标签：datafile oracl 报错 输入 运行时 事务控制 sax 并且 xxx
01.表空间的创建和删除
Spool 目录 （把sql语句都记录在txt文件中）
spool e:\xxx.txt
Spool off 结束
SQL> --清除屏幕信息
SQL> clear screen
SQL> --查看表空间
SQL> select * from v$tablespace;
SQL> --设置sql语句显示的长度
SQL> set linesize 500;
SQL> select * from v$tablespace;
SQL> --创建表空间
SQL> create tablespace t11
datafile ‘E:\U2\t11.dbf‘
size 200m
autoextend on next 20 maxsize unlimited;
表空间已创建。
SQL> select * from v$tablespace;
SQL> --查看表空间 是否是 自动扩容
SQL> select tablespace_name,autoextensible from dba_data_files;
SQL> --取消自动扩容
SQL> alter database datafile ‘E:\U2\t11.dbf‘ autoextend off;
数据库已更改。
SQL> --开启
SQL> alter database datafile ‘E:\U2\t11.dbf‘ autoextend on;
数据库已更改。
SQL> --删除表空间
SQL> drop tablespace t11;
表空间已删除。
SQL> select * from v$tablespace;
SQL> --只是删除了表空间 但是数据文件还在
SQL> --删除表空间的同时，删除数据文件
SQL> drop tablespace t11 including contents and datafiles;
删除表空间，文件还在！
drop tablespace 空间名
including contents and datafiles
cascade constraint
drop user 用户名 cascade
02.创建用户
SQL> --创建用户 并且分配默认的表空间 如果没有指定 则在users表空间中 SQL> create user wym identified by wym default tablespace t10 ; 用户已创建。 SQL> --授权 SQL> grant connect,resource to t11; 授权成功。 SQL> --切换用户 SQL> conn wym/wym; SQL> conn / as sysdba; 已连接。 SQL> --使用dba 查询所有的用户名以及默认的表空间 SQL> select username,default_tablespace from dba_users; --更换用户的默认表空间 alter user 用户名 default tablespace 表空间的名称！ --修改用户名密码 SQL> alter user 用户名 identified by 新密码 SQL> --删除用户 以及相关的所有信息 SQL> drop user t11 cascade;
create table DEPT ( deptno NUMBER(2) not null, dname VARCHAR2(20), loc VARCHAR2(13) ); alter table DEPT add constraint PK_DEPT primary key (DEPTNO); create table TEACHER ( tno NUMBER(4) not null, tname VARCHAR2(30) not null, tid CHAR(18), gendar CHAR(3), birthdate DATE, job VARCHAR2(20), hiredate DATE, sal NUMBER(7,2), deptno NUMBER(2), mgrno NUMBER(4), comm NUMBER(7,2) ); insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc) values (40, ‘人力部‘, ‘北京海淀‘); insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc) values (30, ‘产品部‘, ‘北京海淀‘); insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc) values (20, ‘招生部‘, ‘上海虹桥‘); insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc) values (10, ‘研究院‘, ‘北京海淀‘); insert into DEPT (deptno, dname, loc) values (50, ‘系统部‘, ‘北京昌平‘); commit; insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1002, ‘赵辉‘, ‘110101760609001 ‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘09-06-1976‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘23-05-2006 02:40:40‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 29370.95, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1003, ‘杨利乐‘, ‘110101198705256045‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘25-05-1987‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 7134.32, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1004, ‘王益辉‘, ‘110101199108154770‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘15-08-1991‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘营销专员‘, to_date(‘16-01-2012 03:12:43‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 30737.36, 20, null, 2300.00); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1006, ‘秦璐璐‘, ‘110101199004153068‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘14-04-1990‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘20-06-2012 00:47:09‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 9013.25, 10, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1007, ‘梁改焕‘, ‘110101196911206548‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘20-11-1969‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘13-06-2006 23:07:02‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 8664.16, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1008, ‘冯爱仙‘, ‘110101196804021521‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘02-04-1968‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘06-06-2006 13:41:50‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 29936.29, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1009, ‘秦亚杰‘, ‘110101196312163531‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘16-12-1963‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘13-07-2005 06:32:30‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 24991.44, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1010, ‘刘浩星‘, ‘110101198806283516‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘28-06-1988‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 22645.92, null, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1011, ‘秦春叶‘, ‘110101197103033540‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘03-03-1971‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘07-07-2007 16:02:04‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 31653.23, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1012, ‘陈水花‘, ‘110101192811043026‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘04-11-1928‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘29-01-2005 23:21:59‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 29773.37, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1013, ‘马付妮‘, ‘110101195806133522‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘13-06-1958‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘研发‘, to_date(‘17-11-2004 08:54:04‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 17041.60, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1015, ‘刘得安‘, ‘110101195210083518‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘08-10-1952‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘13-03-2005 23:25:37‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 30356.99, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1016, ‘高利芹‘, ‘110101198307276020‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘27-07-1983‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 25751.36, null, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1017, ‘刘志刚‘, ‘110101197806164493‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘16-06-1978‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘10-05-2008 13:46:33‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 22344.73, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1018, ‘高心立‘, ‘110101194102076011‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘07-02-1941‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘03-03-2005 15:17:07‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 19981.02, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1019, ‘徐丽‘, ‘11010119790809354X‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘09-08-1979‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘研发‘, to_date(‘09-12-2009 18:37:22‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 10950.33, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1021, ‘刘志红‘, ‘110101196504284452‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘28-04-1965‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘20-09-2011 10:51:33‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 7122.60, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1022, ‘孔鹏飞‘, ‘110101198603304014‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘30-03-1986‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘人力资源师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 7045.28, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1023, ‘李建坡‘, ‘110101731107301 ‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘07-11-1973‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘04-07-2009 06:28:20‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 21133.91, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1024, ‘冯爱敏‘, ‘110101196907283840‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘18-07-1969‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘营销专员‘, to_date(‘12-09-2005 22:41:06‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 3360.91, 20, null, 50000.00); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1025, ‘薛栓成‘, ‘110101400710051 ‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘10-07-1940‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘03-09-2007 14:55:06‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 12136.65, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1026, ‘牛伟伟‘, ‘11010119851120602X‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘20-11-1985‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 6622.66, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1027, ‘郭香云‘, ‘110101196010154525‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘15-10-1960‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘03-05-2005 13:01:22‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 26436.18, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1028, ‘朱花枝‘, ‘110101195605154028‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘15-05-1956‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘研发‘, to_date(‘11-09-2007 07:41:01‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 10095.22, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1029, ‘李岗‘, ‘110101196505163095‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘16-05-1965‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘09-11-2007 17:26:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 23928.84, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1030, ‘李军会‘, ‘110101197706152524‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘15-06-1977‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘营销专员‘, to_date(‘12-05-2007 19:48:21‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 3492.19, 20, null, 25000.00); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1031, ‘孙龙举‘, ‘110101198908306037‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘30-08-1989‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 4323.84, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1032, ‘韩朝旭‘, ‘110101199003270513‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘27-03-1900‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘人力资源师‘, to_date(‘11-09-2010 17:54:30‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 13740.92, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1033, ‘孙少光‘, ‘110101198809274535‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘27-09-1988‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 19778.62, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1035, ‘邓香敏‘, ‘110101196607163109‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘16-07-1966‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘人力资源师‘, to_date(‘12-04-2007 17:47:14‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 29463.38, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1037, ‘霍振方‘, ‘110101198411070014‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘07-11-1984‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 23731.31, 40, 1087, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1038, ‘许双鸽‘, ‘110101781217004 ‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘17-12-1978‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘05-09-2007 18:45:00‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 16512.52, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1040, ‘张春红‘, ‘110101197806176089‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘17-06-1978‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘21-11-2004 06:52:30‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 31728.83, 10, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1041, ‘卢玉莲‘, ‘110101510606004 ‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘06-06-1951‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘人力资源师‘, to_date(‘30-03-2009 17:05:45‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 17596.43, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1042, ‘李军会‘, ‘110101197706152524‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘15-06-1977‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘13-06-2008 03:24:47‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 8443.59, 50, 1008, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1043, ‘朱水娃‘, ‘110101195210033512‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘03-10-1952‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘11-10-2009 03:40:53‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 9123.09, 30, 1008, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1045, ‘高大荣‘, ‘110101195504073528‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘07-04-1955‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘07-12-2005 14:56:05‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 4000.00, 10, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1046, ‘秦付根‘, ‘110101195301034035‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘03-01-1953‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘10-12-2004 22:51:51‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 16420.33, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1047, ‘樊增妮‘, ‘110101410715352 ‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘15-07-1941‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘02-12-2005 14:41:54‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 13316.01, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1048, ‘宋素敏‘, ‘11010119720111458X‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘11-02-1972‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘26-09-2004 12:15:57‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 2142.92, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1049, ‘李记‘, ‘110101194803256012‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘25-03-1948‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘23-03-2006 19:12:45‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 13866.09, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1050, ‘秦单风‘, ‘110101198911153625‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘15-11-1989‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘21-10-2012 05:31:34‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 21419.38, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1051, ‘秦占豪‘, ‘110101198509034011‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘03-09-1985‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 31564.79, 40, 1087, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1054, ‘张利娟‘, ‘110101197901173062‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘17-01-1979‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘08-05-2011 22:37:13‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 7419.99, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1055, ‘陈向琼‘, ‘11010119871010354X‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘10-10-1987‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 4000.00, 10, 1087, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1056, ‘杨晓磊‘, ‘110101199105106079‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘10-05-1991‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘研发‘, to_date(‘05-04-2012 22:16:05‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 20812.41, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1057, ‘黄芳菊‘, ‘110101196611133520‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘13-11-1966‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘04-07-2008 17:36:20‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 12711.46, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1058, ‘李红勤‘, ‘110101197209084047‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘08-09-1972‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘01-03-2007 05:57:34‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 21119.95, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1060, ‘薛栓成‘, ‘110101400710051 ‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘10-07-1940‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘22-08-2007 08:06:47‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 24544.66, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1061, ‘高发娃‘, ‘110101192905226032‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘22-05-1929‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘12-12-2004 22:49:04‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 23458.34, 10, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1062, ‘李新昌‘, ‘110101196403106013‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘10-03-1964‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘研发‘, to_date(‘01-04-2011 18:00:33‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 18605.46, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1065, ‘赵永刚‘, ‘110101197507310014‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘31-07-1975‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘05-12-2009 15:00:29‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 3155.96, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1067, ‘冯世伟‘, ‘110101198811154532‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘15-11-1988‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 17854.88, 40, 1087, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1068, ‘张延付‘, ‘110101197005233514‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘23-05-1970‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘21-05-2009 10:16:16‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 24294.43, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1070, ‘陈粉‘, ‘110101195801206040‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘20-01-1958‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘营销专员‘, to_date(‘29-06-2011 21:27:04‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 17708.56, 20, null, 600.00); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1071, ‘张根祥‘, ‘110101194412126513‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘12-12-1944‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘06-10-2006 12:14:34‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 8802.52, null, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1074, ‘李秋彩‘, ‘110101197411186020‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘18-11-1974‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘09-04-2005 01:11:29‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 19315.97, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1075, ‘李建玲‘, ‘110101198110164423‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘16-10-1981‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 9023.25, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1076, ‘张仙‘, ‘110101530824316 ‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘24-08-1953‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘09-05-2011 11:15:29‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 8654.83, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1077, ‘朱金典‘, ‘110101196810023531‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘02-10-1968‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘营销专员‘, to_date(‘11-01-2008 11:13:31‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 6687.97, 20, null, 2700.00); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1079, ‘孙玉环‘, ‘110101195006056047‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘05-06-1950‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘17-11-2008 12:48:12‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 7490.24, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1080, ‘邢中景‘, ‘110101198208284519‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘28-08-1982‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 24990.57, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1081, ‘韩巧真‘, ‘110101198404190026‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘19-04-1984‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘人力资源师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 9880.26, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1084, ‘杜巧琴‘, ‘110101196201036089‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘03-01-1962‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘13-01-2011 16:11:23‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 21655.36, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1085, ‘席妞娃‘, ‘110101194601154026‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘15-01-1946‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘15-08-2008 06:36:11‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 24615.12, 20, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1087, ‘薛素粉‘, ‘110101196701044528‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘04-01-1967‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘讲师‘, to_date(‘10-09-2007 06:07:14‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 12357.56, null, 1008, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1088, ‘王雪英‘, ‘110101193311264521‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘26-11-1933‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘18-02-2006 23:37:15‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 23670.53, 10, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1089, ‘刘秀菊‘, ‘110101530414306 ‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘14-04-1953‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘研发‘, to_date(‘11-09-2004 18:17:49‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 22608.20, null, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1090, ‘刘芳芳‘, ‘110101198912216025‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘21-12-1989‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘10-10-2012 00:24:11‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 9749.45, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1091, ‘郝方方‘, ‘110101198605165580‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘16-05-1986‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 5944.72, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1092, ‘赵利萍‘, ‘110101196712063564‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘06-12-1967‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘01-08-2006 17:26:08‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 4575.09, 30, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1093, ‘杨联星‘, ‘110101195312284013‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘28-12-1953‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘考试专员‘, to_date(‘27-10-2009 08:41:47‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 24545.93, 40, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1094, ‘冯焕‘, ‘110101194205093524‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘09-05-1942‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘运维工程师‘, to_date(‘27-09-2010 18:25:55‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 21391.42, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1096, ‘杨晓雨‘, ‘110101198910070043‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘07-10-1989‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘营销专员‘, to_date(‘07-08-2013 05:49:14‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 4161.31, 20, null, 2322.00); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1097, ‘柴帅友‘, ‘110101198510254038‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘25-10-1985‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘网络营销师‘, to_date(‘24-11-2011 16:08:38‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 7805.94, 50, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1098, ‘韩国强‘, ‘110101621016003 ‘, ‘男‘, to_date(‘16-10-1962‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘研发‘, to_date(‘01-09-2007 12:30:52‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 13755.87, null, null, null); insert into TEACHER (TNO, TNAME, TID, GENDAR, BIRTHDATE, JOB, HIREDATE, SAL, DEPTNO, MGRNO, COMM) values (1099, ‘王参妮‘, ‘11010119490831352X‘, ‘女‘, to_date(‘31-08-1949‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy‘), ‘岗位分析师‘, to_date(‘11-10-2005 13:17:18‘, ‘dd-mm-yyyy hh24:mi:ss‘), 26627.94, 30, null, null); commit;
03.表和约束
--创建表 create table teacher ( tNo number(4) not null, tName varchar2(20) not null, birthday date ); --查询当前用户下面所有的表 select * from tab; --查询表中的数据 select * from teacher; --01.给表中新增两个字段 alter table teacher add(sal number(7,2),wechat varchar2(20)); --02.修改字段的属性 alter table teacher modify(tName varchar2(10)); --03.删除一个字段 alter table teacher drop column wechat; --04.新增主键 alter table teacher add constraint pk_teacher_tno primary key(tno); --05.添加唯一约束 alter table teacher add constraint uk_teacher_tname unique(tname); --06.增加一个性别字段 alter table teacher add(sax char(2)); --07.修改字段的名称 alter table teacher rename column sax to sex; --08.增加sex字段的检查约束 alter table teacher add constraint ck_teacher_sex check(sex in(‘男‘,‘女‘)); --09.删除检查约束 alter table teacher drop constraint ck_teacher_sex; --10.创建外键约束 在student 从表中创建 create table student ( sNo number(4) not null primary key, tNum number(4) not null ) alter table student add constraint fk_teacher_student foreign key(tNum) references teacher(tNo);
04.序列和伪表
--sql 分类 DDL 数据定义语言 create alter drop truncate DML 数据操作语言 insert delete update select TCL 事务控制语言 commit rollback DCL 数据控制语言 grant revoke --创建序列 create sequence sq_teacher_tno --序列的名称 start with 10 --开始的位置 increment by 1 --递增的序列值 maxvalue 9999999999 --设置最大值 --是否循环 cycle | nocycle --是否保存到内存中 cache| nocache --查询创建的序列信息 select * from user_sequences; --查询序列的当前值 select SQ_TEACHER_TNO.Currval from dual; --查询序列的下个值 select SQ_TEACHER_TNO.nextval from dual; --使用序列新增数据 insert into teacher(tno,tname) values(SQ_TEACHER_TNO.Nextval,‘小黑2‘) --dual确实是一个表,只有一个字段 select * from dual; select 99*99 from dual; select sysdate from dual; select to_char(sysdate,‘yyyy-MM-dd hh:mi:ss‘) from dual; --sql标准 规定！ select 语句中必须要有from ! 就是用dual来 --当作一个伪表！也就是查询的信息不存在任何一个表中的时候！
05.DML操作
--导入sql 语句 01.cmd 02.sqlplus 用户名/密码 03.@ sql语句的地址 --01.查询老师的姓名和对应导师的姓名 自连接 select t1.tname as 老师姓名,t2.tname as 导师的姓名 from teacher t1,teacher t2 where t1.mgrno=t2.tno --02. 查询老师姓名，部门名称和部门编号 select tname,dname,dept.deptno from teacher,dept where teacher.deptno=dept.deptno --03.查询 姓 王 的老师信息 _代表一个字符 % select * from teacher where tname like ‘王%‘ select * from teacher where tname like ‘王_‘ --04.查询陈老师和王老师的薪水和姓名 select tname,sal from teacher where tname like ‘陈%‘ or tname like ‘王%‘ --05.给所有姓王的老师 增加薪水 update teacher set sal=sal+20000 where tname like ‘王%‘ --06.删除所有的teacher表中的数据 ! 表结构还在 delete from teacher --07.删除表！ 包含数据和表结构 drop table dept --08.回忆外键约束 建立在从表中 alter table teacher add constraint fk_teacher_deptno foreign key(deptno) references dept(deptno) --09.查询女姓老师的编号和姓名 select tno,tname from teacher where gendar=‘女‘ --10.查询薪水在10K-20k之间的老师编号，姓名 薪水 select tno,tname,sal from teacher where sal between 10000 and 20000 --11.查询职位是 讲师或者研发的老师姓名 按照薪水的降序排列 select tname,sal,job from teacher where job in(‘讲师‘,‘研发‘) order by sal desc --12.查询部门所有数据的insert语句 select ‘insert into dept values(‘||deptno||‘,‘‘‘||dname||‘‘‘,‘‘‘||loc||‘‘‘);‘ from dept
-- 创建stuinfo表 create table stuInfo( stuNo number(4) not null, stuName nvarchar2(20) not null, stuAge number(3) not null ) -- 新增测试数据 insert into stuInfo values (1,‘小黑1‘,10); insert into stuInfo values (2,‘小黑2‘,20); insert into stuInfo values (3,‘小黑3‘,30); insert into stuInfo values (4,‘小黑4‘,40); insert into stuInfo values (5,‘小黑1‘,50); insert into stuInfo values (6,‘小黑1‘,60); -- 选择无重复的行 名字重复 显示一条 select * from stuInfo for update -- 查询所有 select distinct stuName from stuInfo --按照姓名进行升序，如果姓名相同按照年龄的降序排列 select distinct stuName,stuAge from stuInfo order by stuName,stuAge desc --使用列别名 如果有特殊字符 必须使用双引号 select stuName "姓 名",stuAge as "年龄" from stuInfo --利用现有的表创建新表 create table student as select stuName from stuInfo -- 查看表中行数 select count(*) from stuInfo select count(1) from stuInfo -- 推荐使用 -- 取出不重复数据的记录 select stuName,stuAge from stuInfo group by stuName,stuAge having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1) -- 删除stuName,stuAge列重复的行,保留一行 -- 01. 查询到重复的记录 保留一条！ select MAX(rowid) from stuInfo group by stuName,stuAge having(count(stuName||stuAge)>1) -- 02.查询不重复的数据 select MAX(rowid) from stuInfo group by stuName,stuAge having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1) -- 03.拼接 01 02 delete from stuInfo where rowid not in ( select MAX(rowid) from stuInfo group by stuName,stuAge having(count(stuName||stuAge)>1) union select MAX(rowid) from stuInfo group by stuName,stuAge having(count(stuName||stuAge)=1) ) -- 事务控制 事务的特性 ACID 事务隔离级别 insert into stuInfo values(100,‘小白1‘,100); insert into stuInfo values(200,‘小白2‘,200); savepoint haha; -- 设置回滚点 insert into stuInfo values(300,‘小白3‘,300); rollback to savepoint haha; --回到 指定的回滚点 select * from stuInfo; rollback; select * from stuInfo;
06.子查询
--子查询 查询的结果集 被当作 另一个查询语句的表 --01.查询招生部 所有男老师的姓名 select tname,dname from teacher,dept where teacher.deptno=dept.deptno and teacher.gendar=‘男‘ and dept.dname=‘招生部‘ --子查询实现 select tname,deptno from teacher where deptno=(select deptno from dept where dname=‘招生部‘) and gendar=‘男‘ --02.查询老师姓名和对应的部门名称 使用子查询？？？！ --不使用别名 会默认把子查询语句作为列名 select tname,(select dname from dept where deptno=teacher.deptno) as 部门 from teacher --03.查询在招生部以及人力部门的老师信息 select * from teacher where deptno in (select deptno from dept where dname in(‘招生部‘,‘人力部‘)) --使用exists 代替in 使用not exists 代替 not in --exists 并不是返回一个结果集 返回true 或者false select * from teacher where exists (select deptno from dept where deptno=teacher.deptno and dname in(‘招生部‘,‘人力部‘))
-- oracle中的链接操作符 select tname||‘====‘||sal||‘===‘deptno from teacher --事务控制语句 --01.创建dept表 create table dept( deptno number(2) primary key, dname varchar2(20), loc varchar2(20) ); --02.插入数据 insert into dept values(10,‘人力部‘,‘北京海淀‘); insert into dept values(20,‘财务部‘,‘北京海淀‘); insert into dept values(30,‘市场部‘,‘北京海淀‘); insert into dept values(40,‘技术部‘,‘北京海淀‘); --03.再次插入两条数据 insert into dept values(50,‘市场部1‘,‘北京海淀‘); insert into dept values(60,‘技术部2‘,‘北京海淀‘); --设置回滚点 savepoint a; --再插入新数据 insert into dept values(70,‘市场部3‘,‘北京海淀‘); --事务回滚到指定的回滚点 rollback to savepoint a; --04.查询dept表 有 50，60的部门 select * from dept; --05.回滚事务 rollback; -- 查询dept表 有没有 50，60的部门 select * from dept;
07.连接查询
--01. 子查询 查询招生部门所有的男老师姓名 select tname,(select dname from dept where deptno=teacher.deptno) as 部门名称 from teacher where deptno=(select deptno from dept where dname=‘招生部‘) and gendar=‘男‘ --01. 使用内连接 01 查询招生部门所有的男老师姓名 select tname,dname from teacher t,dept d where t.deptno=d.deptno and gendar=‘男‘ and dname=‘招生部‘ --01. 使用内连接 02查询招生部门所有的男老师姓名 select tname,dname from teacher t inner join dept d on t.deptno=d.deptno where gendar=‘男‘ and dname=‘招生部‘ --02.自连接 查询老师的姓名 和导师的姓名 select t1.tname 老师姓名,t2.tname 导师姓名 from teacher t1,teacher t2 where t1.mgrno=t2.tno --03.使用左外链接查询老师的姓名，对应导师的姓名 以及部门 select t1.tname 老师姓名,t2.tname 导师姓名,d.dname 部门名称 from teacher t1 left join teacher t2 on t1.mgrno=t2.tno left join dept d on t1.deptno=d.deptno --使用内连接 select t1.tname 老师姓名,t2.tname 导师姓名,d.dname 部门名称 from teacher t1,teacher t2,dept d where t1.mgrno=t2.tno and t1.deptno=d.deptno --04.左外链接 以左表为准 右表中没有匹配的数据 返回空 select * from teacher t1 left join dept d on t1.deptno=d.deptno --05.右外链接 以右表为准 左表中没有匹配的数据 不显示 select * from teacher t1 right join dept d on t1.deptno=d.deptno
--01.substr 字符串的截取 从第1个位置查询 到第3个位置结束 select substr(‘world‘,1,3) from dual; --从第1个位置查询之后的所有 select substr(‘world‘,1) from dual; --会把字符串转换成数字 如果不能转换就不能查询 select substr(‘world‘,‘1‘) from dual; --02.instr 查询字符在 字符串中的下标！ 从1开始 没有 返回0 select instr(‘world‘,‘o‘) from dual; --03.to_char把日期转换成指定格式的字符串 hh24小时制 select to_char(sysdate,‘yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) from dual; select to_char(sysdate,‘yyyy"年"-MM"月"-dd"日" hh24:mi:ss‘) from dual; --04.to_date把字符串转换成指定格式的日期 select to_date(‘2017-02-28 11:16:56‘,‘yyyy-MM-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) from dual; --05.nvl(e1,e2) e1代表列名 e2替换空的值 --如果e1位空则返回e2, 如果不会空直接返回当前的值 select nvl(mgrno,500) from teacher --06.nvl2(e1,e2,e3) 如果e1位空则返回e3 不为空返回e2 select nvl2(mgrno,10000,500) from teacher --07.decode(value,if1,then1,if2,then2.....,else) -- 如果value的值等于if1，返回then1 -- 如果value的值等于if2，返回then2 --如果value的值不等于任何if，则返回else select decode(mgrno,null,0,1008,5000,1) from teacher
-- 聚合函数 --查询总记录数 count(1) 替换count(*) select count(1) from teacher --查询薪水总和 select sum(sal) from teacher --查询最高薪水 select max(sal) from teacher --查询最低薪水 select min(sal) from teacher --查询平均薪水 select avg(sal) from teacher --查询各个部门的 编号，薪水（平均，最高，总和） -- 按照部门的总薪水进行 降序排列 select deptno,avg(sal),max(sal),sum(sal) from teacher group by deptno order by sum(sal) desc -- 再增加一个条件 （部门人数在10人以上） select deptno,avg(sal),max(sal),sum(sal) from teacher group by deptno having count(deptno)>10 order by sum(sal) desc --验证我们的 部门编号 为空的 select count(1) from teacher where deptno is null --分析函数 --01.rank()：具有相等值的 排位相同，但是之后的排名跳跃 select sal,tname from teacher order by sal select sal,tname, rank() over(order by sal) 薪水排名 from teacher --02.dense_rank()：具有相等值的 排位相同，之后的排名连续 select sal,tname, dense_rank() over(order by sal) 薪水排名 from teacher --03.row_number():不管值是否相等，排名都是连续的 select sal,tname, row_number() over(order by sal) 薪水排名 from teacher -- 查询各个部门（按照部门查询）的教师薪水 降序后的结果 -- partition by deptno 按照部门进行分组 select deptno,tname,sal, rank() over(partition by deptno order by sal desc) 薪水排名 from teacher -- rank()/dense rank()/ row_number() over(partition by 分组的字段 order by 排序的字段 desc（降序）/asc(默认升序))
-- 联合查询 --01.union 并集（两个结果集中所有的数据） 重复数据显示一次 select tno from teacher where tno<1020 union select tno from teacher where tno<1025 --02.union all并集（两个结果集中所有的数据） 重复数据显示多次 select tno from teacher where tno<1020 union all select tno from teacher where tno<1025 --03.intersect 交集（取两个结果集中公共的数据） select tno from teacher where tno<1020 intersect select tno from teacher where tno<1025 --04.补集 minus a>b 取a-b select tno from teacher where tno<1025 minus select tno from teacher where tno<1020 --伪列：没有存储在真正的表中，但是，可以在表中查询，不能进行增删改操作！ -- rowid:表中行的存储地址！ A-Za-z0-9+/ 第二位变成B 依次类推 select rowid from teacher select rowid,tname from teacher where rowid=‘AAASRxAAGAAAAJ7AAA‘ --rownum：查询返回结果集中 行的编号！ 分页的时候使用 --rownum只能对=1或者<n进行操作！ --对于>n这种结果怎么查询？ --01.建立临时表 --02.让伪列rownum成为临时表中真正的列 --03.使用伪列的别名进行操作 --查询教师表中 薪水最高的前5名 select tname,rownum from teacher order by sal desc --上面的sql执行后 有rownum 是乱序的 --那么我们就重新分配rownum --怎么重新分配？ 再次查询 查询的表就是上面的sql select tname,rownum from (select * from teacher order by sal desc) where rownum<6 --执行上面的sql后 发现 rownum 有序了 而且是薪水的降序排列 select * from (select * from teacher order by sal desc) where rownum<6 -- 得到薪水的前5名 --查询教师表中第5名的 select * from (select * from teacher order by sal desc) where rownum=5 -- 不可行 select * from (select t.*, dense_rank() over(order by sal desc) ranks from teacher t) where ranks=5 -- 查询6-10条信息 --01.使用分析函数 select * from (select t.*, dense_rank() over(order by sal desc) ranks from teacher t) where ranks>5 and ranks<11 --02.三层嵌套 select * from teacher order by sal desc -- rownum是乱序 但是薪水已经降序排列了 select t.*,rownum rw from (select * from teacher order by sal desc) t -- 我们把上面的sql 当成一个临时表 -- rownum 进行了重新排序！ --接下来 就开始查询 select * from (select t.*,rownum rw from (select * from teacher order by sal desc) t) where rw>5 and rw<11
-- View:视图（虚表），不占用物理空间！ -- 如果没有权限 -- 使用dba登录 grant create any view to 用户名; create or replace view teacher_view as select tname,sal from teacher -- 查询视图 select * from teacher_view
13.pl/sql 条件判断
--PL/SQL (Procedural Language) 过程化sql语言！ 在原本的sql语句上 添加了 逻辑判断
--循环等操作！ 在数据库 执行pl/sql程序时，pl/sql和sql语句时分别进行解析和执行的！
--语法结构 := 就是赋值语句
--01.declare 可选部分 声明 ： 变量， 异常，游标...
--02.begin 必要部分 书写：sql语句 和pl/sql语句
--03.exception 可选部分 针对出现异常时候的处理
--04.end 必要部分
-- 根据指定老师的编号查询薪水 输出一个结果
declare
v_name teacher.tname%type;
v_sal teacher.sal%type;
v_result varchar2(30);
begin
select t.tname,t.sal into v_name,v_sal from teacher t where tno=1002;
--根据薪水 得到不同的返回结果
if v_sal>=2000 and v_sal<=10000 then
v_result:=‘还可以吧‘;
elsif v_sal>10000 and v_sal<=40000 then
v_result:=‘真可以‘;
elsif v_sal>40000 then
v_result:=‘牛牛牛‘;
else
v_result:=‘咩咩‘;
end if;
dbms_output.put_line(v_name||‘:‘||v_sal||‘=====‘||v_result);
--根据 v_result的值 输出不同的结果
case v_result
when ‘还可以吧‘ then
dbms_output.put_line(v_name||‘工资在2k到10k‘);
when ‘真可以‘ then
dbms_output.put_line(v_name||‘工资在10k到40k‘);
when ‘牛牛牛‘ then
dbms_output.put_line(v_name||‘工资在40k以上‘);
else
dbms_output.put_line(v_name||‘工资2k以下‘);
end case;
end;
14.循环语句
--循环结构
--01.loop 语法
loop
执行的语句;
exit when 条件;
end loop;
declare
i number;
begin
i:=1;
loop
dbms_output.put_line(i);
i:=i+1;
exit when i>50;
end loop;
end;
--02.while 语法
while 条件 loop
执行的语句;
end loop;
declare
i number;
begin
i:=1;
while i<=50 loop
dbms_output.put_line(i);
i:=i+1;
end loop;
end;
--03.for 语法
for 变量 in 范围（上限，下限）loop
执行的语句;
end loop;
declare
i number;
begin
for i in 1..50
loop
dbms_output.put_line(i);
end loop;
end;
15.游标
--游标:是系统给我们用户 开设一个数据缓冲区！ 存放的是sql语句执行的结果！
--每个游标区都有一个名字，用户通过游标一行一行的获取记录！
--01.隐式游标 在我们Pl/sql中，程序执行sql语句时 自动创建！ ====>sql
--02.显示游标 可以返回多行的查询！
--03.REF游标 用于处理运行时才能确定的动态sql 查询结果
--隐式游标属性
--01.sql%found 影响了一行或者多行 都返回 true
--02.sql%notfound 没有影响行数 返回 true
--03.sql%rowcount sql语句影响的行数
--04.sql%isopen 游标是否打开，始终为false
declare
tname teacher.tname%type; --声明一个变量
cursor teacher_cursor is select tname from teacher; --声明游标
begin
open teacher_cursor; --打开游标
fetch teacher_cursor into tname;
--循环输出tname
while teacher_cursor%found
loop
dbms_output.put_line(‘教师的姓名====‘||tname);
fetch teacher_cursor into tname;
end loop;
close teacher_cursor;--关闭游标
end;
16.触发器
--触发器
:old 代表之前的值
:new 更改之后现在的值
这两个值 只能在 for each row 中使用
update语句 :old :new
insert语句 :new
delete语句 :old
--创建一个teacher_log （只要有人动teacher表，数据就会记录在teacher_log表中）
create table teacher_log(
logid number not null,
old_value varchar2(200),
create_date date,
log_type number,
tno number
)
--给logid设置主键
alter table teacher_log add constraint pk_teacher_logid primary key(logid);
--创建序列
create sequence sq_teacher_logid
minvalue 1
maxvalue 999999999
start with 1
increment by 1
cache 20;
--创建触发器 or replace 如果存在 则 修改
create or replace trigger tr_teacher
after insert or update or delete --会在增删改之后 触发
on teacher for each row
--声明
declare
v_old_value teacher_log.old_value%type;
v_type teacher_log.log_type%type;
v_tno teacher_log.tno%type;
begin
if inserting then
v_type:=1; --新增
v_tno :=:new.tno;
v_old_value:=:new.tno||‘=====‘||:new.tname;
elsif deleting then
v_type:=2; --删除
v_tno :=:old.tno;
v_old_value:=:old.tno||‘=====‘||:old.tname;
else
v_type:=3; --修改
v_tno :=:old.tno;
v_old_value:=:old.tno||‘=====‘||:old.tname||‘====‘||:new.sal;
end if;
--将记录写入到 teacher_log
insert into teacher_log values
(sq_teacher_logid.nextval,v_old_value,sysdate,v_type,v_tno);
end tr_teacher;
17.函数
--函数 function
create or replace function fn_teacher_tid
(
f_tid varchar2
)
return varchar2
is
f_result teacher.tid%type;
begin
if length(f_tid)!=18 then
dbms_output.put_line(‘身份证不正确‘);
else
dbms_output.put_line(‘身份证正确‘);
end if;
--给返回值赋值
f_result:=substr(f_tid,1,6)||‘********‘||substr(f_tid,15);
return f_result;
end fn_teacher_tid;
--调用函数
select fn_teacher_tid(110101198603304014) from dual;
18.存储过程
--存储过程 一组完成特定功能的sql语句集
-- 新增教师 身份证不满足要求 报错
create or replace procedure pro_add_teacher
(
p_tno teacher.tno%type,
p_tname teacher.tname%type,
p_tid teacher.tid%type,
p_sal teacher.sal%type
)
is
e_tid_validate exception;
begin
if length(p_tid)!=18 --判断身份证号不满足18位
then --抛出异常
raise e_tid_validate;
end if;
--新增
insert into teacher(tno,tname,tid,sal)
values(p_tno,p_tname,p_tid,p_sal);
--手动提交事务
commit;
--对异常进行处理
exception
when e_tid_validate then
dbms_output.put_line(‘请输入正确的身份证号‘);
when others then
dbms_output.put_line(‘其他的异常‘);
end pro_add_teacher;
--调用存储过程
call pro_add_teacher(2001,‘小黑黑‘,‘123456789123456789‘,5000);
标签：datafile oracl 报错 输入 运行时 事务控制 sax 并且 xxx
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/littlelazy/p/11443467.html
