标签:_id int 为我 还需 distinct 基于 交叉连接 date 执行
阅读目录
一 介绍
二 多表连接查询
三 符合条件连接查询
四 子查询
五 综合练习
一 介绍
本节主题
多表连接查询
复合条件连接查询
子查询
首先说一下,我们写项目一般都会建一个数据库,那数据库里面是不是存了好多张表啊,不可能把所有的数据都放到一张表里面,肯定要分表来存数据,这样节省空间,数据的组织结构更清晰,解耦和程度更高,但是这些表本质上是不是还是一个整体啊,是一个项目所有的数据,那既然分表存了,就要涉及到多个表连接查询了,比如说员工信息一张表,部门信息一张表,那如果我想让你帮我查一下技术部门有哪些员工的姓名,你怎么办,单独找员工表能实现吗,不能,单独找部门表也无法实现,因为部门表里面没有员工的信息,对不对,所以就涉及到部门表和员工表来关联到一起进行查询了,好,那我们来建立这么两张表:
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create table department(
id int,
name varchar(20)
);
create table employee(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(20),
sex enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) not null default ‘male‘,
age int,
dep_id int
);
insert into department values
(200,‘技术‘),
(201,‘人力资源‘),
(202,‘销售‘),
(203,‘运营‘); #注意这一条数据,在下面的员工表里面没有对应这个部门的数据
insert into employee(name,sex,age,dep_id) values
(‘egon‘,‘male‘,18,200),
(‘alex‘,‘female‘,48,201),
(‘wupeiqi‘,‘male‘,38,201),
(‘yuanhao‘,‘female‘,28,202),
(‘liwenzhou‘,‘male‘,18,200),
(‘jingliyang‘,‘female‘,18,204) #注意这条数据的dep_id字段的值,这个204,在上面的部门表里面也没有对应的部门id。所以两者都含有一条双方没有涉及到的数据,这都是为了演示一下效果设计的昂
;
mysql> desc department;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
mysql> desc employee;
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| sex | enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) | NO | | male | |
| age | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| dep_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
mysql> select * from department;
+------+--------------+
| id | name |
+------+--------------+
| 200 | 技术 |
| 201 | 人力资源 |
| 202 | 销售 |
| 203 | 运营 |
+------+--------------+
mysql> select * from employee;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
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二 多表连接查询
SELECT 字段列表
FROM 表1 INNER|LEFT|RIGHT JOIN 表2
ON 表1.字段 = 表2.字段;
1、交叉连接:不适用任何匹配条件。生成笛卡尔积
补充一点:select 查询表的时候,后面可以跟多张表一起查询:
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mysql> select * from department,employee; #表用逗号分隔,看我查询时表的顺序,先department后employee,所以你看结果表的这些字段,是不是就是我们两个表字段并且哪个表在前面,哪个表的字段就在前面
+------+--------------+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | id | name | sex | age | dep_id |
+------+--------------+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| 200 | 技术 | 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 201 | 人力资源 | 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 202 | 销售 | 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 203 | 运营 | 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 200 | 技术 | 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 201 | 人力资源 | 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 202 | 销售 | 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 203 | 运营 | 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 200 | 技术 | 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 201 | 人力资源 | 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 202 | 销售 | 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 203 | 运营 | 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 200 | 技术 | 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 201 | 人力资源 | 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 202 | 销售 | 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 203 | 运营 | 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 200 | 技术 | 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 201 | 人力资源 | 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 202 | 销售 | 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 203 | 运营 | 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 200 | 技术 | 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
| 201 | 人力资源 | 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
| 202 | 销售 | 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
| 203 | 运营 | 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
+------+--------------+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
24 rows in set (0.12 sec)
我们让employee表在前面看看结果,注意看结果表的字段
mysql> select * from employee,department;
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 202 | 销售 |
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 203 | 运营 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 200 | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 202 | 销售 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 203 | 运营 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 200 | 技术 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 202 | 销售 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 203 | 运营 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 200 | 技术 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 203 | 运营 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 202 | 销售 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 203 | 运营 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | 200 | 技术 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | 202 | 销售 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | 203 | 运营 |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
24 rows in set (0.00 sec)
关于笛卡儿积:我们看一下上面的这些数据,有什么发现,首先看到这些字段都显示出来了,并且数据变得很多,我们来看一下,这么多条数据都是怎么来的,为什么会出现这么条数据,笛卡儿积这是一个数据名词,你可以去研究研究~~
因为我们要进行连表查询,那么mysql并不知道你想要如何连接两个表的关系进行查询,那么mysql会将你两个表数据的所有组合关系都给你拼接成一条数据来显示,这样你就可以想查哪个关联关系的数据就查哪个了,如果还是不太理解看一下下面的图:
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关于笛卡儿积现象的解释图:
咱们为了更好的管理数据,为了节省空间,为了数据组织结构更清晰,将数据拆分到了不同表里面,但是本质上是不是还是一份数据,一份重复内容很多的很大的数据,所以我们即便是分表了,但是咱们是不是还需要找到一个方案把两个本来分开的表能够合并到一起来进行查询,那你是不是就可以根据部门找员工,根据员工找部门了,对不对,但是我们合并两个表的时候,如何合并,根据什么来合并,通过笛卡儿积这种合并有没有浪费,我们其实想做的是不是说我们的员工表中dep_id这个字段中的数据和部门表里面的id能够对应上就可以了,因为我们知道我们设计表的时候,是通过这两个字段来给两个表建立关系的,对不对,看下图:
我们的目标就是将两个分散出去的表,按照两者之间有关系的字段,能对应上的字段,把两者合并成一张表,这就是多表查询的一个本质。那么笛卡儿积干了什么事儿,就是简单粗暴的将两个表的数据全部对应了一遍,用处就是什么呢,它肯定就能保证有一条是对应准的,你需要做的事情就是在笛卡儿积的基础上只过滤出我们需要的那些数据就行了,笛卡儿积不是咱们最终要得到的结果,只是给你提供了一个基础,它不管对应的对不对,全部给你对应一遍,然后你自己去筛选就可以了,然后基于笛卡儿积我们来找一下对应的数据,看看能不能找到:
2、内连接:只连接匹配的行
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mysql> select * from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id;
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.14 sec)
拿到了我们想要的结果。
但是你看,我们左表employee表中的dep_id为204的那个数据没有了,右表department表的id为203的数据没有了,因为我们现在要的就是两表能对应上的数据一起查出来,那个204和203双方对应不上。
mysql> select name from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id and department.name=‘技术‘;
ERROR 1052 (23000): Column ‘name‘ in field list is ambiguous
mysql> select employee.name from employee,department where employee.dep_id=department.id and department.name=‘技术‘;
+-----------+
| name |
+-----------+
| egon |
| liwenzhou |
+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.09 sec)
结果就没问题了
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但是你看上面的代码有没有什么不太好的地方,虽然我们能够完成我们的事情,但是代码可读性不好,所以以后不要这么写,但是看图:
所以mysql为我们提供了一些专门做连表操作的方法,这些方法语义更加的明确,你一看就知道那些代码是连表的,那些代码是查询的,其实上面的连表也是个查询操作,但是我们为了区分明确,连表专门用连表的方法,查询就专门用查询的方法。那这些专门的方法都是什么呢,看后面的内容:
3 、外链接之左连接:优先显示左表全部记录
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mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee left join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+----+------------+--------------+
| id | name | depart_name |
+----+------------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | 技术 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | 销售 |
| 6 | jingliyang | NULL |
+----+------------+--------------+
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4 、外链接之右连接:优先显示右表全部记录
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mysql> select employee.id,employee.name,department.name as depart_name from employee right join department on employee.dep_id=department.id;
+------+-----------+--------------+
| id | name | depart_name |
+------+-----------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | 销售 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | 技术 |
| NULL | NULL | 运营 |
+------+-----------+--------------+
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5 、全外连接:显示左右两个表全部记录
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全外连接:在内连接的基础上增加左边有右边没有的和右边有左边没有的结果
select * from employee left join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
union
select * from employee right join department on employee.dep_id = department.id
;
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 | NULL | NULL |
| NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 203 | 运营 |
+------+------------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
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三 符合条件连接查询
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select employee.name,department.name from employee inner join department
on employee.dep_id = department.id
where age > 25;
select employee.id,employee.name,employee.age,department.name from employee,department
where employee.dep_id = department.id
and age > 25
order by age asc;
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四 子查询
子查询其实就是将你的一个查询结果用括号括起来,这个结果也是一张表,就可以将它交给另外一个sql语句,作为它的一个查询依据来进行操作。
来,我们简单来个需求:技术部都有哪些员工的姓名,都显示出来: 1、看一下和哪个表有关,然后from找到两个表 2、进行一个连表操作 3、基于连表的结果来一个过滤就可以了
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mysql> select * from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id = department.id;
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id | id | name |
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 | 201 | 人力资源 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 | 202 | 销售 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 | 200 | 技术 |
+----+-----------+--------+------+--------+------+--------------+
5 rows in set (0.10 sec)
mysql> select employee.name from employee inner join department on employee.dep_id = department.id where department.name=‘技术‘;
+-----------+
| name |
+-----------+
| egon |
| liwenzhou |
+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.09 sec)
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然后看一下子查询这种方式的写法:它的做法就是解决完一个问题,再解决下一个问题,针对我们上面的需求,你想,我们的需求是不是说找技术部门下面有哪些员工对不对,如果你直接找员工表,你能确定哪个dep_id的数值表示的是技术部门吗,不能,所以咱们是不是应该先确定一个技术部门对应的id号是多少,然后根据部门的id号,再去员工表里面查询一下dep_id为技术部门对应的部门表的那个id号的所有的员工表里面的记录:好,那我们看一下下面的操作
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mysql> select id from department where name=‘技术‘;
+------+
| id |
+------+
| 200 |
+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select name from employee where dep_id = (select id from department where name=‘技术‘);
+-----------+
| name |
+-----------+
| egon |
| liwenzhou |
+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
上面这些就是子查询的一个思路,解决一个问题,再解决另外一个问题,你子查询里面可不可以是多个表的查询结果,当然可以,然后再通过这个结果作为依据来进行过滤,然后我们学一下子查询里面其他的内容,往下学。
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子查询:
1、带IN关键字的子查询
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select id,name from department
where id in
(select dep_id from employee group by dep_id having avg(age) > 25);
select department.name from department inner join employee on department.id=employee.dep_id
group by department.name
having avg(age)>25;
总结:子查询的思路和解决问题一样,先解决一个然后拿着这个的结果再去解决另外一个问题,连表的思路是先将两个表关联在一起,然后在进行group by啊过滤啊等等操作,两者的思路是不一样的
select name from employee
where dep_id in
(select id from department where name=‘技术‘);
select name from department where id not in (select distinct dep_id from employee);
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2、带比较运算符的子查询
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mysql> select name,age from emp where age > (select avg(age) from emp);
+---------+------+
| name | age |
+---------+------+
| alex | 48 |
| wupeiqi | 38 |
+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
select t1.name,t1.age from emp t1
inner join
(select dep_id,avg(age) avg_age from emp group by dep_id) t2
on t1.dep_id = t2.dep_id
where t1.age > t2.avg_age;
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3、带EXISTS关键字的子查询
EXISTS关字键字表示存在。在使用EXISTS关键字时,内层查询语句不返回查询的记录。而是返回一个真假值。True或False
当返回True时,外层查询语句将进行查询;当返回值为False时,外层查询语句不进行查询。还可以写not exists,和exists的效果就是反的
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mysql> select * from employee
-> where exists
-> (select id from department where id=200);
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| id | name | sex | age | dep_id |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
| 1 | egon | male | 18 | 200 |
| 2 | alex | female | 48 | 201 |
| 3 | wupeiqi | male | 38 | 201 |
| 4 | yuanhao | female | 28 | 202 |
| 5 | liwenzhou | male | 18 | 200 |
| 6 | jingliyang | female | 18 | 204 |
+----+------------+--------+------+--------+
mysql> select * from employee
-> where exists
-> (select id from department where id=204);
Empty set (0.00 sec)
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练习:通过连表的方式来查询每个部门最新入职的那位员工
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company.employee
员工id id int
姓名 emp_name varchar
性别 sex enum
年龄 age int
入职日期 hire_date date
岗位 post varchar
职位描述 post_comment varchar
薪水 salary double
办公室 office int
部门编号 depart_id int
create table employee(
id int not null unique auto_increment,
name varchar(20) not null,
sex enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) not null default ‘male‘, #大部分是男的
age int(3) unsigned not null default 28,
hire_date date not null,
post varchar(50),
post_comment varchar(100),
salary double(15,2),
office int, #一个部门一个屋子
depart_id int
);
mysql> desc employee;
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id | int(11) | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment |
| name | varchar(20) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | enum(‘male‘,‘female‘) | NO | | male | |
| age | int(3) unsigned | NO | | 28 | |
| hire_date | date | NO | | NULL | |
| post | varchar(50) | YES | | NULL | |
| post_comment | varchar(100) | YES | | NULL | |
| salary | double(15,2) | YES | | NULL | |
| office | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
| depart_id | int(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+--------------+-----------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
insert into employee(name,sex,age,hire_date,post,salary,office,depart_id) values
(‘egon‘,‘male‘,18,‘20170301‘,‘老男孩驻沙河办事处外交大使‘,7300.33,401,1), #以下是教学部
(‘alex‘,‘male‘,78,‘20150302‘,‘teacher‘,1000000.31,401,1),
(‘wupeiqi‘,‘male‘,81,‘20130305‘,‘teacher‘,8300,401,1),
(‘yuanhao‘,‘male‘,73,‘20140701‘,‘teacher‘,3500,401,1),
(‘liwenzhou‘,‘male‘,28,‘20121101‘,‘teacher‘,2100,401,1),
(‘jingliyang‘,‘female‘,18,‘20110211‘,‘teacher‘,9000,401,1),
(‘jinxin‘,‘male‘,18,‘19000301‘,‘teacher‘,30000,401,1),
(‘成龙‘,‘male‘,48,‘20101111‘,‘teacher‘,10000,401,1),
(‘歪歪‘,‘female‘,48,‘20150311‘,‘sale‘,3000.13,402,2),#以下是销售部门
(‘丫丫‘,‘female‘,38,‘20101101‘,‘sale‘,2000.35,402,2),
(‘丁丁‘,‘female‘,18,‘20110312‘,‘sale‘,1000.37,402,2),
(‘星星‘,‘female‘,18,‘20160513‘,‘sale‘,3000.29,402,2),
(‘格格‘,‘female‘,28,‘20170127‘,‘sale‘,4000.33,402,2),
(‘张野‘,‘male‘,28,‘20160311‘,‘operation‘,10000.13,403,3), #以下是运营部门
(‘程咬金‘,‘male‘,18,‘19970312‘,‘operation‘,20000,403,3),
(‘程咬银‘,‘female‘,18,‘20130311‘,‘operation‘,19000,403,3),
(‘程咬铜‘,‘male‘,18,‘20150411‘,‘operation‘,18000,403,3),
(‘程咬铁‘,‘female‘,18,‘20140512‘,‘operation‘,17000,403,3)
;
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答案:
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SELECT
*
FROM
emp AS t1
INNER JOIN ( #和虚拟表进行连表
SELECT
post,
max(hire_date) as max_date #给这个最大的日期取个别名叫做max_date,先将每个部门最近入职的最大的日期的信息筛选出来,通过这个表来和我们上面的总表进行关联
FROM
emp
GROUP BY
post
) AS t2 ON t1.post = t2.post #给虚拟表取个别名叫做t2
WHERE
t1.hire_date = t2.max_date; #然后再通过where来过滤出,入职日期和最大日期相等的记录,就是我们要的内容
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五 综合练习
表结构为
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CREATE TABLE class (
cid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
caption varchar(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (cid)
) ENGINE=InnoDB CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO class VALUES
(1, ‘三年二班‘),
(2, ‘三年三班‘),
(3, ‘一年二班‘),
(4, ‘二年九班‘);
CREATE TABLE course(
cid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
cname varchar(32) NOT NULL,
teacher_id int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (cid),
KEY fk_course_teacher (teacher_id),
CONSTRAINT fk_course_teacher FOREIGN KEY (teacher_id) REFERENCES teacher (tid)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO course VALUES
(1, ‘生物‘, 1),
(2, ‘物理‘, 2),
(3, ‘体育‘, 3),
(4, ‘美术‘, 2);
CREATE TABLE score (
sid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
student_id int(11) NOT NULL,
course_id int(11) NOT NULL,
num int(11) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (sid),
KEY fk_score_student (student_id),
KEY fk_score_course (course_id),
CONSTRAINT fk_score_course FOREIGN KEY (course_id) REFERENCES course (cid),
CONSTRAINT fk_score_student FOREIGN KEY (student_id) REFERENCES student(sid)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO score VALUES
(1, 1, 1, 10),
(2, 1, 2, 9),
(5, 1, 4, 66),
(6, 2, 1, 8),
(8, 2, 3, 68),
(9, 2, 4, 99),
(10, 3, 1, 77),
(11, 3, 2, 66),
(12, 3, 3, 87),
(13, 3, 4, 99),
(14, 4, 1, 79),
(15, 4, 2, 11),
(16, 4, 3, 67),
(17, 4, 4, 100),
(18, 5, 1, 79),
(19, 5, 2, 11),
(20, 5, 3, 67),
(21, 5, 4, 100),
(22, 6, 1, 9),
(23, 6, 2, 100),
(24, 6, 3, 67),
(25, 6, 4, 100),
(26, 7, 1, 9),
(27, 7, 2, 100),
(28, 7, 3, 67),
(29, 7, 4, 88),
(30, 8, 1, 9),
(31, 8, 2, 100),
(32, 8, 3, 67),
(33, 8, 4, 88),
(34, 9, 1, 91),
(35, 9, 2, 88),
(36, 9, 3, 67),
(37, 9, 4, 22),
(38, 10, 1, 90),
(39, 10, 2, 77),
(40, 10, 3, 43),
(41, 10, 4, 87),
(42, 11, 1, 90),
(43, 11, 2, 77),
(44, 11, 3, 43),
(45, 11, 4, 87),
(46, 12, 1, 90),
(47, 12, 2, 77),
(48, 12, 3, 43),
(49, 12, 4, 87),
(52, 13, 3, 87);
CREATE TABLE student(
sid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
gender char(1) NOT NULL,
class_id int(11) NOT NULL,
sname varchar(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (sid),
KEY fk_class (class_id),
CONSTRAINT fk_class FOREIGN KEY (class_id) REFERENCES class (cid)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO student VALUES
(1, ‘男‘, 1, ‘理解‘),
(2, ‘女‘, 1, ‘钢蛋‘),
(3, ‘男‘, 1, ‘张三‘),
(4, ‘男‘, 1, ‘张一‘),
(5, ‘女‘, 1, ‘张二‘),
(6, ‘男‘, 1, ‘张四‘),
(7, ‘女‘, 2, ‘铁锤‘),
(8, ‘男‘, 2, ‘李三‘),
(9, ‘男‘, 2, ‘李一‘),
(10, ‘女‘, 2, ‘李二‘),
(11, ‘男‘, 2, ‘李四‘),
(12, ‘女‘, 3, ‘如花‘),
(13, ‘男‘, 3, ‘刘三‘),
(14, ‘男‘, 3, ‘刘一‘),
(15, ‘女‘, 3, ‘刘二‘),
(16, ‘男‘, 3, ‘刘四‘);
CREATE TABLE teacher(
tid int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
tname varchar(32) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (tid)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
INSERT INTO teacher VALUES
(1, ‘张磊老师‘),
(2, ‘李平老师‘),
(3, ‘刘海燕老师‘),
(4, ‘朱云海老师‘),
(5, ‘李杰老师‘);
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!!!重中之重:练习之前务必搞清楚sql逻辑查询语句的执行顺序
链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/clschao/articles/9995517.html
练习题目
标签:_id int 为我 还需 distinct 基于 交叉连接 date 执行
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/hualibokeyuan/p/11468707.html