标签:多线程概念 system shu art time 实现 等于 相同 并且
在前面一篇介绍了线程的生命周期【并发编程之多线程概念 】,在本篇将正式介绍如何创建、中断线程,以及线程是如何销毁的。最后,我们会讲解一些常见的线程API。
线程创建
Java 5 以前,实现线程有两种方式:扩展java.lang.Thread类,实现java.lang.Runnable接口。这两种方式都是都是直接创建线程,而每次new Thread都会消耗比较大的资源,导致每次新建对象时性能差;而且线程缺乏统一管理,可能无限制新建线程,相互之间竞争,很可能占用过多系统资源导致死机或OOM。同时,new Thread的线程缺乏更多功能,如定时执行、定期执行、线程中断。
Java 5开始,JDK提供了4中线程池(newFixedThreadPool、newCachedThreadPool、newScheduledThreadPool、newSingleThreadExecutor)来获取线程。这样做的好处是:可以重用已经存在的线程,减少对象创建、消亡的开销,性能佳;而且线程池可有效控制最大并发线程数,提高系统资源的使用率,同时避免过多资源竞争,避免堵塞。通过特定的线程池也可以实现定时执行、定期执行、单线程、并发数控制等功能。
创建线程的代码实现
//1.自定义一个类继承Thread类 public class ExThread extends Thread { //2.重写run() @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+”:”+i); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //3.创建Thread子类对象 ExThread exThread = new ExThread(); //4.调用start方法启动自定义线程 exThread.start(); } }
//1.自定义一个类实现Runnable接口 public class ImThread implements Runnable{ //2.实现run() @Override public void run() { for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+”:”+i); } } public static void main(String[] args) { //3.创建Runnable实现类对象 ImThread imThread = new ImThread(); //4.创建Thread对象 Thread thread = new Thread(imThread); //5.调用start()开启线程 thread.start(); } }
创建一个固定线程数的线程池,可控制线程最大并发数,超出的线程会在队列中等待
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class CreateThreadByFixedPool { /** * Cover Runnable.run() */ private static void run(){ System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is running..."); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { pool.execute(CreateThreadByFixedPool::run); } } }
创建一个可缓存线程池,如果线程池长度超过处理需要,可灵活回收空闲线程,若无可回收,则新建线程.
线程池的容量为无限大,当执行第二个任务时第一个任务已经完成,会复用执行第一个任务的线程,而不用每次新建线程。
import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.Executors; public class CreateThreadByCachedPool { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService pool = Executors.newCachedThreadPool(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } pool.execute(() -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is running...")); } } }
创建一个固定线程数的线程池,支持定时及周期性任务执行。
import java.util.concurrent.Executors; import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class CreateThreadByScheduledPool { public static void main(String[] args) { ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(3);
//delay 2s excute. pool.schedule(() -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" delays 2s "), 2, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//delay 2s and every 3s excute. pool.scheduleAtFixedRate(() -> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" delays 2s every 3s execte"), 2, 3, TimeUnit.SECONDS); } }
创建一个单线程化的线程池,它只会用唯一的工作线程来执行任务,保证所有任务按照指定顺序(FIFO, LIFO, 优先级)执行。
public class CreateThreadBySingleThreadPool { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService pool = Executors.newSingleThreadExecutor(); for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { final int index = i; pool.execute(() ->{ System.out.println(String.format("The thread %d (%s) is running...", index,Thread.currentThread().getName())); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); } } }
Thread负责线程本身相关的职责和控制,Runnable负责逻辑业务。
线程中断
线程销毁
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { Thread t = new Thread(){ @Override public void run() { System.out.println("I will start work."); while(!isInterrupted()){ System.out.println("working...."); } System.out.println("I will exit."); } }; t.start(); TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(100); System.out.println("System will exit."); t.interrupt(); }
public class FlagThreadExit { static class MyTask extends Thread{ private volatile boolean closed = false; @Override public void run() { System.out.println("I will start work."); while(!closed && !isInterrupted()){ System.out.println("working...."); } System.out.println("I will exit."); } public void closed(){ this.closed = true; this.interrupt(); } } public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException { MyTask task = new MyTask(); task.start(); TimeUnit.MICROSECONDS.sleep(100); System.out.println("System will exit."); task.closed(); } }
多线程API
方法
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返回值
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作用
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yield()
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static void
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暂停当前正在执行的线程对象,并执行其他线程。
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只有优先级大于等于该线程优先级的线程(包括该线程)才有机会被执行
释放CPU资源,不会放弃monitor锁
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sleep()
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static void
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使当前线程休眠,其它任意线程都有执行的机会
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释放CPU资源,不会放弃monitor锁
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wait()
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void
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使当前线程等待
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Object的方法
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interrupt()
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void
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中断线程
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可中断方法
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interrupted()
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static boolean
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判断当前线程是否中断
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isInterrupted()
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boolean
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测试线程是否已经中断
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join()
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void
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在线程A内,join线程B,线程A会进入BLOCKED状态,直到线程B结束生命周期或者线程A的BLOCKED状态被另外的线程中断
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可中断方法
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wait使用
public class WaitDemo { public static void main(String[] args) { ExecutorService pool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(2); pool.execute(() -> { synchronized (WaitDemo.class){ System.out.println("Enter Thread1..."); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is waiting..."); try { WaitDemo.class.wait(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("Thread1 is going..."); System.out.println("Shut down Thread1."); } }); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } pool.execute(() ->{ synchronized (WaitDemo.class) { System.out.println("Enter Thread2..."); System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" is notifying other thread..."); WaitDemo.class.notify(); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println("Thread2 is going..."); System.out.println("Shut down Thread2."); } }); } }
补充
标签:多线程概念 system shu art time 实现 等于 相同 并且
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/BlueStarWei/p/11497198.html