码迷,mamicode.com
首页 > 编程语言 > 详细

C#编程(5_数组)

时间:2014-10-31 18:39:26      阅读:271      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:style   blog   io   color   ar   使用   for   sp   div   

  数组具有以下属性:

  • 数组可以是一维、多维或交错的。

  • 当创建了数组实例时,将建立维度数和每个维度的长度。 在实例的生存期内,这些值不能更改。

  • 数值数组元素的默认值设置为零,而引用元素的默认值设置为 null。

  • 交错数组是数组的数组,因此其元素是引用类型并初始化为 null。

  • 数组的索引从零开始:具有 n 个元素的数组的索引是从 0 到 n-1。

  • 数组元素可以是任何类型,包括数组类型。

  • 数组类型是从抽象基类型 Array派生的引用类型。 由于此类型实现了 IEnumerable 和 IEnumerable<T>,因此可以对 C# 中的所有数组使用foreach 迭代。

下面的示例创建一维、多维和交错数组:

class TestArraysClass
{
    static void Main()
    {
        // Declare a single-dimensional array 
        int[] array1 = new int[5];

        // Declare and set array element values
        int[] array2 = new int[] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };

        // Alternative syntax
        int[] array3 = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 };

        // Declare a two dimensional array
        int[,] multiDimensionalArray1 = new int[2, 3];

        // Declare and set array element values
        int[,] multiDimensionalArray2 = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } };

        // Declare a jagged array
        int[][] jaggedArray = new int[6][];

        // Set the values of the first array in the jagged array structure
        jaggedArray[0] = new int[4] { 1, 2, 3, 4 };
    }
}

  多维数组:

// Two-dimensional array.
int[,] array2D = new int[,] { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } };
// The same array with dimensions specified.
int[,] array2Da = new int[4, 2] { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } };
// A similar array with string elements.
string[,] array2Db = new string[3, 2] { { "one", "two" }, { "three", "four" },
                                        { "five", "six" } };

// Three-dimensional array.
int[, ,] array3D = new int[,,] { { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }, 
                                 { { 7, 8, 9 }, { 10, 11, 12 } } };
// The same array with dimensions specified.
int[, ,] array3Da = new int[2, 2, 3] { { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }, 
                                       { { 7, 8, 9 }, { 10, 11, 12 } } };

// Accessing array elements.
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[0, 0]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[0, 1]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[1, 0]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[1, 1]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2D[3, 0]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array2Db[1, 0]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array3Da[1, 0, 1]);
System.Console.WriteLine(array3D[1, 1, 2]);

// Getting the total count of elements or the length of a given dimension.
var allLength = array3D.Length;
var total = 1;
for (int i = 0; i < array3D.Rank; i++) {
    total *= array3D.GetLength(i);
}
System.Console.WriteLine("{0} equals {1}", allLength, total);

// Output:
// 1
// 2
// 3
// 4
// 7
// three
// 8
// 12
// 12 equals 12

  交错数组:

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Declare the array of two elements:
        int[][] arr = new int[2][];

        // Initialize the elements:
        arr[0] = new int[5] { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 };
        arr[1] = new int[4] { 2, 4, 6, 8 };

        // Display the array elements:
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
        {
            System.Console.Write("Element({0}): ", i);

            for (int j = 0; j < arr[i].Length; j++)
            {
                System.Console.Write("{0}{1}", arr[i][j], j == (arr[i].Length - 1) ? "" : " ");
            }
            System.Console.WriteLine();
        }
        // Keep the console window open in debug mode.
        System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        System.Console.ReadKey();
        Console.ReadKey();
        /* Output:
    Element(0): 1 3 5 7 9
    Element(1): 2 4 6 8
*/
    }
};

  对数组使用foreach:

int[] numbers = { 4, 5, 6, 1, 2, 3, -2, -1, 0 };
foreach (int i in numbers)
{
    System.Console.Write("{0} ", i);
}
// Output: 4 5 6 1 2 3 -2 -1 0
int[,] numbers2D = new int[3, 2] { { 9, 99 }, { 3, 33 }, { 5, 55 } };
// Or use the short form:
// int[,] numbers2D = { { 9, 99 }, { 3, 33 }, { 5, 55 } };

foreach (int i in numbers2D)
{
    System.Console.Write("{0} ", i);
}
// Output: 9 99 3 33 5 55

  将数组作为参数传递:

在下面的示例中,将初始化一个字符串数组并将其作为参数传递到字符串的 PrintArray 方法。 该方法显示数组的元素。 接下来,调用 ChangeArray和 ChangeArrayElement 方法以演示通过值发送数组参数时不会阻止更改这些数组元素。

class ArrayClass
{
    static void PrintArray(string[] arr)
    {
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.Length; i++)
        {
            System.Console.Write(arr[i] + "{0}", i < arr.Length - 1 ? " " : "");
        }
        System.Console.WriteLine();
    }

    static void ChangeArray(string[] arr)
    {
        // The following attempt to reverse the array does not persist when
        // the method returns, because arr is a value parameter.
        arr = (arr.Reverse()).ToArray();
        // The following statement displays Sat as the first element in the array.
        System.Console.WriteLine("arr[0] is {0} in ChangeArray.", arr[0]);
    }

    static void ChangeArrayElements(string[] arr)
    {
        // The following assignments change the value of individual array 
        // elements. 
        arr[0] = "Sat";
        arr[1] = "Fri";
        arr[2] = "Thu";
        // The following statement again displays Sat as the first element
        // in the array arr, inside the called method.
        System.Console.WriteLine("arr[0] is {0} in ChangeArrayElements.", arr[0]);
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        // Declare and initialize an array.
        string[] weekDays = { "Sun", "Mon", "Tue", "Wed", "Thu", "Fri", "Sat" };

        // Pass the array as an argument to PrintArray.
        PrintArray(weekDays);

        // ChangeArray tries to change the array by assigning something new
        // to the array in the method. 
        ChangeArray(weekDays);

        // Print the array again, to verify that it has not been changed.
        System.Console.WriteLine("Array weekDays after the call to ChangeArray:");
        PrintArray(weekDays);
        System.Console.WriteLine();

        // ChangeArrayElements assigns new values to individual array
        // elements.
        ChangeArrayElements(weekDays);

        // The changes to individual elements persist after the method returns.
        // Print the array, to verify that it has been changed.
        System.Console.WriteLine("Array weekDays after the call to ChangeArrayElements:");
        PrintArray(weekDays);
        Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
// Output: 
// Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
// arr[0] is Sat in ChangeArray.
// Array weekDays after the call to ChangeArray:
// Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat
// 
// arr[0] is Sat in ChangeArrayElements.
// Array weekDays after the call to ChangeArrayElements:
// Sat Fri Thu Wed Thu Fri Sat
class ArrayClass2D
{
    static void Print2DArray(int[,] arr)
    {
        // Display the array elements.
        for (int i = 0; i < arr.GetLength(0); i++)
        {
            for (int j = 0; j < arr.GetLength(1); j++)
            {
                System.Console.WriteLine("Element({0},{1})={2}", i, j, arr[i, j]);
            }
        }
    }
    static void Main()
    {
        // Pass the array as an argument.
        Print2DArray(new int[,] { { 1, 2 }, { 3, 4 }, { 5, 6 }, { 7, 8 } });

        // Keep the console window open in debug mode.
        System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        System.Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
/* Output:
    Element(0,0)=1
    Element(0,1)=2
    Element(1,0)=3
    Element(1,1)=4
    Element(2,0)=5
    Element(2,1)=6
    Element(3,0)=7
    Element(3,1)=8
*/

在此示例中,在调用方(Main 方法)中声明数组 theArray,并在 FillArray 方法中初始化此数组。 然后,数组元素将返回调用方并显示。

class TestOut
{
    static void FillArray(out int[] arr)
    {
        // Initialize the array:
        arr = new int[5] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        int[] theArray; // Initialization is not required

        // Pass the array to the callee using out:
        FillArray(out theArray);

        // Display the array elements:
        System.Console.WriteLine("Array elements are:");
        for (int i = 0; i < theArray.Length; i++)
        {
            System.Console.Write(theArray[i] + " ");
        }

        // Keep the console window open in debug mode.
        System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        System.Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
    /* Output:
        Array elements are:
        1 2 3 4 5        
    */
在此示例中,在调用方(Main 方法)中初始化数组 theArray,并通过使用 ref 参数将其传递给 FillArray 方法。 在 FillArray 方法中更新某些数组元素。 然后,数组元素将返回调用方并显示。
class TestRef
{
    static void FillArray(ref int[] arr)
    {
        // Create the array on demand:
        if (arr == null)
        {
            arr = new int[10];
        }
        // Fill the array:
        arr[0] = 1111;
        arr[4] = 5555;
    }

    static void Main()
    {
        // Initialize the array:
        int[] theArray = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 };

        // Pass the array using ref:
        FillArray(ref theArray);

        // Display the updated array:
        System.Console.WriteLine("Array elements are:");
        for (int i = 0; i < theArray.Length; i++)
        {
            System.Console.Write(theArray[i] + " ");
        }

        // Keep the console window open in debug mode.
        System.Console.WriteLine("Press any key to exit.");
        System.Console.ReadKey();
    }
}
    /* Output:
        Array elements are:
        1111 2 3 4 5555
    */

 

C#编程(5_数组)

标签:style   blog   io   color   ar   使用   for   sp   div   

原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/haizhibin1989/p/4065573.html

(0)
(0)
   
举报
评论 一句话评论(0
登录后才能评论!
© 2014 mamicode.com 版权所有  联系我们:gaon5@hotmail.com
迷上了代码!