python之路5：常用模块

 1 import time
 2 import datetime
 3 print(time.gmtime())#返回utc时间的struc时间对象格式
 4 print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.gmtime()))#将utc struct_time格式转成指定的字符串格式
 5 #time.sleep(1)
 6 print(time.localtime())
 7 print(time.process_time())#测量处理器运算时间
 8 print(time.asctime())#返回时间格式如“Sun Apr  1 17:18:24 2018”
 9 print(time.ctime())#返回时间格式如“Sun Apr  1 17:18:24 2018”
10 string_2_struct = time.strptime("2018/04/11","%Y/%m/%d")#将日期字符串转成struct时间对象格式
11 print(string_2_struct)
12 
13 print(datetime.datetime.now())#返回时间格式 2018-04-01 17:28:23.644249
14 print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(time.time()))#时间戳直接转成日期格式 2018-04-01
15 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(1))#当前时间+1天
16 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(-1))#当前时间-1天
17 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(hours=1))#当前时间+1小时
18 print(datetime.datetime.now() + datetime.timedelta(minutes=10),‘\n‘)#当前时间+10分
19 c_time = datetime.datetime.now()
20 print(c_time.replace(minute=1,hour=3))#时间替换,把小时改为3，分钟改为1。

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 __author__ = ‘lvlibing‘
 4 
 5 import random
 6 checkcode = ‘‘
 7 
 8 for i in range(6):
 9     current = random.randrange(1,6)
10     if current == i:
11         tmp = chr(random.randint(65,90))
12     else:
13         tmp = random.randint(0,9)
14     checkcode+=str(tmp)
15 
16 print(checkcode)

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 __author__ = ‘lvlibing‘
 4 
 5 import os
 6 import sys
 7 
 8 print(os.getcwd())#获取当前工作目录，即当前python脚本工作的目录路径
 9 print(os.curdir)#返回当前目录: ‘.‘
10 print(os.pardir)#获取当前目录的父目录字符串名：‘..‘
11 # os.chdir("dirname")#改变当前脚本工作目录
12 os.makedirs(‘J:\\test\\a\\b\\c\\d‘)#可递归生成多层目录
13 os.removedirs(‘J:\\test\\a\\b\\c\\d‘)#若目录为空，则删除，并递归到上一级目录，如若也为空，则删除，依此类推
14 os.mkdir(r‘J:\test\1‘)#生成单级目录
15 os.rmdir(r‘j:\test\1‘)#删除单级空目录，若目录不为空则无法删除
16 print(os.listdir(r‘j:\test‘))#列出指定目录下的所有文件和子目录，包括隐藏文件
17 #os.remove(r‘j:\test\test.txt‘)#删除一个文件
18 #os.rename(‘oldname‘,‘newname‘)#重命名文件/目录
19 print(os.stat(r‘j:\test‘))#获取文件/目录信息
20 print(os.name)#输出字符串指示当前使用平台
21 os.system(‘ipconfig‘)
22 print(os.environ)#获取系统环境变量
23 os.path.abspath(r‘j:\test\test.txt‘)#返回文件的绝对路径
24 os.path.split(r‘j:\test\test.txt‘)#将path分割成目录和文件名二元组返回
25 os.path.dirname(r‘j:\test\test.txt‘)#返回目录名
26 os.path.basename(r‘j:\test\test.txt‘)#返回文件名
27 os.path.exists(r‘j:\test\test.txt‘)#如果存在，返回True；如果不存在，返回False
28 os.path.isfile(r‘j:\test\test.txt‘)
29 print(os.path.isdir(r‘j:\test‘))
30 print(os.path.getatime(r‘j:\test‘))
31 print(os.path.getctime(r‘j:\test‘))
32 print(os.path.getmtime(r‘j:\test‘))
33 print(os.system(‘dir‘))#运行dos命令，直接显示结果
34 
35 print(sys.argv)#命令行参数List，第一个元素是程序本身路径
36 print(sys.exit(n))#退出程序，默认正常退出时exit(0)

 1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 3 # __Author__ = ‘lvlibing‘
 4 
 5 import pickle
 6 import json
 7 
 8 data = {‘k1‘:‘123‘,‘k2‘:‘hello‘,‘k3‘:‘你好‘}
 9 p_str1 = pickle.dumps(data)#将数据通过特殊的形式转换为只有python语言认识的字符串
10 p_str2 = json.dumps(data)#将数据通过特殊的形式转换为所有语言认识的字符串，只支持字符串、列表、字典类型转换
11 print(p_str1)
12 print(p_str2)
13 
14 with open(‘data.pickle‘, ‘wb‘) as f:
15     pickle.dump(data,f)#将数据通过特殊的形式转换为只有python语言认识的字符串，并写入文件
16 
17 #pickle.load(f)#恢复
18 
19 if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:#只在程序本身被使用的时候运行
20     with open(‘data.json‘, ‘w‘) as fp:
21        json.dump(data,fp)#将数据通过特殊的形式转换为所有语言认识的字符串，只支持字符串、列表、字典类型转换，并写入文件
22 
23 #json.load(fp)#恢复

 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 2 __author__ = ‘BillyLV‘
 3 
 4 import shelve
 5 import datetime
 6 
 7 d = shelve.open(‘shelve_test‘)  # 打开一个文件
 8 
 9 l1 = ["alex", "jack", "test"]
10 d1 = {‘name‘:‘lv‘,‘job‘:‘it‘}
11 d["list"] = l1  # 持久化列表
12 d["dict"] = d1 # 持久化字典
13 d[‘dtime‘] = datetime.datetime.now()#持久化当前时间
14 
15 print(d.get(‘list‘))#获取l1列表信息
16 print(d.get(‘dict‘))#获取d1字典信息
17 print(d.get(‘dtime‘))
18 
19 d.close()

 1 <data>
 2     <country name="Liechtenstein">
 3         <rank updated="yes">2</rank>
 4         <year>2008</year>
 5         <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
 6         <neighbor direction="E" name="Austria" />
 7         <neighbor direction="W" name="Switzerland" />
 8     </country>
 9     <country name="Singapore">
10         <rank updated="yes">5</rank>
11         <year>2011</year>
12         <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
13         <neighbor direction="N" name="Malaysia" />
14     </country>
15     <country name="Panama">
16         <rank updated="yes">69</rank>
17         <year updated="yes">2013</year>
18         <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
19         <neighbor direction="W" name="Costa Rica" />
20         <neighbor direction="E" name="Colombia" />
21     </country>
22 </data>

 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 2 __author__ = ‘BillyLV‘
 3 
 4 import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
 5 
 6 tree = ET.parse(‘xmltest.xml‘)
 7 root = tree.getroot()
 8 print(root.tag,‘\n‘)
 9 
10 #遍历xml文档
11 for child in root:
12     print(child.tag,child.attrib)
13     for i in child:
14         print(i.tag,i.text,‘\n‘)
15 
16 #只遍历year 节点
17 for node in root.iter(‘year‘):
18     print(node.tag, node.text)
19 
20 #修改
21 for sec_node in root.iter(‘year‘):
22     new_year = int(sec_node.text) + 1
23     node.text = str(new_year)
24     node.set(‘updated‘,‘yes‘)
25 
26 tree.write(‘xmltest.xml‘)
27 
28 #删除
29 for country in root.findall(‘country‘):
30     rank = int(country.find(‘rank‘).text)
31     if rank > 50:
32         root.remove(country)
33 
34 tree.write(‘output.xml‘)
35 
36 #创建xml文档
37 new_xml = ET.Element(‘namelist‘)
38 name = ET.SubElement(new_xml,‘name‘,attrib={‘encrolled‘:‘no‘})
39 sex = ET.SubElement(name,‘age‘,attrib={‘checked‘:‘no‘})
40 sex.text = ‘29‘
41 name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml,‘name‘,attrib={‘encrolled‘:‘yes‘})
42 age = ET.SubElement(name2,‘age‘)
43 age.text = ‘18‘
44 et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml)
45 et.write(‘test.xml‘,encoding=‘utf-8‘,xml_declaration=True)
46 ET.dump(new_xml)

 1 import configparser
 2 
 3 config = configparser.ConfigParser()
 4 config["DEFAULT"] = {‘ServerAliveInterval‘: ‘45‘,
 5                      ‘Compression‘: ‘yes‘,
 6                      ‘CompressionLevel‘: ‘9‘}
 7 
 8 config[‘bitbucket.org‘] = {}
 9 config[‘bitbucket.org‘][‘User‘] = ‘hg‘
10 config[‘topsecret.server.com‘] = {}
11 topsecret = config[‘topsecret.server.com‘]
12 topsecret[‘Host Port‘] = ‘50022‘  # mutates the parser
13 topsecret[‘ForwardX11‘] = ‘no‘  # same here
14 config[‘DEFAULT‘][‘ForwardX11‘] = ‘yes‘
15 with open(‘example.ini‘, ‘w‘) as configfile:
16     config.write(configfile)
17 config.sections()
18 config.read(‘example.ini‘)
19 config.sections()

 1 import hashlib,hmac
 2 
 3 hash = hashlib.sha512()
 4 hash.update(b‘admin‘)
 5 print(hash.hexdigest())
 6 
 7 m = hashlib.md5(b‘sdfa23ds14‘)
 8 m.update(b"Hello")
 9 m.update(b"It‘s me")
10 print(m.hexdigest())#16进制格式
11 m.update(b"It‘s been a long time since last time we ...")
12 print(m.digest())#2进制格式
13 
14 mac = hmac.new(b‘dqqq33f‘)
15 mac.update(b"Enhanced")
16 print(mac.hexdigest())

 1 # -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
 2 __author__ = ‘BillyLV‘
 3 
 4 import logging
 5 
 6 logging.warning("user [lv] attempted wrong password more than 3 times")
 7 logging.critical("server is down")
 8 
 9 # 高于或等于INFO级别的才会输出
10 logging.basicConfig(filename=‘example.log‘,level=logging.INFO)
11 logging.debug(‘This message should go to the log file‘)
12 logging.info(‘So should this‘)
13 logging.warning(‘And this, too‘)
14 
15 # 带时间格式
16 logging.basicConfig(format=‘%(asctime)s %(message)s‘, datefmt=‘%m/%d/%Y %I:%M:%S %p‘)
17 logging.warning(‘is when this event was logged.‘)
18 
19 from logging import handlers
20 
21 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
22 
23 log_file = "timelog.log"
24 #fh = handlers.RotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,maxBytes=10,backupCount=3)
25 fh = handlers.TimedRotatingFileHandler(filename=log_file,when="S",interval=5,backupCount=3)
26 
27 formatter = logging.Formatter(‘%(asctime)s %(module)s:%(lineno)d %(message)s‘)
28 
29 fh.setFormatter(formatter)
30 
31 logger.addHandler(fh)
32 
33 logger.warning("test1")
34 logger.warning("test12")
35 logger.warning("test13")
36 logger.warning("test14")