标签：定义 module UNC 绑定 元组 source bsp 变量 空间
内函数使用了外函数的局部变量,并且外函数把内函数返回出来的过程叫做闭包,这个内函数叫做闭包函数
def outer(): a = 5 def inner(): print(a) return inner
对比正常的局部变量
局部变量的生命周期最短,在调用结束之后,立即释放.
def func(): a = 5 print(a) func() print(a)
执行
def bibao(): people = "孙仲谋" def caocao_say(): print("生子当如%s" % (people)) return caocao_say func = bibao() # func = caocao_say func()
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py 生子当如孙仲谋
示例
def grade(str1): def func_in(str2): print(str1+str2) return func_in a=grade(‘小李:‘) a(‘语文:118‘) b=grade(‘小红:‘) b(‘语文：109‘) b(‘数学：98‘)
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py 小李:语文:118 小红:语文：109 小红:数学：98
示例2
def family(): jiejie = "小红" meimei = "小明" money = 100 def jiejie_hobby(): nonlocal money money -=40 print("姐姐%s喜欢买零食，买了辣条钱还剩下%s" % (jiejie,money)) return money def meimei_hobby(): nonlocal money money -= 30 print("妹妹%s喜欢买衣服,还剩下%s" % (meimei,money)) return money def big_manager(): return (jiejie_hobby,meimei_hobby) return big_manager func = family() # func = big_manager print(func,type(func)) # func() = big_manager() tup = func() print(tup,type(tup)) # 调用姐姐 # jiejie = tup[0] # jiejie() res1 = tup[0]() print(res1) # 调用妹妹 # meimei = tup[1] # meimei() res2 = tup[1]() print(res2)
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py <function family.<locals>.big_manager at 0x7fee9c4f21e0> <class ‘function‘> (<function family.<locals>.jiejie_hobby at 0x7fee9c4f20d0>, <function family.<locals>.meimei_hobby at 0x7fee9c4f2158>) <class ‘tuple‘> 姐姐小红喜欢买零食，买了辣条钱还剩下60 60 妹妹小明喜欢买衣服,还剩下30 30
示例3
def outer(val): def inner(num): return val + num return inner func = outer(10) # func = inner res = func(5) print(res)
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py 15
过程
func = outer(10) val 形参接收到实参值10 因为内函数使用了外函数的局部变量val,val与内函数发生绑定,延长val的生命周期 res = func(5) num 形参接收到实参值5 return 10 + 5 => return 15 返回到函数的调用处 func(5) 是调用处 所以 res = 15
闭包函数.__closure__ 返回单元cell , cell 里面存的是对应的绑定变量 res = func.__closure__ # 获取到一个元组 res = res[0].cell_contents # res[0] 获取元组当中的第一个值 是一个cell单元 通过单元.cell_contents来获取其中的值,就会知道绑定的变量是谁了. cell_contents是一个属性 print(res,type(res)) # print(res.cell_content) # (<cell at 0x000001D6DAE17708: int object at 0x000000005EC26D30>,)
示例
def outer(val): def inner(num): return val + num return inner func = outer(10) # func = inner res = func(5) print(res) print(func.__closure__) print(func.__closure__,type(func.__closure__)) res = func.__closure__[0] print(res,type(res)) res = func.__closure__[0].cell_contents print(res,type(res))
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py 15 (<cell at 0x7fe07763b7f8: int object at 0x7fe07750c7e0>,) (<cell at 0x7fe07763b7f8: int object at 0x7fe07750c7e0>,) <class ‘tuple‘> <cell at 0x7fe07763b7f8: int object at 0x7fe07750c7e0> <class ‘cell‘> 10 <class ‘int‘>
模拟鼠标点击次数
num = 0 def click(): global num num += 1 return num res = click() res = click() res = click() # num = 100 恶意串改,我们获取的值就会出现错误 res = click() res = click() print(res)
使用闭包函数重写鼠标点击次数
def click(): x = 0 def func(): nonlocal x x+=1 return x return func click = click() res = click() res = click() res = click() x = 100 #恶意修改,但是不影响结果 res = click() res = click() print(res)
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py 5
返回字典,获取当前作用域的所有内容
a = 1 b = 2 print(locals())
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py {‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘,
‘__doc__‘: None, 如果在函数里:获取locals()调用之前,该作用域出现的内容\n 如果在函数外:获取locals()打印返回值之前,该作用域出现的内容\n‘,
‘__package__‘: None,
‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x7ffa9ddb7208>,
‘__spec__‘: None, ‘__annotations__‘: {},
‘__builtins__‘: <module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>,
‘__file__‘: ‘test.py‘,
‘__cached__‘: None,
‘a‘: 1,
‘b‘: 2,
‘func‘: <function func at 0x7ffa9de8ae18>, #全局中又这个函数,但是函数内部的局部变量不能获取
‘res‘: {...},
‘c‘: 3}
所在作用域是局部命名空间,获取locals() 调用之前所出现的所有局部命名空间内容
c=3 d = 4 def func(): a = 1 b = 2 res = locals() c = 3 print(res) f = 5 func()
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py {‘b‘: 2, ‘a‘: 1}
2.2 globals()
返回字典,获取全局作用域的所有内容
globals在全局作用域中,只获取globals 打印返回值之前的所有全局空间的内容
a = 1 b = 2 res = globals() print(res) c = 3
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py {‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘,
‘__doc__‘: None,
‘__package__‘: None,
‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x7fcd746f5208>,
‘__spec__‘: None,
‘__annotations__‘: {},
‘__builtins__‘: <module ‘builtins‘ (built-in)>,
‘__file__‘: ‘test.py‘,
‘__cached__‘: None,
‘a‘: 1,
‘b‘: 2,
‘res‘: {...}}
globals在局部作用域中,也仍然获取全局空间的所有内容,但是是在globals,打印返回值之前的所有.
c = 13 d = 14 def func(): a = 11 b = 12 res = globals() print(res) f = 19 func()
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py {‘__name__‘: ‘__main__‘,
‘__doc__‘: None,
‘__package__‘: None,
‘__loader__‘: <_frozen_importlib_external.SourceFileLoader object at 0x7f16a5144208>,
‘__spec__‘: None,
‘__annotations__‘: {},
‘__builtins__‘: <module
‘builtins‘ (built-in)>,
‘__file__‘: ‘test.py‘,
‘__cached__‘: None,
‘c‘: 13,
‘d‘: 14,
‘func‘: <function func at 0x7f16a5217e18>,
‘f‘: 19}
只获取全局,没有ab的值
动态创建全局变量 利用globals
dic = globals() dic[‘hero‘] = "风流倜傥,高大威猛,威武帅气,万人迷" print(hero) # 动态创建5个全局变量p1~p5 def func(): for i in range(1,6): dic["p%d" % (i)] = i func() print(p1) print(p2) print(p3) print(p4) print(p5)
执行
[root@node10 python]# python3 test.py 风流倜傥,高大威猛,威武帅气,万人迷 1 2 3 4 5
016.Python闭包函数以及locals和globals
标签：定义 module UNC 绑定 元组 source bsp 变量 空间
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/zyxnhr/p/12285651.html
