必须掌握的50条Linux基础操作命令

$ ssh -l jsmith remotehost.example.com

$ ssh -v -l jsmith remotehost.example.com

$ ssh -V

$ sed ‘s/.$//‘ filename

$ sed -n ‘1!G; h; p‘ filename

$ sed ‘/./=‘ thegeekstuff.txt | sed ‘N; s/\n/ /‘

$ tar cvf archive_name.tar dirname/

$ tar xvf archive_name.tar

$ tar tvf archive_name.tar

$ grep -i "the" demo_file

$ grep -A 3 -i "example" demo_text

$ grep -r "ramesh" *

$ find -iname "MyProgram.c"

$ find -iname "MyProgram.c" -exec md5sum {} \;

$ find ~ -empty

$ awk ‘!($0 in array) { array[$0]; print}‘ temp

$ awk -F ‘:‘ ‘$3=$4‘ /etc/passwd

$ awk ‘{print $2,$5;}‘ employee.txt

$ vim +10 filename.txt

$ vim +/search-term filename.txt

$ vim -R /etc/passwd

$ diff -w name_list.txt name_list_new.txt

$ sort names.txt

$ sort -r names.txt

$ sort -t: -k 3n /etc/passwd | more

$ export | grep ORCALE
declare -x ORACLE_BASE="/u01/app/oracle"
declare -x ORACLE_HOME="/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0"
declare -x ORACLE_SID="med"
declare -x ORACLE_TERM="xterm"

$ export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/10.2.0

$ ls *.jpg | xargs -n1 -i cp {} /external-hard-drive/directory

$ find / -name *.jpg -type f -print | xargs tar -cvzf images.tar.gz

$ cat url-list.txt | xargs wget –c

$ ls -lh-rw-r----- 1 ramesh team-dev 8.9M Jun 12 15:27 arch-linux.txt.gz

$ ls -ltr

$ ls -F

$ gzip test.txt

$ gzip -d test.txt.gz

$ gzip -l *.gz

$ bzip2 test.txt

bzip2 -d test.txt.bz2

$ unzip test.zip

$ unzip -l jasper.zipArchive: jasper.zipLength 

$ shutdown -h now

$ shutdown -h +10

$ shutdown -r now

$ shutdown -Fr now

$ ftp IP/hostname

ftp> mget *.html

ftp> mls *.html -/ftptest/features.html/ftptest/index.html/ftptest/othertools.html/ftptest/samplereport.html/ftptest/usage.html

$ crontab -u john -l

*/10 * * * * /home/ramesh/check-disk-space

$ service ssh status

$ service --status-all

$ service ssh restart

$ ps -ef | more

$ ps -efH | more

$ free

$ free -g

$ free -t

Current Sort Field: P for window 1:DefSelect sort field via field letter, type any other key to return

a: PID = Process Id v: nDRT = Dirty Pages count

d: UID = User Id y: WCHAN = Sleeping in Function

e: USER = User Name z: Flags = Task Flags

........

$ top -u oracle

$ df -kFilesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on/dev/sda1 29530400 3233104 24797232 12% //dev/sda2 120367992 50171596 64082060 44% /home

$ df -h

$ df -T

$ ps -ef | grep vim

ramesh 7243 7222 9 22:43 pts/2 00:00:00 vim

$ kill -9 7243

$ rm -i filename.txt

$ rm -i file*

$ rm -r example

$ cp -p file1 file2

$ cp -i file1 file2

$ mv -i file1 file2

$ mv -v file1 file2

$ cat file1 file2

$ cat -n /etc/logrotate.conf/var/log/btmp {

missingok3     monthly4     create 0660 root utmp5     rotate 16 }

# mkdir /u01

# mount /dev/sdb1 /u01

/dev/sdb1 /u01 ext2 defaults 0 2

$ chmod ug+rwx file.txt

$ chmod g-rwx file.txt

$ chmod -R ug+rwx file.txt

$ chown oracle:dba dbora.sh

$ chown -R oracle:dba /home/oracle

$ passwd

# passwd USERNAM

# passwd -d USERNAME

$ mkdir ~/temp

$ mkdir -p dir1/dir2/dir3/dir4/

$ ifconfig eth0 up
$ ifconfig eth0 down

$ uname -a
Linux localhost.localdomain 4.18.16-200.fc28.x86_64 #1 SMP Sat Oct 20 23:53:47 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux

$ whereis ls

$ whereis -u -B /tmp -f lsmk

lsmk: /tmp/lsmk

$ whatis ls

ls        (1) - list directory contents

$ whatis ifconfig

ifconfig (8) - configure a network interface

$ locate

$ man crontab

$ man SECTION-NUMBER commandname

$ whatis crontab

crontab (1) - maintain crontab files for individual users (V3)

crontab (5) - tables for driving cron

$ man 5 crontab

$ tail filename.txt

$ tail -n N filename.txt

$ tail -f log-file

$ less huge-log-file.log

CTRL+F – forward one window

CTRL+B – backward one window

$ su - USERNAME

[Jack@dev-server]$ su - test -c ‘ls‘

Jack@dev-server]$

$ su -s ‘SHELLNAME‘ USERNAME

$ mysql -u root -p -h 192.168.1.2

$ mysql -u root -p

$ yum install httpd

$ yum update httpd

$ yum remove httpd

# rpm -ivh httpd-2.2.3-22.0.1.el5.i386.rpm

# rpm -uvh httpd-2.2.3-22.0.1.el5.i386.rpm

# rpm -ev httpd

$ ping -c 5 www.baidu.com

# date -s "01/31/2010 23:59:53"

# hwclock –systohc

# hwclock --systohc –utc

$ wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tgz

$ wget -O Python.tgz https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.2/Python-3.6.2.tgz