标签:oid lex manager update 数据 sources zed 发送消息 dac
一.前言
申明:WPF自定义控件与样式是一个系列文章,前后是有些关联的,但大多是按照由简到繁的顺序逐步发布的,若有不明白的地方可以参考本系列前面的文章,文末附有部分文章链接。
MVVM是WPF中一个非常实用的编程模式,充分利用了WPF的绑定机制,体现了WPF数据驱动的优势。
关于MVVM网上很多介绍或者示例,本文不多做介绍了,本文的主要目的是提供一个轻量级的View Model实现,本文的主要内容:
- 依赖通知InotifyPropertyChanged实现;
- 命令Icommand的实现;
- 消息的实现;
- 一个简单MVVM示例;
对于是否要使用MVVM、如何使用,个人觉得根据具体需求可以灵活处理,不用纠结于模式本身。用了MVVM,后置*.cs文件就不一定不允许写任何代码,混合着用也是没有问题的, 只要自己决的方便、代码结构清晰、维护方便即可。
二.依赖通知InotifyPropertyChanged实现
依赖通知InotifyPropertyChanged是很简单的一个接口,是View Model标配的接口,一个典型的实现(BaseNotifyPropertyChanged):
/// <summary>
/// 实现了属性更改通知的基类
/// </summary>
public class BaseNotifyPropertyChanged : System.ComponentModel.INotifyPropertyChanged
{
/// <summary>
/// 属性值变化时发生
/// </summary>
/// <param name="propertyName"></param>
protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
{
if (this.PropertyChanged != null)
this.PropertyChanged(this, new System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
}
public virtual event System.ComponentModel.PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;
}
然后使用方式就是这样的:
public int _Age;
public int Age
{
get { return this._Age; }
set { this._Age = value; base.OnPropertyChanged("Age"); }
}
上面的代码有硬编码,有代码洁癖的人就不爽了,因此网上有多种解决方式,比如这篇:WPF MVVM之INotifyPropertyChanged接口的几种实现方式。本文的实现方式如下,使用表达式树:
/// <summary>
/// 属性值变化时发生
/// </summary>
/// <param name="propertyName"></param>
protected virtual void OnPropertyChanged<T>(Expression<Func<T>> propertyExpression)
{
var propertyName = (propertyExpression.Body as MemberExpression).Member.Name;
this.OnPropertyChanged(propertyName);
}
使用上避免了硬编码,使用示例:
public string _Name;
public string Name
{
get { return this._Name; }
set { this._Name = value; base.OnPropertyChanged(() => this.Name); }
}
三.命令Icommand的实现
命令的实现也很简单,实现Icommand的几个接口就OK了, 考虑到使用时能更加方便,无参数RelayCommand实现:
/// <summary>
/// 广播命令:基本ICommand实现接口
/// </summary>
public class RelayCommand : ICommand
{
public Action ExecuteCommand { get; private set; }
public Func<bool> CanExecuteCommand { get; private set; }
public RelayCommand(Action executeCommand, Func<bool> canExecuteCommand)
{
this.ExecuteCommand = executeCommand;
this.CanExecuteCommand = canExecuteCommand;
}
public RelayCommand(Action executeCommand)
: this(executeCommand, null) { }
/// <summary>
/// 定义在调用此命令时调用的方法。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameter">此命令使用的数据。如果此命令不需要传递数据,则该对象可以设置为 null。</param>
public void Execute(object parameter)
{
if (this.ExecuteCommand != null) this.ExecuteCommand();
}
/// <summary>
/// 定义用于确定此命令是否可以在其当前状态下执行的方法。
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// 如果可以执行此命令,则为 true;否则为 false。
/// </returns>
/// <param name="parameter">此命令使用的数据。如果此命令不需要传递数据,则该对象可以设置为 null。</param>
public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
{
return CanExecuteCommand == null || CanExecuteCommand();
}
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
{
add { if (this.CanExecuteCommand != null) CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
remove { if (this.CanExecuteCommand != null) CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
}
}
泛型参数RelayCommand<T>的版本:
/// <summary>
/// 广播命令:基本ICommand实现接口,带参数
/// </summary>
public class RelayCommand<T> : ICommand
{
public Action<T> ExecuteCommand { get; private set; }
public Predicate<T> CanExecuteCommand { get; private set; }
public RelayCommand(Action<T> executeCommand, Predicate<T> canExecuteCommand)
{
this.ExecuteCommand = executeCommand;
this.CanExecuteCommand = canExecuteCommand;
}
public RelayCommand(Action<T> executeCommand)
: this(executeCommand, null) { }
/// <summary>
/// 定义在调用此命令时调用的方法。
/// </summary>
/// <param name="parameter">此命令使用的数据。如果此命令不需要传递数据,则该对象可以设置为 null。</param>
public void Execute(object parameter)
{
if (this.ExecuteCommand != null) this.ExecuteCommand((T)parameter);
}
/// <summary>
/// 定义用于确定此命令是否可以在其当前状态下执行的方法。
/// </summary>
/// <returns>
/// 如果可以执行此命令,则为 true;否则为 false。
/// </returns>
/// <param name="parameter">此命令使用的数据。如果此命令不需要传递数据,则该对象可以设置为 null。</param>
public bool CanExecute(object parameter)
{
return CanExecuteCommand == null || CanExecuteCommand((T)parameter);
}
public event EventHandler CanExecuteChanged
{
add { if (this.CanExecuteCommand != null) CommandManager.RequerySuggested += value; }
remove { if (this.CanExecuteCommand != null) CommandManager.RequerySuggested -= value; }
}
}
带参数和不带参数的命令XAML绑定方式:
<core:FButton Margin="5 0 0 0" Command="{Binding ShowUserCommand}">ShowUser</core:FButton>
<core:FButton Margin="5 0 0 0" Command="{Binding SetNameCommand}" FIcon=""
CommandParameter="{Binding Text,ElementName=txtSetName}">SetName</core:FButton>
上面是针对提供Command模式的控件示例, 但对于其他事件呢,比如MouseOver如何绑定呢?可以借用System.Windows.Interactivity.dll,其中的 Interaction 可以帮助我们实现对命令的绑定,这是在微软Blend中提供的。添加dll应用,然后添加命名空间:
xmlns:i="clr-namespace:System.Windows.Interactivity;assembly=System.Windows.Interactivity"
<TextBlock VerticalAlignment="Center" Margin="5 0 0 0" Text="MoseOver" x:Name="txbMessage">
<i:Interaction.Triggers>
<i:EventTrigger EventName="MouseMove">
<i:InvokeCommandAction Command="{Binding MouseOverCommand}" CommandParameter="{Binding ElementName=txbMessage}"></i:InvokeCommandAction>
</i:EventTrigger>
</i:Interaction.Triggers>
</TextBlock>
四.消息的实现
消息类Messenger主要目的是实现View与View Model及各个模块之间的通信。本文的消息类Messenger,参考自网络开源的实现(MVVMFoundation)。实现了松散耦合的消息通知机制,对于消息传输参数,内部使用了弱引用(WeakReference),以防止内存泄漏代码:
/// <summary>
/// Provides loosely-coupled messaging between various colleague objects. All references to objects are stored weakly, to prevent memory leaks.
/// 提供松散耦合的消息通知机制,为防止内存泄漏,所有对象都使用了弱引用(WeakReference)
/// </summary>
public class Messenger
{
#region Constructor
public Messenger()
{
}
#endregion // Constructor
#region Register
/// <summary>
/// Registers a callback method, with no parameter, to be invoked when a specific message is broadcasted.
/// 注册消息监听
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">The message to register for.</param>
/// <param name="callback">The callback to be called when this message is broadcasted.</param>
public void Register(string message, Action callback)
{
this.Register(message, callback, null);
}
/// <summary>
/// Registers a callback method, with a parameter, to be invoked when a specific message is broadcasted.
/// 注册消息监听
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">The message to register for.</param>
/// <param name="callback">The callback to be called when this message is broadcasted.</param>
public void Register<T>(string message, Action<T> callback)
{
this.Register(message, callback, typeof(T));
}
void Register(string message, Delegate callback, Type parameterType)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
throw new ArgumentException("‘message‘ cannot be null or empty.");
if (callback == null)
throw new ArgumentNullException("callback");
this.VerifyParameterType(message, parameterType);
_messageToActionsMap.AddAction(message, callback.Target, callback.Method, parameterType);
}
[Conditional("DEBUG")]
void VerifyParameterType(string message, Type parameterType)
{
Type previouslyRegisteredParameterType = null;
if (_messageToActionsMap.TryGetParameterType(message, out previouslyRegisteredParameterType))
{
if (previouslyRegisteredParameterType != null && parameterType != null)
{
if (!previouslyRegisteredParameterType.Equals(parameterType))
throw new InvalidOperationException(string.Format(
"The registered action‘s parameter type is inconsistent with the previously registered actions for message ‘{0}‘.\nExpected: {1}\nAdding: {2}",
message,
previouslyRegisteredParameterType.FullName,
parameterType.FullName));
}
else
{
// One, or both, of previouslyRegisteredParameterType or callbackParameterType are null.
if (previouslyRegisteredParameterType != parameterType) // not both null?
{
throw new TargetParameterCountException(string.Format(
"The registered action has a number of parameters inconsistent with the previously registered actions for message \"{0}\".\nExpected: {1}\nAdding: {2}",
message,
previouslyRegisteredParameterType == null ? 0 : 1,
parameterType == null ? 0 : 1));
}
}
}
}
#endregion // Register
#region Notify
/// <summary>
/// Notifies all registered parties that a message is being broadcasted.
/// 发送消息通知,触发监听执行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">The message to broadcast.</param>
/// <param name="parameter">The parameter to pass together with the message.</param>
public void Notify(string message, object parameter)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
throw new ArgumentException("‘message‘ cannot be null or empty.");
Type registeredParameterType;
if (_messageToActionsMap.TryGetParameterType(message, out registeredParameterType))
{
if (registeredParameterType == null)
throw new TargetParameterCountException(string.Format("Cannot pass a parameter with message ‘{0}‘. Registered action(s) expect no parameter.", message));
}
var actions = _messageToActionsMap.GetActions(message);
if (actions != null)
actions.ForEach(action => action.DynamicInvoke(parameter));
}
/// <summary>
/// Notifies all registered parties that a message is being broadcasted.
/// 发送消息通知,触发监听执行
/// </summary>
/// <param name="message">The message to broadcast.</param>
public void Notify(string message)
{
if (String.IsNullOrEmpty(message))
throw new ArgumentException("‘message‘ cannot be null or empty.");
Type registeredParameterType;
if (_messageToActionsMap.TryGetParameterType(message, out registeredParameterType))
{
if (registeredParameterType != null)
throw new TargetParameterCountException(string.Format("Must pass a parameter of type {0} with this message. Registered action(s) expect it.", registeredParameterType.FullName));
}
var actions = _messageToActionsMap.GetActions(message);
if (actions != null)
actions.ForEach(action => action.DynamicInvoke());
}
#endregion // NotifyColleauges
#region MessageToActionsMap [nested class]
/// <summary>
/// This class is an implementation detail of the Messenger class.
/// </summary>
private class MessageToActionsMap
{
#region Constructor
internal MessageToActionsMap()
{
}