos72 ~]$ ls
[wang@centos72 ~]$ pwd
/home/wang
[wang@centos72 ~]$ passwd
Changing password for user wang.
Changing password for wang.
(current) UNIX password:
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -C passwd o pid,%mem,cmd
PID %MEM CMD
9390 0.1 passwd
C表示CPU的利用率
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -ef | head
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 14:12 ? 00:00:01 /sbin/init
root 2 0 0 14:12 ? 00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root 3 2 0 14:12 ? 00:00:00 [migration/0]
root 4 2 0 14:12 ? 00:00:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
root 5 2 0 14:12 ? 00:00:00 [stopper/0]
root 6 2 0 14:12 ? 00:00:00 [watchdog/0]
root 7 2 0 14:12 ? 00:00:01 [events/0]
root 8 2 0 14:12 ? 00:00:00 [events/0]
root 9 2 0 14:12 ? 00:00:00 [events_long/0]
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -ax | head
PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND
1 ? Ss 0:39 /usr/lib/systemd/systemd --switched-root --system --deserialize 22
2 ? S 0:00 [kthreadd]
3 ? S 0:01 [ksoftirqd/0]
5 ? S< 0:00 [kworker/0:0H]
7 ? S 0:00 [migration/0]
8 ? S 0:00 [rcu_bh]
9 ? R 0:09 [rcu_sched]
10 ? S< 0:00 [lru-add-drain]
11 ? S 0:02 [watchdog/0]
[root@centos72 ~]# ps -ax | tail
3264 ? S 0:02 [kworker/u256:2]
85397 ? S 0:00 pickup -l -t unix -u
86289 ? S 0:00 [kworker/0:0]
86830 ? S 0:00 [kworker/u256:0]
86866 ? S 0:00 [kworker/0:1]
87108 ? S 0:00 [kworker/0:2]
87347 pts/1 R+ 0:00 ps -ax
87348 pts/1 R+ 0:00 tail
103114 ? Ss 0:00 sshd: root@pts/1
103122 pts/1 Ss 0:00 -bash
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -axo pid,cmd,%cpu | head
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus ‘-‘? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
PID CMD %CPU
1 /sbin/init 0.0
2 [kthreadd] 0.0
3 [migration/0] 0.0
4 [ksoftirqd/0] 0.0
5 [stopper/0] 0.0
6 [watchdog/0] 0.0
7 [events/0] 0.0
8 [events/0] 0.0
9 [events_long/0] 0.0
按照命令来排序
[root@centos65 ~]# ps -axo pid,cmd,%cpu --sort cmd | head
Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus ‘-‘? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.8/FAQ
PID CMD %CPU
1761 abrt-dump-oops -d /var/spoo 0.0
1751 /usr/sbin/abrtd 0.0
1379 /usr/sbin/acpid 0.0
37 [aio/0] 0.0
14 [async/mgr] 0.0
23 [ata_aux] 0.0
24 [ata_sff/0] 0.0
1808 /usr/sbin/atd 0.0
1203 auditd 0.0
--ppid pid 显示属于pid的子进程
注意不会显示线程
[root@centos72 ~]# pstree -p
systemd(1)─┬─NetworkManager(539)─┬─{NetworkManager}(570)
│ └─{NetworkManager}(572)
├─VGAuthService(526)
├─agetty(552)
├─auditd(501)───{auditd}(502)
├─crond(545)
├─dbus-daemon(529)───{dbus-daemon}(538)
├─httpd(2210)─┬─httpd(2212)
│ ├─httpd(2213)
│ ├─httpd(2214)
│ ├─httpd(2215)
│ └─httpd(2216)
├─master(849)─┬─pickup(6815)
│ └─qmgr(851)
├─polkitd(541)─┬─{polkitd}(564)
│ ├─{polkitd}(565)
│ ├─{polkitd}(566)
│ ├─{polkitd}(567)
│ └─{polkitd}(568)
├─rsyslogd(766)─┬─{rsyslogd}(769)
│ └─{rsyslogd}(770)
├─sshd(763)─┬─sshd(1507)───bash(1511)
│ ├─sshd(1531)───bash(1535)───pstree(10043)
│ ├─sshd(8337)───bash(8345)───dd(8369)
│ └─sshd(8457)───bash(8465)───dd(8485)
├─systemd-journal(347)
├─systemd-logind(528)
├─systemd-udevd(372)
├─tuned(765)─┬─{tuned}(1006)
│ ├─{tuned}(1007)
│ ├─{tuned}(1008)
│ └─{tuned}(1022)
└─vmtoolsd(527)───{vmtoolsd}(553)
[root@centos72 ~]# ps --ppid 2210
PID TTY TIME CMD
2212 ? 00:00:00 httpd
2213 ? 00:00:00 httpd
2214 ? 00:00:00 httpd
2215 ? 00:00:00 httpd
2216 ? 00:00:00 httpd
[root@centos65 ~]# pstree
init─┬─abrt-dump-oops
├─abrtd
├─acpid
├─atd
├─auditd───{auditd}
├─automount───4*[{automount}]
├─crond
├─dbus-daemon───{dbus-daemon}
├─dnsmasq
├─hald─┬─hald-runner─┬─hald-addon-acpi
│ │ └─hald-addon-inpu
│ └─{hald}
├─httpd.worker───3*[httpd.worker───26*[{httpd.worker}]]
├─ksmtuned───sleep
├─libvirtd───10*[{libvirtd}]
├─master─┬─pickup
│ └─qmgr
├─6*[mingetty]
├─rpc.idmapd
├─rpc.mountd
├─rpc.rquotad
├─rpc.statd
├─rpcbind
├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
├─sshd─┬─sshd───bash
│ └─sshd───bash───pstree
├─udevd───2*[udevd]
└─xinetd
[root@centos65 ~]# ps --ppid 2298
PID TTY TIME CMD
2300 ? 00:00:00 httpd.worker
2301 ? 00:00:00 httpd.worker
2303 ? 00:00:00 httpd.worker
标签:mgr ttl cpi syslogd sns tom save rpc virtual
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/wang618/p/11191017.html