简单分析Cordova for iOS

function iOSExec() {
  ...
  if (!isInContextOfEvalJs && commandQueue.length == 1)  {
      // 如果支持 XMLHttpRequest，则使用 XMLHttpRequest 方式
      if (bridgeMode != jsToNativeModes.IFRAME_NAV) {
            // This prevents sending an XHR when there is already one being sent.
            // This should happen only in rare circumstances (refer to unit tests).
            if (execXhr && execXhr.readyState != 4) {
                execXhr = null;
            }
            // Re-using the XHR improves exec() performance by about 10%.
            execXhr = execXhr || new XMLHttpRequest();
            // Changing this to a GET will make the XHR reach the URIProtocol on 4.2.
            // For some reason it still doesn‘t work though...
            // Add a timestamp to the query param to prevent caching.
            execXhr.open(‘HEAD‘, "/!gap_exec?" + (+new Date()), true);
            if (!vcHeaderValue) {
                vcHeaderValue = /.*\((.*)\)/.exec(navigator.userAgent)[1];
            }
            execXhr.setRequestHeader(‘vc‘, vcHeaderValue);
            execXhr.setRequestHeader(‘rc‘, ++requestCount);
            if (shouldBundleCommandJson()) {
              // 设置请求的数据
                execXhr.setRequestHeader(‘cmds‘, iOSExec.nativeFetchMessages());
            }
            // 发起请求
            execXhr.send(null);
        } else {
          // 如果不支持 XMLHttpRequest，则使用透明 iframe 的方式，设置 iframe 的 src 属性
            execIframe = execIframe || createExecIframe();
            execIframe.src = "gap://ready";
        }
    }
  ...
}

+ (BOOL)canInitWithRequest:(NSURLRequest*)theRequest
{
    NSURL* theUrl = [theRequest URL];
    NSString* theScheme = [theUrl scheme];

  // 判断请求是否为 /!gap_exec
    if ([[theUrl path] isEqualToString:@"/!gap_exec"]) {
        NSString* viewControllerAddressStr = [theRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"vc"];
        if (viewControllerAddressStr == nil) {
            NSLog(@"!cordova request missing vc header");
            return NO;
        }
        long long viewControllerAddress = [viewControllerAddressStr longLongValue];
        // Ensure that the UCCDVViewController has not been dealloc‘ed.
        UCCDVViewController* viewController = nil;
        @synchronized(gRegisteredControllers) {
            if (![gRegisteredControllers containsObject:
                  [NSNumber numberWithLongLong:viewControllerAddress]]) {
                return NO;
            }
            viewController = (UCCDVViewController*)(void*)viewControllerAddress;
        }

      // 获取请求的数据
        NSString* queuedCommandsJSON = [theRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"cmds"];
        NSString* requestId = [theRequest valueForHTTPHeaderField:@"rc"];
        if (requestId == nil) {
            NSLog(@"!cordova request missing rc header");
            return NO;
        }
          ...
    }
    ...
}

// UIWebView 加载 URL 前回调的方法，返回 YES，则开始加载此 URL，返回 NO，则忽略此 URL
- (BOOL)webView:(UIWebView*)theWebView
          shouldStartLoadWithRequest:(NSURLRequest*)request
          navigationType:(UIWebViewNavigationType)navigationType
{
    NSURL* url = [request URL];

    /*
     * Execute any commands queued with cordova.exec() on the JS side.
     * The part of the URL after gap:// is irrelevant.
     */
    // 判断是否 Cordova 的请求，对于 JS 代码中 execIframe.src = "gap://ready" 这句
    if ([[url scheme] isEqualToString:@"gap"]) {
        // 获取请求的数据，并对数据进行分析、处理
        [_commandQueue fetchCommandsFromJs];
        return NO;
    }
    ...
}

- (void)fetchCommandsFromJs
{
    // Grab all the queued commands from the JS side.
    NSString* queuedCommandsJSON = [_viewController.webView
                                      stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:
                                          @"cordova.require(‘cordova/exec‘).nativeFetchMessages()"];

    [self enqueCommandBatch:queuedCommandsJSON];
    if ([queuedCommandsJSON length] > 0) {
        CDV_EXEC_LOG(@"Exec: Retrieved new exec messages by request.");
    }
}

- (void)evalJs:(NSString*)js scheduledOnRunLoop:(BOOL)scheduledOnRunLoop
{
    js = [NSString stringWithFormat:
                  @"cordova.require(‘cordova/exec‘).nativeEvalAndFetch(function(){ %@ })",
                  js];
    if (scheduledOnRunLoop) {
        [self evalJsHelper:js];
    } else {
        [self evalJsHelper2:js];
    }
}

- (void)evalJsHelper2:(NSString*)js
{
    CDV_EXEC_LOG(@"Exec: evalling: %@", [js substringToIndex:MIN([js length], 160)]);
    NSString* commandsJSON = [_viewController.webView
                              stringByEvaluatingJavaScriptFromString:js];
    if ([commandsJSON length] > 0) {
        CDV_EXEC_LOG(@"Exec: Retrieved new exec messages by chaining.");
    }

    [_commandQueue enqueCommandBatch:commandsJSON];
}

- (void)evalJsHelper:(NSString*)js
{
    // Cycle the run-loop before executing the JS.
    // This works around a bug where sometimes alerts() within callbacks can cause
    // dead-lock.
    // If the commandQueue is currently executing, then we know that it is safe to
    // execute the callback immediately.
    // Using    (dispatch_get_main_queue()) does *not* fix deadlocks for some reaon,
    // but performSelectorOnMainThread: does.
    if (![NSThread isMainThread] || !_commandQueue.currentlyExecuting) {
        [self performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(evalJsHelper2:)
                              withObject:js
                           waitUntilDone:NO];
    } else {
        [self evalJsHelper2:js];
    }
}

// successCallback : 成功回调方法
// failCallback    : 失败回调方法
// server          : 所要请求的服务名字
// action          : 所要请求的服务具体操作
// actionArgs      : 请求操作所带的参数
cordova.exec(successCallback, failCallback, service, action, actionArgs);

unction iOSExec() {
    ...
  // 生成一个 callbackId 的唯一标识，并把此标志与成功、失败回调方法一起保存在 JS 端
    // Register the callbacks and add the callbackId to the positional
    // arguments if given.
    if (successCallback || failCallback) {
        callbackId = service + cordova.callbackId++;
        cordova.callbacks[callbackId] =
            {success:successCallback, fail:failCallback};
    }

    actionArgs = massageArgsJsToNative(actionArgs);

  // 把 callbackId，service，action，actionArgs 保持到 commandQueue 中
  // 这四个参数就是最后发给原生代码的数据
    var command = [callbackId, service, action, actionArgs];
    commandQueue.push(JSON.stringify(command));
    ...
}

// 获取请求的数据，包括 callbackId, service, action, actionArgs
iOSExec.nativeFetchMessages = function() {
    // Each entry in commandQueue is a JSON string already.
    if (!commandQueue.length) {
        return ‘‘;
    }
    var json = ‘[‘ + commandQueue.join(‘,‘) + ‘]‘;
    commandQueue.length = 0;
    return json;
};

- (void)sendPluginResult:(CDVPluginResult*)result callbackId:(NSString*)callbackId
{
    CDV_EXEC_LOG(@"Exec(%@): Sending result. Status=%@", callbackId, result.status);
    // This occurs when there is are no win/fail callbacks for the call.
    if ([@"INVALID" isEqualToString : callbackId]) {
        return;
    }
    int status = [result.status intValue];
    BOOL keepCallback = [result.keepCallback boolValue];
    NSString* argumentsAsJSON = [result argumentsAsJSON];

  // 将请求的处理结果及 callbackId 通过调用 JS 方法返回给 JS 端
    NSString* js = [NSString stringWithFormat:
                              @"cordova.require(‘cordova/exec‘).nativeCallback(‘%@‘,%d,%@,%d)",
                              callbackId, status, argumentsAsJSON, keepCallback];

    [self evalJsHelper:js];
}

// 根据 callbackId 及是否成功标识，找到回调方法，并把处理结果传给回调方法
 callbackFromNative: function(callbackId, success, status, args, keepCallback) {
        var callback = cordova.callbacks[callbackId];
        if (callback) {
            if (success && status == cordova.callbackStatus.OK) {
                callback.success && callback.success.apply(null, args);
            } else if (!success) {
                callback.fail && callback.fail.apply(null, args);
            }

            // Clear callback if not expecting any more results
            if (!keepCallback) {
                delete cordova.callbacks[callbackId];
            }
        }
    }