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Linux PXE自动化安装centos6系统

时间:2019-11-04 09:55:32      阅读:86      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:启动   ogg   div   sample   安装   gtest   selinux   version   tla   

  1、PXE是什么?

  pxe是Preboot Excution Environment的缩写,是intel公司研发,基于client/server的网络模式,支持远程主机通过网络从远端服务器下载镜,并由此支持通过网络启动操作系统的预启动执行环境。

  2、PXE的工作原理

技术图片

它的工作流程是这样的:

  1、客户端向PXE 服务器上的DHCP发送ip地址请求消息,DHCP检测到客户端是否合法(主要是检测客户端的网卡MAC地址)如果合法则返回客户端的ip地址,同时将启动文件pxelinx.0位置信息一并传给客户端;

  2、客户端拿到IP地址和存放启动文件服务器(tftp服务器)地址后,它就会用向tftp服务器发送获取pxelinux.0的请求消息,tftp服务器接收到消息后,再向客户端发送pxelinux.0文件的大小,试探客户端是否满意,当tftp接收到客户端发回的同意大小信息后,tftp服务器就正式向客户端发送pxelinux.0文件;

  3、客户端收到tftp发送过来的pxelinux.0文件后,客户端会再向tftp服务器发送针对本机的配置信息文件(在TFTP服务器的pxelinux.cfg目录下),TFTP服务器将配置文件发送给客户端后,继而客户端根据配置文件执行后续的操作;

  4、客户端向TFTP服务器发送请求Linux内核信息,tftp接收到消息后将内核文件发送给客户端,客户端接收到内核文件后,又向tftp发送获取根文件请求的信息,当tftp服务器收到根文件请求信息后,就把根文件发送给客户端;

  5、客户端此时有了Linux内核文件和根文件后,客户端尝试启动Linux内核;

  6、客户端下载安装源文件,读取自动化安装脚本(ks.cfg)

从上面的流程我们可以知道,我们首先要配置好DHCP服务器,TFTP服务器,然后准备必要的启动文件,和配置文件,以及自动安装脚本。

  DHCP服务器的搭建,以及配置

[root@localhost ~]# yum install dhcp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
 * updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhcp.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: dhcp-common = 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos for package: 12:dhcp-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos will be updated
--> Processing Dependency: dhcp-common = 12:4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos for package: 12:dhclient-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64
---> Package dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos will be an update
--> Running transaction check
---> Package dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos will be updated
---> Package dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos will be an update
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

================================================================================
 Package          Arch        Version                        Repository    Size
================================================================================
Installing:
 dhcp             x86_64      12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos      updates      824 k
Updating for dependencies:
 dhclient         x86_64      12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos      updates      323 k
 dhcp-common      x86_64      12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos      updates      145 k

Transaction Summary
================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)
Upgrade       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 1.3 M
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Downloading Packages:
(1/3): dhclient-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm        | 323 kB     00:00     
(2/3): dhcp-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm            | 824 kB     00:00     
(3/3): dhcp-common-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64.rpm     | 145 kB     00:00     
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                           2.0 MB/s | 1.3 MB     00:00     
warning: rpmts_HdrFromFdno: Header V3 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID c105b9de: NOKEY
Retrieving key from file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Importing GPG key 0xC105B9DE:
 Userid : CentOS-6 Key (CentOS 6 Official Signing Key) <centos-6-key@centos.org>
 Package: centos-release-6-9.el6.12.3.x86_64 (@anaconda-CentOS-201703281317.x86_64/6.9)
 From   : /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
Is this ok [y/N]: y
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Updating   : 12:dhcp-common-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                 1/5 
  Installing : 12:dhcp-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                        2/5 
  Updating   : 12:dhclient-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                    3/5 
  Cleanup    : 12:dhclient-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                    4/5 
  Cleanup    : 12:dhcp-common-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                 5/5 
  Verifying  : 12:dhcp-common-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                 1/5 
  Verifying  : 12:dhcp-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                        2/5 
  Verifying  : 12:dhclient-4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                    3/5 
  Verifying  : 12:dhcp-common-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                 4/5 
  Verifying  : 12:dhclient-4.1.1-53.P1.el6.centos.x86_64                    5/5 

Installed:
  dhcp.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos                                         

Dependency Updated:
  dhclient.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos                                     
  dhcp-common.x86_64 12:4.1.1-63.P1.el6.centos                                  

Complete!

  说明:dhcp实现的软件有dhcp和dnsmasq两个软件,我们这用的DHCP,yum安装DHCP服务器包后,我们再来写配置文件

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf 
cp: overwrite `/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf‘? y

  说明:我们打开/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf,里面内容是注释,它告诉我们参照/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.1.1/dhcpd.conf.sample文件来配置,于是乎我们就干脆把模板文件复制到/etc/dhcp/下并命名为dhcpd.conf,接下来在修改即可

# DHCP server to understand the network topology.

subnet 172.16.56.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 {
        range 172.16.56.100 172.16.56.200;
        option routers 172.16.56.5;
        option domain-name-servers 172.16.56.5;
        filename "pxelinux.0";
        next-server 172.16.56.5;
}

  说明:我们要在配置文件中配置好dhcp分配的地址池(这个地址池必须要和主机在同一网段) ,网关,dns等,最重要的还要配置好TFTP服务器的地址,和引导系统的文件名称pxelinux.0,这样客户端才能够知道tftp服务器的地址和tftp上的那个文件是引导文件。range 后面跟地址池范围,option routers 指定网关,option domain-name-servers 指定dns地址 ,filename指定启动引导文件的名字,next-server 指定TFTP服务器地址。这里需要注意的是每行结束都需要有分号。当然我们可以用 service dhcpd configtest 来测试我们的配置文件是否存在语法错误。

  接着我们配置好DHCP服务器后,就可以启动DHCP服务了

[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/dhcpd start
Starting dhcpd:                                            [  OK  ]
[root@localhost ~]# ss -uln
State       Recv-Q Send-Q           Local Address:Port             Peer Address:Port 
UNCONN      0      0                            *:67                          *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:68                          *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                    127.0.0.1:737                         *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:55660                       *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:111                         *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:631                         *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:679                         *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                           :::111                        :::*     
UNCONN      0      0                           :::49813                      :::*     
UNCONN      0      0                           :::679                        :::*     
[root@localhost ~]# 

  说明:我们可以看到udp的67、68端口已经起来了,说明我们的DHCP服务器已经正常启动。

测试DHCP服务是否正常,客户端是否能够顺利拿到地址,在同一局域网里另外拿一台主机,在上面用dhclient 工具来拿地址

[root@host_A ~]# dhclient -d
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.1.1-P1
Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

Listening on LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:47:f6:ed
Sending on   LPF/eth0/00:0c:29:47:f6:ed
Sending on   Socket/fallback
DHCPREQUEST on eth0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 (xid=0x758b581e)
DHCPACK from 172.16.56.5 (xid=0x758b581e)
bound to 172.16.56.100 -- renewal in 282 seconds.

  说明:我们可以看到客户端已经拿到了地址,当然我们也可以在服务端看到那些地址是分配出去了,分配给谁,租期是好久等信息。

[root@localhost ~]# cat /var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases
# The format of this file is documented in the dhcpd.leases(5) manual page.
# This lease file was written by isc-dhcp-4.1.1-P1

server-duid "\000\001\000\001%Q\205x\000\014)\350\366{";

lease 172.16.56.100 {
  starts 0 2019/11/03 12:34:19;
  ends 0 2019/11/03 12:44:19;
  cltt 0 2019/11/03 12:34:19;
  binding state active;
  next binding state free;
  hardware ethernet 00:0c:29:47:f6:ed;
}
[root@localhost ~]# 

  说明:在DHCP服务器的/var/lib/dhcpd/dhcpd.leases 文件中记录了服务器分配出去的地址,客户端的MAC 租期等信息。到此我们DHCP服务器的搭建就完成了。

接下来我们在来搭建tftp服务器。

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tftp
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tftp.x86_64 0:0.49-8.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================
 Package          Arch               Version                  Repository          Size
=======================================================================================
Installing:
 tftp             x86_64             0.49-8.el6               mybase              32 k

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================
Install       1 Package(s)

Total download size: 32 k
Installed size: 45 k
Downloading Packages:
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : tftp-0.49-8.el6.x86_64                                              1/1 
  Verifying  : tftp-0.49-8.el6.x86_64                                              1/1 

Installed:
  tftp.x86_64 0:0.49-8.el6                                                             

Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install -y tftp-server
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package tftp-server.x86_64 0:0.49-8.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: xinetd for package: tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.14-40.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================
 Package              Arch            Version                    Repository       Size
=======================================================================================
Installing:
 tftp-server          x86_64          0.49-8.el6                 mybase           39 k
Installing for dependencies:
 xinetd               x86_64          2:2.3.14-40.el6            mybase          122 k

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================
Install       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 161 k
Installed size: 317 k
Downloading Packages:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                  6.0 MB/s | 161 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : 2:xinetd-2.3.14-40.el6.x86_64                                       1/2 
  Installing : tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64                                       2/2 
  Verifying  : 2:xinetd-2.3.14-40.el6.x86_64                                       1/2 
  Verifying  : tftp-server-0.49-8.el6.x86_64                                       2/2 

Installed:
  tftp-server.x86_64 0:0.49-8.el6                                                      

Dependency Installed:
  xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.14-40.el6                                                        

Complete!
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

  说明:TFTP服务器就只需要安装tftp-server这个包就可以了,tftp这个包是客户端工具,方便测试。我们装好TFTP可以用rpm -ql tftp-server命令来查看,这个包到底安装了些什么文件,装在什么地方去了

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# rpm -ql tftp-server
/etc/xinetd.d/tftp
/usr/sbin/in.tftpd
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/CHANGES
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/README
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/README.security
/usr/share/doc/tftp-server-0.49/README.security.tftpboot
/usr/share/man/man8/in.tftpd.8.gz
/usr/share/man/man8/tftpd.8.gz
/var/lib/tftpboot
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# 

  说明:/etc/xined.d/tftp 这个就是tftp的配置文件,因为tftp不是独立的守护进程,它是瞬时守护进程,有超级守护进程xinetd管理,所以它的配置文件在xinetd.d目录下;/usr/sbin/in.tftpd 这个文件就是tftp二进制主程序;/var/lib/tftpboot 这个目录就是tftp服务器的工作目录,我们上传下载的文件都是放在这个目录下

启动tftp服务器

[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig tftp on
[root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list tftp
tftp            on
[root@localhost ~]# /etc/init.d/xinetd restart
Stopping xinetd:                                           [FAILED]
Starting xinetd:                                           [  OK  ]
[root@localhost ~]# ss -nul
State       Recv-Q Send-Q           Local Address:Port             Peer Address:Port 
UNCONN      0      0                            *:67                          *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:69                          *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                    127.0.0.1:737                         *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:55660                       *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:111                         *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:631                         *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                            *:679                         *:*     
UNCONN      0      0                           :::111                        :::*     
UNCONN      0      0                           :::49813                      :::*     
UNCONN      0      0                           :::679                        :::*     
[root@localhost ~]# 

  说明:TFTP默认工作在udp的69号端口,可以看到69号端口已经启动。

测试:我们在TFTP服务器上放一些文件,看能不能下载下来,如果能,这我们的tftp服务器就搭建的没有问题

[root@localhost tmp]# echo "this is test file" >> f1
[root@localhost tmp]# ls
f1
[root@localhost tmp]# cp f1 /var/lib/tftpboot/
[root@localhost tmp]# ll /var/lib/tftpboot/
total 8
-rw-------. 1 root root 1591 Nov  3 21:06 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   18 Nov  3 21:09 f1
[root@localhost tmp]# cd 
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  install.log         Music     Public     Videos
Desktop          Downloads  install.log.syslog  Pictures  Templates
[root@localhost ~]# tftp 172.16.56.5
tftp> get f1
tftp> q
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  Documents  f1           install.log.syslog  Pictures  Templates
Desktop          Downloads  install.log  Music               Public    Videos
[root@localhost ~]# cat f1
this is test file
[root@localhost ~]# 

  说明:我们搭建的TFTP服务器器能够下载文件,至此TFTP服务器就搭建完毕。

接下来我们还需要搭建一个基于HTTP的网络yum仓库

[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Package httpd-2.2.15-59.el6.centos.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Nothing to do
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# /etc/init.d/httpd start
Starting httpd: httpd: Could not reliably determine the server‘s fully qualified domain name, using localhost.localdomain for ServerName
                                                           [  OK  ]
[root@localhost yum.repos.d]# cd /var/www/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
[root@localhost html]# mkdir centos/6/os/x86_64 -pv
mkdir: created directory `centos‘
mkdir: created directory `centos/6‘
mkdir: created directory `centos/6/os‘
mkdir: created directory `centos/6/os/x86_64‘
[root@localhost html]# mount /dev/sr0 /var/www/html/centos/6/os/x86_64/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@localhost html]# ls centos/6/os/x86_64/
CentOS_BuildTag  isolinux                  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Debug-6
EFI              Packages                  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Security-6
EULA             RELEASE-NOTES-en-US.html  RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-6
GPL              repodata                  TRANS.TBL
images           RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6
[root@localhost html]# 

  说明:yum仓库的搭建请参考https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/11487456.html 这里不作过多解释

system-config-kickstart图形工具生成kickstart应答文件ks.cfg

1、先安装system-config-kickstart

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y system-config-kickstart

2、在图形界面打开一个终端输入system-config-kickstart启动system-config-kickstart编辑器

技术图片

 

说明:上图是基本配置页面,里面可以指定系统的语言,键盘布局,时区的设定,root密码,安装平台,安装后是否重启,以什么模式安装。

技术图片

说明:上图是安装方法的配置,可以配置系统是新装还是更新,安装源,就是我们镜像存放的位置。

技术图片

说明:上图是bootloader选项配置,在此页面可以配置bootloader安装类型,grub口令,boot loader安装在那个位置,还可以写内核参数。

技术图片

说明:上图是分区信息配置,在此页面可以配置清除原有MBR,是否清除原有的分区信息,是否初始化磁盘标签,以及分区策略,以及raid的配置

技术图片

说明:此页面是网络配置页面

技术图片

说明:此页面是认证方法的配置,一般我们不该它的默认配置,它默认配置是本地验证,也就是用/etc/passwd文件里的内容来验证,当然也可以根据自己的实际情况去配置,可以支持ldap,nis等验证

技术图片

说明:此页面是防火墙和selinux配置页面

技术图片

说明:此页面是显示配置,可以配置是否安装图形环境,是否第一次启动时初始化

技术图片

说明:以上页面上包的选择配置页面,我们需要装什么包就在里面打对勾就好

技术图片

说明:此页面是我们写安装前的脚本,我们希望系统安装前需要干什么事可以用脚本的方式告诉它

技术图片

说明:此页面是定制安装后需要跑的脚本内容,如上,我们写了一个yum仓库的配置,系统安装后自动就会有此仓库配置

配置好以上后我们找到文件按钮,然后点击里面的save ,然后选择位置,就可以把我们之前的选项生成一个kictstart文件

技术图片

技术图片

[root@localhost Desktop]# cat ks.cfg 
#platform=x86, AMD64, or Intel EM64T
#version=DEVEL
# Firewall configuration
firewall --disabled
# Install OS instead of upgrade
install
# Use network installation
url --url="http://172.16.56.5/centos/6/os/x86_64"
# Root password
rootpw --plaintext admin
# System authorization information
auth  --useshadow  --passalgo=sha512
# Use text mode install
text
# System keyboard
keyboard us
# System language
lang en_US
# SELinux configuration
selinux --disabled
# Do not configure the X Window System
skipx
# Installation logging level
logging --level=info
# Reboot after installation
reboot
# System timezone
timezone  Africa/Abidjan
# Network information
network  --bootproto=dhcp --device=eth0 --onboot=on
# System bootloader configuration
bootloader --location=mbr --password="admin"
# Clear the Master Boot Record
zerombr
# Partition clearing information
clearpart --all --initlabel 
# Disk partitioning information
part /home --fstype="ext4" --size=10240
part swap --fstype="swap" --size=2048
part / --fstype="ext4" --size=40960
part /data --fstype="ext4" --size=20480
part /boot --fstype="ext4" --size=500

%post
mkdir /etc/yum.repo.d/bak_repo
mv *.repo /etc/yum.repo.d/bak_repo
cat > /etc/yum.repo.d/myrepo.repo<< EOF
[mybase]
name=mybase
baseurl=http://172.16.56.5/centos/6/os/x86_64
gpgcheck=0
EOF
%end

%packages
@base

%end

 至此我们用system-config-kickstart工具就制作好了我们的应答文件。

准备启动相关文件

[root@localhost tftpboot]# yum install -y syslinux
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Setting up Install Process
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package syslinux.x86_64 0:4.04-3.el6 will be installed
--> Processing Dependency: syslinux-nonlinux for package: syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64
--> Running transaction check
---> Package syslinux-nonlinux.noarch 0:4.04-3.el6 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=======================================================================================
 Package                    Arch            Version              Repository       Size
=======================================================================================
Installing:
 syslinux                   x86_64          4.04-3.el6           mybase          346 k
Installing for dependencies:
 syslinux-nonlinux          noarch          4.04-3.el6           mybase          584 k

Transaction Summary
=======================================================================================
Install       2 Package(s)

Total download size: 929 k
Installed size: 2.2 M
Downloading Packages:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total                                                   26 MB/s | 929 kB     00:00     
Running rpm_check_debug
Running Transaction Test
Transaction Test Succeeded
Running Transaction
  Installing : syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch                                 1/2 
  Installing : syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64                                          2/2 
  Verifying  : syslinux-4.04-3.el6.x86_64                                          1/2 
  Verifying  : syslinux-nonlinux-4.04-3.el6.noarch                                 2/2 

Installed:
  syslinux.x86_64 0:4.04-3.el6                                                         

Dependency Installed:
  syslinux-nonlinux.noarch 0:4.04-3.el6                                                

Complete!
[root@localhost tftpboot]# find / -name pxelinux.0
/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0
[root@localhost tftpboot]#

  说明:我们安装syslinux这个包目的是这个包里有pxelinux.0这个文件

[root@localhost tftpboot]# mkdir /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg
[root@localhost tftpboot]# pwd
/var/lib/tftpboot
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 .
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} . 
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/isolinux/{boot.msg,vesamenu.c32,splash.jpg} .
[root@localhost tftpboot]# tree
.
├── boot.msg
├── initrd.img
├── pxelinux.0
├── pxelinux.cfg
├── splash.jpg
├── vesamenu.c32
└── vmlinuz

1 directory, 6 files
[root@localhost tftpboot]# 

说明:我们需要vmlinuz(压缩的内核文件),initrd.img(根文件,存放系统启动需要挂载的驱动),pxelinux.0(系统引导文件,作用类似bootloader),boot.msg,vesamenu.c32,splash.jpg(这个图片就是我们装系统时选择怎么安装后面那个背景图片)

准备启动菜单文件

[root@localhost tftpboot]# cp /misc/cd/isolinux/isolinux.cfg pxelinux.cfg/default
[root@localhost tftpboot]# cat pxelinux.cfg/default 
default vesamenu.c32
#prompt 1
timeout 60

display boot.msg

menu background splash.jpg
menu title Welcome to CentOS 6.9!
menu color border 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color sel 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color title 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color tabmsg 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color unsel 0 #ffffffff #00000000
menu color hotsel 0 #ff000000 #ffffffff
menu color hotkey 7 #ffffffff #ff000000
menu color scrollbar 0 #ffffffff #00000000

label auto
  menu label ^Auto install  an  system
  menu default
  kernel vmlinuz
  append initrd=initrd.img ks=http://172.16.56.5/centos/6/ks/centos6.cfg
label local
  menu label Boot from ^local drive
  localboot 0xffff
[root@localhost tftpboot]# 

  说明:启动菜单在光盘的ioslinux目录下就有一个isolinux.cfg文件,这个文件定义了启动菜单内容,和ks自动安装脚本的位置。

测试

新建一个虚拟机,把网络和pxe服务器设置在同一局域网里,然后打开电源

技术图片

说明:启动虚拟机时,寻找DHCP服务器

技术图片

说明:找到DHCP服务器后,显示我们之前定制的菜单

技术图片

说明:加载vmlinuz和initrd.img文件

技术图片

说明:自动安装我们选择需要装的包

技术图片

 说明:系统自动安装完毕,自动重启后,登录系统的界面。至此pxe自动安装系统环境我们就搭建完毕。

 

Linux PXE自动化安装centos6系统

标签:启动   ogg   div   sample   安装   gtest   selinux   version   tla   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/qiuhom-1874/p/11789583.html

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