python路径操作

from os import path

p = path.join("/xpc","sysconfig","network")#构建一个目录，它和存在不存在是两回事。
print(type(p),p)
print(path.exists(p))
print(path.split(p))#(head,tail)
print(path.abspath("."))#绝对路径，点代表当前路径
p = path.join("f:/",p,"test.txt")
print(path.dirname(p))
print(path.basename(p))
print(path.splitdrive(p))

p1 = path.abspath(__file__)
print(p1,path.basename(p1))
while p1!=path.dirname(p1):
    p1=path.dirname(p1)
    print(p1,path.basename(p1))

结果为：
<class ‘str‘> /xpc\sysconfig\network
False
(‘/xpc\\sysconfig‘, ‘network‘)
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\studytset\xpc1
f:/xpc\sysconfig\network
test.txt
(‘f:‘, ‘/xpc\\sysconfig\\network\\test.txt‘)
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\studytset\xpc1\test2.py test2.py
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\studytset\xpc1 xpc1
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\studytset studytset
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects PycharmProjects
C:\Users\Administrator Administrator
C:\Users Users
C:\ 

from pathlib import Path

p = Path()#当前目录
print(p)
p = Path("a","b","c/d")#当前目录下的a/b/c/d
print(p)
p = Path("/xpc")#跟下的xpc目录
print(p)

结果为：
.
a\b\c\d
\xpc

from pathlib import Path

p = Path()#当前目录
print(p,type(p))#window和Linux不一样
print(p.absolute())#绝对路径

print(p.joinpath("a","b"))#a/b,它创建了一个新的，所以要用需要创建一个新的对象接着

p = Path("a","b","c/d")#当前目录下的a/b/c/d
print(p,p.absolute())
p=p/"e"/"f"#不带p会出错。需要带个对象。
print(p)
p/="g"
print(p)
p = Path("/xpc")#跟下的xpc目录
print(p,p.absolute())


结果为：
. <class ‘pathlib.WindowsPath‘>
C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\studytset\xpc1
a\b
a\b\c\d C:\Users\Administrator\PycharmProjects\studytset\xpc1\a\b\c\d
a\b\c\d\e\f
a\b\c\d\e\f\g
\xpc C:\xpc

from pathlib import Path

p = Path()#当前目录
p = p/"a"
p1 = "b"/p
p2 = Path("c")
p3 = p2/p1
print(p3.parts)
p4 = p3.joinpath("etc","init.d",Path("httpd"))
print(p4)

结果为：
(‘c‘, ‘b‘, ‘a‘)
c\b\a\etc\init.d\httpd

from pathlib import Path

p = Path("/xpc")
print(str(p),bytes(p))

结果为：
\xpc b‘\\xpc‘

from pathlib import Path

p = Path("/a/b/c/d")
print(p.parent)
print(p.parent.parent)
for x in p.parents:
    print(x)

结果为：
\a\b\c
\a\b
\a\b\c
\a\b
\a
\

from pathlib import Path

p = Path("/a/b/c/d")
print(p.parent.parent)
for x in p.parents:#可迭代对象
    print(x)

结果为：
\a\b
\a\b\c
\a\b
\a
\

from pathlib import Path

p = Path("/xpc/mysqlubstkk/mysql.tar.gz")
print(p.name)
print(p.suffix)
print(p.suffixes)
print(p.stem)
print(p.with_name("mysql-5.tgz"))
p = Path("README")
print(p.with_suffix(".txt"))

结果为：
mysql.tar.gz
.gz
[‘.tar‘, ‘.gz‘]
mysql.tar
\xpc\mysqlubstkk\mysql-5.tgz
README.txt

from pathlib import Path

p = Path("/xpc/mysqlubstkk/mysql.tar.gz")
print(p.name)
print(p.suffix)
print(p.suffixes)
print(p.stem)
print(p.with_name("mysql-5.tgz"))
p = Path("README")
print(p.with_suffix(".txt"))#变成了新路径

结果为：
mysql.tar.gz
.gz
[‘.tar‘, ‘.gz‘]
mysql.tar
\xpc\mysqlubstkk\mysql-5.tgz
README.txt

from pathlib import Path

p = Path()
p /="a/b/c/d"
print(p.exists())

#创建目录
#p.mkdir()#FileNotFoundError: [WinError 3] 系统找不到指定的路径。: ‘a\\b\\c\\d‘
p.mkdir(parents=True)
print(p.exists())
p.mkdir(parents=True)
p.mkdir(parents=True,exist_ok=True)
P /= "readme.txt"
p.parent.rmdir()
p.parent.exists()
p.mkdir()
p.mkdir(parents=True)

#遍历，并判断文件类型，如果是目录是否可以判断其是否为空?
for x in p.parents[len(p.parents)-1].iterdir():
    print(x,end="\t")
    if x.is_dir():
        flag = False
        for _ in x.iterdir():
            flag = True
            break
        #for循环是否可以使用else子句
        print("dir","not empty" if flag else "empty",sep="\t")
    elif x.is_file():
        print("file")
    else:
        print("other file")

from pathlib import Path

p = Path()
print(p)
print(p.cwd())#当前工作目录
print(p.home())
print(p.is_dir())#是否是目录
print(p.is_file())
print(p.is_absolute())
print(p.absolute())
print(p.resolve())#要求对应的路径要存在
print(p.exists())
print(list(Path().glob("t*")))
print(list(Path().glob("*.py")))
print(list(Path().glob("**/*..py")))#相对当前路径，里面所有的。py文件。和rglob等价、
print(Path("a/b.py").match("*.py"))
print(Path("a/b/c.py").match("*.py"))

结果为：
.
F:\project
C:\Users\xpc
True
False
False
F:\project
F:\project
True
[WindowsPath(‘test.py‘), WindowsPath(‘test1.py‘)]
[WindowsPath(‘test.py‘), WindowsPath(‘test1.py‘), WindowsPath(‘xyz.py‘)]
[]
True
True

from pathlib import Path

print(Path("a/b.py").match("*.py"))
print(Path("a/b/c.py").match("b/*.py"))
print(Path("a/b/c.py").match("a/*.py"))
print(Path("a/b/c.py").match("a/*/*.py"))
print(Path("a/b/c.py").match("a/**/*.py"))
print(Path("a/b/c.py").match("**/*.py"))

结果为：
True
True
False
True
True
True

from pathlib import Path

p = Path("test.py")
print(p.stat())
#p1 = Path("t")
#p1.stat()
print(p.lstat())

结果为：
os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=844424930132020, st_dev=870516, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=111, st_atime=1575817742, st_mtime=1576161010, st_ctime=1575817742)
os.stat_result(st_mode=33206, st_ino=844424930132020, st_dev=870516, st_nlink=1, st_uid=0, st_gid=0, st_size=111, st_atime=1575817742, st_mtime=1576161010, st_ctime=1575817742)

from pathlib import Path

p = Path("my_binary_file")
p.write_bytes(b"binary file conents")
print(p.read_bytes())

P = Path("my_test_file")
p.write_text("xpc")
print(p.read_text())

p = Path("f:/test.py")
p.write_text("hello python")
print(p.read_text())
with p.open() as f:
    print(f.read(5))

结果为：
b‘binary file conents‘
xpc
hello python
hello