码迷，mamicode.com
首页 > 数据库 > 详细

Mysql + Keepalived 实现双主互备高可用详细配置

时间：2019-09-18 16:06:40      阅读：146      评论：0      收藏：0      [点我收藏+]

标签：seconds   日志信息   rtu   fifo   queue   usr   ddr   mic   读锁   

Mysql+Keepalived双主互备架构搭架

技术图片
配置前进行校时操作

#安装ntpdate工具
yum install ntpdate -y
#使用ntpdate校时（后面的是ntp服务器）
ntpdate pool.ntp.org

一、配置mysql双主备

0.测试mysql安装

 yum install mariadb mariadb-server -y
systemctl restart mariadb
systemctl enable mariadb
mysql_secure_installation

1.DB1修改配置文件（需重启）


vim /etc/my.cnf
#在[mysqld]添加
server-id=166
#开启mysql日志功能
log-bin=mysql-bin
#定义日志命名格式 
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
#以下table复制过滤
#replicate-wild-ignore-table=test.%
#replicate-wild-ignore-table=mysql.%
#replicate-wild-ignore-table=performance_schema.%

2.DB2修改配置文件（需重启）


vim /etc/my.cnf
#在[mysqld]添加
server-id=168
#开启mysql日志功能
log-bin=mysql-bin
#定义日志命名格式 
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin

3.DB1,DB2分别创建复制帐号

mysql -u root -p
#创建用户slave_up允许从192.168.1网段登录
create user ‘slave_cp‘@‘192.168.1.%‘ identified by ‘pass‘;
grant replication slave on *.* to ‘slave_cp‘@‘192.168.1.%‘;
exit

4.DB1获取二进制日志信息

mysql -u root -p
#对数据库进行只读锁定（防止查看二进制日志同时有人对数据库修改操作）
flush tables with read lock;
#查询主机二进制文件信息
show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 494 | | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#解除只读锁定
unlock tables;
exit

5.同步数据库


#DB1
#备份主数据库，并上传给从数据库
mysqldump -uroot -p123456 --all-databases --lock-all-tables >/tmp/dbdump.sql
scp /tmp/dbdump.sql 192.168.1.168:/tmp/
#DB2
#从服务器导入主服务器数据库
mysql -uroot -p </tmp/dbdump.sql

6.在DB2上将DB1设置为主服务器


 #开启mysql防火墙端口
firewall-cmd --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
 change master to
master_host=‘192.168.1.168‘ ,
master_user=‘slave_cp‘, 
master_password=‘pass‘,
master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000001‘, 
master_log_pos=494;
#启动slave
start slave;
#查看是否正常工作
show slave status\G
exit

7.在DB2获取二进制日志信息

 mysql -u root -p
#对数据库进行只读锁定（防止查看二进制日志同时有人对数据库修改操作）
flush tables with read lock;
#查询主机二进制文件信息
show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 513721| | |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
#解除只读锁定
unlock tables;
exit

8.在DB1将DB2设置为主服务器

 change master to
master_host=‘192.168.1.168‘ ,
master_user=‘slave_cp‘, 
master_password=‘pass‘,
master_log_file=‘mysql-bin.000001‘, 
master_log_pos=513721;
#启动slave
start slave;
#查看是否正常工作
show slave status\G
exit

二、Keepalived配置（/etc/keepalived/keepalived.conf）(yum install keepalived -y)（注意：关闭selinux策略 setenforce 0）

1.keepalived配置文件配置

! Configuration File for keepalived
global_defs {
 #设置报警通知邮件地址，可以设置多个
 notification_email { 
 msun1996@163.com
 } 
 #设置邮件的发送地址 
 notification_email_from keepalived@msun.com 
 #设置smtp server的地址,该地址必须是存在的
 smtp_server 127.0.0.1 
 #设置连接smtp server的超时时间 
 smtp_connect_timeout 30 
 #运行Keepalived服务器的标识，发邮件时显示在邮件标题中的信息 
 router_id mysql_msun 
}
#检测haproxy脚本
vrrp_script chk_mysql {
 script "/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/check_slave.sh"
 interval 2
 weight 2
}
#定义VRRP实例,实例名自定义
vrrp_instance mysql_msun {
 #指定Keepalived的角色，MASTER主机 BACKUP备份
 state BACKUP #此处两个都设置为BACKUP
 #指定HA监测的接口 
 interface eno16777736 
 #虚拟路由标识，这个标识是一个数字(1-255)，在一个VRRP实例中主备服务器ID必须一样 
 virtual_router_id 68 
 #优先级，数字越大优先级越高，在一个实例中主服务器优先级要高于备服务器 
 priority 100 #从服务器99
 #设置主备之间同步检查的时间间隔单位秒 
 advert_int 1 
 #设置不抢占模式（DB1设置即可）
 nopreempt 
 #设置验证类型和密码 
 authentication { 
 #验证类型有两种{PASS|HA} 
 auth_type PASS 
 #设置验证密码，在一个实例中主备密码保持一样 
 auth_pass 1689 
 }
 track_script {
 chk_mysql # 执行监控的服务
 } 
 #定义虚拟IP地址,可以有多个，每行一个
 virtual_ipaddress { 
 192.168.1.160
 } 
}

2.创建监控脚本（/etc/keepalived/mysqlcheck/check_slave.sh）

#!/bin/bash
#This scripts is check for Mysql Slave status

Mysqlbin=/usr/bin/mysql
user=root
pw=‘123456‘
port=3306
host=127.0.0.1
#最大延时
sbm=120
#Check for $Mysqlbin
if [ ! -f $Mysqlbin ];then
 echo ‘Mysqlbin not found,check the variable Mysqlbin‘
 exit 99
fi
#Get Mysql Slave Status
IOThread=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e ‘show slave status\G‘ 2>/dev/null|grep ‘Slave_IO_Running:‘|awk ‘{print $NF}‘`
SQLThread=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e ‘show slave status\G‘ 2>/dev/null|grep ‘Slave_SQL_Running:‘|awk ‘{print $NF}‘`
SBM=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e ‘show slave status\G‘ 2>/dev/null|grep ‘Seconds_Behind_Master:‘|awk ‘{print $NF}‘`
#Check if the mysql run
if [[ -z "$IOThread" ]];then
 exit 1
fi
#Check if the thread run 
if [[ "$IOThread" == "No" || "$SQLThread" == "No" ]];then
 exit 1
 elif [[ $SBM -ge $sbm ]];then
 exit 1
 else
 exit 0
fi

3.防火墙策略


#运行VPPR组播（keepalived）
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-rich=‘rule family="ipv4" destination address="224.0.0.18" protocol value="vrrp" accept‘
firewall-cmd --reload

4.测试

1.正常启动DB1、DB2信息

[root@DB1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:43:30:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.166/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet 192.168.1.160/32 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@DB2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:da:7d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.168/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2.关闭DB1数据库，观察IP

[root@DB1 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb
[root@DB1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:43:30:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.166/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
 valid_lft 2591817sec preferred_lft 604617sec
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@DB2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:da:7d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.168/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet 192.168.1.160/32 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
 valid_lft 2591669sec preferred_lft 604469sec
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

3.重启主机mariadb,观察IP

[root@DB1 ~]# ip a #DB1不切换成主机（因为设置为不抢占模式）
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:43:30:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.166/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
 valid_lft 2591605sec preferred_lft 604405sec
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@DB2 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:da:7d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.168/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet 192.168.1.160/32 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
 valid_lft 2591533sec preferred_lft 604333sec
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

4.再次关闭DB2的maraiadb,问题出现了，预想当DB2宕机，IP未能正常漂移！！！

[root@DB2 ~]# systemctl stop mariadb 
[root@DB2 ~]# ip a 
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:da:7d:9d brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.168/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet 192.168.1.160/32 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
 valid_lft 2591326sec preferred_lft 604126sec
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:feda:7d9d/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@DB1 ~]# ip a
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN 
 link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 ::1/128 scope host 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eno16777736: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000
 link/ether 00:0c:29:43:30:13 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
 inet 192.168.1.166/24 brd 192.168.1.255 scope global eno16777736
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
 inet6 2001:da8:4002:3301:20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope global noprefixroute dynamic 
 valid_lft 2591241sec preferred_lft 604041sec
 inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe43:3013/64 scope link 
 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

关于这个问题的思考：

先说说本案例中采用的是Keepalived+mysql的组合，Keepalived用了双备模式，采用脚本检测应用是否正常来决定keepalived的权重，从而让正常的数据库能得到VIP而正常工作，考虑到了如果DB1宕掉（仅mysql服务）（DB1的权重会低于DB2）,DB2接管服务，而DB1再次正常时（权重又会高于DB2），为了避免数据库来回切换，而在DB1的keepalived配置中设置了不抢占模式来避免此问题。但是，导致了一个新的问题，就算是DB2的数据库不正常工作，(权重更低于DB2),但因为DB1不抢占模式，DB2仍然会占有VIP,(除非是Keepalived服务宕掉)。

关于这个问题的思考解决方案：

1.keepalived取消使用不抢占模式，从而使主机切换正常，但这样也就使DB1的数据库服务宕掉再正常启动时，会抢占DB2的VIP,使数据库进行不必要的切换。

2.修改检测脚本，keepalived使用检测脚本正常时返回0，不正常时，直接让keepalived服务本身宕掉。这样情况下，DB1服务mysql服务再次正常（并启动keepalived）,不会抢占DB2的VIP；当DB2mysql服务不正常工作时，（会自动停止keepalived）,从而使DB1正常得到VIP。

 #!/bin/bash
#This scripts is check for Mysql Slave status

Mysqlbin=/usr/bin/mysql
user=root
pw=‘123456‘
port=3306
host=127.0.0.1
#最大延时
sbm=120
#Check for $Mysqlbin
if [ ! -f $Mysqlbin ];then
 echo ‘Mysqlbin not found,check the variable Mysqlbin‘
 pkill keepalived
fi
#Get Mysql Slave Status
IOThread=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e ‘show slave status\G‘ 2>/dev/null|grep ‘Slave_IO_Running:‘|awk ‘{print $NF}‘`
SQLThread=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e ‘show slave status\G‘ 2>/dev/null|grep ‘Slave_SQL_Running:‘|awk ‘{print $NF}‘`
SBM=`$Mysqlbin -h $host -P $port -u$user -p$pw -e ‘show slave status\G‘ 2>/dev/null|grep ‘Seconds_Behind_Master:‘|awk ‘{print $NF}‘`
#Check if the mysql run
if [[ -z "$IOThread" ]];then
 pkill keepalived
fi
#Check if the thread run 
if [[ "$IOThread" == "No" || "$SQLThread" == "No" ]];then
 pkill keepalived
 elif [[ $SBM -ge $sbm ]];then
 pkill keepalived
 else
 exit 0
fi

Mysql + Keepalived 实现双主互备高可用详细配置

标签：seconds   日志信息   rtu   fifo   queue   usr   ddr   mic   读锁   

原文地址：https://blog.51cto.com/14541438/2438881
踩
(0)
赞
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论（0）
登录后才能评论！
分享档案
更多>
2021年07月29日 (22)
2021年07月28日 (40)
2021年07月27日 (32)
2021年07月26日 (79)
2021年07月23日 (29)
2021年07月22日 (30)
2021年07月21日 (42)
2021年07月20日 (16)
2021年07月19日 (90)
2021年07月16日 (35)
周排行
mamicode.com排行更多图片
更多
友情链接
兰亭集智   国之画   百度统计   站长统计   阿里云   chrome插件   新版天听网
关于我们 - 联系我们 - 留言反馈
© 2014 mamicode.com 版权所有  联系我们:gaon5@hotmail.com
迷上了代码！