标签:hot auth tin version 服务 sch rod set mave
Spring是一个开源框架,它由Rod Johnson创建。它是为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的。
Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情。
然而,Spring的用途不仅限于服务器端的开发。从简单性、可测试性和松耦合的角度而言,任何Java应用都可以从Spring中受益。
目的:解决企业应用开发的复杂性
功能:使用基本的JavaBean代替EJB,并提供了更多的企业应用功能
范围:任何Java应用
简单来说,Spring是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架。
3.1 id:在容器中查找Bean的id(唯一、且不能以/开头)
3.2 class:bean的完整类名
3.3 name:在容器中查找Bean的名字(唯一、允许以/开头、允许多个值,多个值之间用逗号或空格隔开)
3.4 scope:(singleton|prototype)默认是singleton
3.4.1 singleton(单例模式):在每个Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义对应一个对象实例
3.4.2 prototype(原型模式/多例模式):一个bean定义对应多个对象实例
3.4 abstract:将一个bean定义成抽象bean(抽象bean是不能实例化的),抽象类一定要定义成抽象bean,非抽象类也可以定义成抽象bean
3.5 parent:指定一个父bean(必须要有继承关系才行)
3.6 init-method:指定bean的初始化方法
3.7 constructor-arg:使用有参数构造方法创建javaBean
1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" 2 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd"> 4 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> 5 <groupId>com.yuan</groupId> 6 <artifactId>T226_Spring</artifactId> 7 <packaging>war</packaging> 8 <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> 9 <name>T226_Spring Maven Webapp</name> 10 <url>http://maven.apache.org</url> 11 <dependencies> 12 <dependency> 13 <groupId>junit</groupId> 14 <artifactId>junit</artifactId> 15 <version>4.12</version> 16 <scope>test</scope> 17 </dependency> 18 19 <dependency> 20 <groupId>mysql</groupId> 21 <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> 22 <version>5.1.44</version> 23 </dependency> 24 25 <dependency> 26 <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> 27 <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> 28 <version>4.0.1</version> 29 <scope>provided</scope> 30 </dependency> 31 <dependency> 32 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> 33 <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> 34 <version>4.3.10.RELEASE</version> 35 </dependency> 36 37 </dependencies> 38 <build> 39 <finalName>T226_Spring</finalName> 40 <plugins> 41 <plugin> 42 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> 43 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> 44 <version>3.7.0</version> 45 <configuration> 46 <source>1.8</source> 47 <target>1.8</target> 48 <encoding>UTF-8</encoding> 49 </configuration> 50 </plugin> 51 </plugins> 52 </build> 53 </project>
注:这里需要安装一个spring插件,也可以不安装,因为我是没有安装的,所以不能介绍给大家,如果有需要的话可以百度查看安装教程
其实只需要在xml文件中插入一下代码就欧克了!
1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 2 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 4 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 5 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 6 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 7 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd 10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> 11 </beans>
接下来看一下xml的配置
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> 2 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 default-autowire="byName" 5 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 6 xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 7 xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 8 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd 9 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 10 http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.0.xsd 11 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd"> 12 <bean class="com.yuan.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2" id="userBiz"></bean> 13 <bean class="com.yuan.ioc.web.UserAction" id="yyy"> 14 <!-- set注入用property标签 --> 15 <!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> --> 16 <!-- <property name="uname" value="zs"></property> 17 <property name="age" value="19"></property> --> 18 <!-- 构造注入用constructor-arg标签 --> 19 <constructor-arg name="uname" value="ls"></constructor-arg> 20 <constructor-arg name="age" value="19"></constructor-arg> 21 <property name="hobby"> 22 <list> 23 <value>游戏</value> 24 <value>听歌</value> 25 <value>篮球</value> 26 </list> 27 </property> 28 </bean> 29 30 31 <bean class="com.yuan.ioc.web.OrderAction" id="xxx"> 32 <!-- <property name="userBiz" ref="userBiz"></property> --> 33 </bean> 34 35 36 </beans>
1 package com.yuan.ioc.biz; 2 3 /** 4 * 通过企业的案例来讲解使用spring--ioc的必要性 5 * v1.0 :实现游戏中的上传功能 6 * v2.0 :对游戏的上传功能进行优化 7 * 8 * ioc的具体体现 9 * @authorly 10 * 11 */ 12 public interface UserBiz { 13 14 public void upload(); 15 16 }
写两个类实现上面的接口
UserBizImpl1
1 package com.yuan.ioc.biz.impl; 2 3 import com.yuan.ioc.biz.UserBiz; 4 5 public class UserBizImpl1 implements UserBiz { 6 7 @Override 8 public void upload() { 9 System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能"); 10 11 } 12 13 14 }
UserBizImpl2
1 package com.yuan.ioc.biz.impl; 2 3 import com.yuan.ioc.biz.UserBiz; 4 5 public class UserBizImpl2 implements UserBiz { 6 7 @Override 8 public void upload() { 9 System.out.println("开始优化性能的代码"); 10 System.out.println("实现用户上传的功能"); 11 12 } 13 14 15 }
实体类 UserAction
1 package com.yuan.ioc.web; 2 3 import java.util.List; 4 5 import com.yuan.ioc.biz.UserBiz; 6 7 /** 8 * IOC的注入方式及各类类型 9 * set注入: 10 * 基本类型与String 属性uname 11 * 数组 List<String> hobby 12 * 自定义类型 userBiz 13 * 14 * 构造注入 15 * 自动装配 16 * spring4之后出现的 17 * byType 根据配置的Bean中的接口,在spring的上下文 18 * byName 根据配置的Bean中的接口名字,在spring的上下文 19 * 20 * 21 * @author ly 22 * 23 */ 24 public class UserAction { 25 26 private UserBiz userBiz; 27 private String uname; 28 private int age; 29 private List<String> hobby; 30 31 32 33 public UserAction(String uname, int age) { 34 super(); 35 this.uname = uname; 36 this.age = age; 37 } 38 39 public UserAction() { 40 super(); 41 } 42 43 public List<String> getHobby() { 44 return hobby; 45 } 46 47 public void setHobby(List<String> hobby) { 48 this.hobby = hobby; 49 } 50 51 public UserBiz getUserBiz() { 52 return userBiz; 53 } 54 55 public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) { 56 this.userBiz = userBiz; 57 } 58 59 public void upload() { 60 userBiz.upload(); 61 } 62 63 /** 64 * 注入问题 65 */ 66 public void test1() { 67 System.out.println(this.uname); 68 System.out.println(this.age); 69 System.out.println(this.hobby); 70 } 71 72 }
实体类 OrderAction
1 package com.yuan.ioc.web; 2 3 import com.yuan.ioc.biz.UserBiz; 4 5 public class OrderAction { 6 7 private UserBiz userBiz; 8 9 public UserBiz getUserBiz() { 10 return userBiz; 11 } 12 13 public void setUserBiz(UserBiz userBiz) { 14 this.userBiz = userBiz; 15 } 16 17 public void upload() { 18 userBiz.upload(); 19 } 20 21 22 }
测试类 IocTest
1 package com.yuan.ioc.test; 2 3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 4 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; 5 6 import com.yuan.ioc.web.OrderAction; 7 import com.yuan.ioc.web.UserAction; 8 9 public class IocTest { 10 11 public static void main(String[] args) { 12 13 UserAction userAction = new UserAction(); 14 userAction.upload(); 15 16 ApplicationContext springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml"); 17 UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("yyy"); 18 OrderAction orderAction = (OrderAction) springContext.getBean("xxx"); 19 userAction.upload(); 20 orderAction.upload(); 21 userAction.test1(); 22 23 } 24 25 }
改变spring-context.xml中的配置
<bean class="com.yuan.ioc.biz.impl.UserBizImpl2" id="userBiz"></bean>
* 基本类型与String 属性uname
* 数组 List<String> hobby
* 自定义类型 userBiz
spring4之后出现的
* byType 根据配置的Bean中的接口,在spring的上下文
* byName 根据配置的Bean中的接口名字,在spring的上下文
自动装配只需要更改是spring-context.xml中的default-autowire="byName"或者default-autowire="byType",然后再依次尝试更改bean中的class和id的值
1 package com.yuan.ioc.listener; 2 3 import javax.servlet.ServletContext; 4 import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent; 5 import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener; 6 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebListener; 7 8 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 9 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; 10 11 12 /** 13 * spring 作为管理整个工程中的所有的JavaBean, 14 * 那么如何在用户发送请求的时候能够访问到指定的JavaBean 15 * 16 * 处理方式: 17 * 在监听器中将spring的上下文交给tomcat的上下文中进行管理 18 * 浏览器请求-->request-->servletContext-->springContext-->任意的JavaBean 19 * @author ly 20 * 21 */ 22 @WebListener 23 public class SpringLoaderListener implements ServletContextListener { 24 25 @Override 26 public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce) { 27 28 System.out.println("tomcat一启动就触发了...."); 29 ServletContext tomcatContext = sce.getServletContext(); 30 String springXmlLocation = tomcatContext.getInitParameter("springXmlLocation"); 31 System.out.println("spring的上下文配置文件"+springXmlLocation); 32 ApplicationContext springContext =null; 33 if(springXmlLocation == null || "".equals(springXmlLocation)) { 34 35 springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml"); 36 }else { 37 springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(springXmlLocation); 38 } 39 tomcatContext.setAttribute("spring_key", springContext); 40 41 } 42 43 44 }
1 package com.yuan.ioc.web; 2 3 import java.io.IOException; 4 5 import javax.servlet.ServletException; 6 import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet; 7 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet; 8 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; 9 import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; 10 11 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 12 13 @WebServlet("/user") 14 public class UserServlet extends HttpServlet { 15 16 @Override 17 protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { 18 doPost(req, resp); 19 } 20 21 @Override 22 protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { 23 System.out.println("处理用户请求"); 24 ApplicationContext springContext = (ApplicationContext) req.getServletContext().getAttribute("spring_key"); 25 UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("yyy"); 26 userAction.upload(); 27 } 28 29 }
测试 IocTest
1 package com.yuan.ioc.test; 2 3 import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; 4 import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; 5 6 import com.yuan.ioc.web.OrderAction; 7 import com.yuan.ioc.web.UserAction; 8 9 public class IocTest { 10 11 public static void main(String[] args) { 12 13 // UserAction userAction = new UserAction(); 14 // userAction.upload(); 15 16 ApplicationContext springContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("/spring-context.xml"); 17 UserAction userAction = (UserAction) springContext.getBean("yyy"); 18 OrderAction orderAction = (OrderAction) springContext.getBean("xxx"); 19 userAction.upload(); 20 orderAction.upload(); 21 // userAction.test1(); 22 23 } 24 25 }
标签:hot auth tin version 服务 sch rod set mave
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/ly-0919/p/11336329.html