SpringSecurity整合JWT

时间：2020-03-04 22:45:16 阅读：107 评论：0 收藏：0 [点我收藏+]

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分布式认证概念说明
分布式认证，即我们常说的单点登录，简称SSO，指的是在多应用系统的项目中，用户只需要登录一次，就可以访
问所有互相信任的应用系统。
分布式认证流程图
首先，我们要明确，在分布式项目中，每台服务器都有各自独立的session，而这些session之间是无法直接共享资
源的，所以，session通常不能被作为单点登录的技术方案。
最合理的单点登录方案流程如下图所示：

技术图片

总结一下，单点登录的实现分两大环节：
用户认证：这一环节主要是用户向认证服务器发起认证请求，认证服务器给用户返回一个成功的令牌token，
主要在认证服务器中完成，即图中的A系统，注意A系统只能有一个。
身份校验：这一环节是用户携带token去访问其他服务器时，在其他服务器中要对token的真伪进行检验，主
要在资源服务器中完成，即图中的B系统，这里B系统可以有很多个。
JWT介绍
从分布式认证流程中，我们不难发现，这中间起最关键作用的就是token，token的安全与否，直接关系到系统的
健壮性，这里我们选择使用JWT来实现token的生成和校验。
JWT，全称JSON Web Token，官网地址https://jwt.io，是一款出色的分布式身份校验方案。可以生成token，也可
以解析检验token。

JWT生成的token由三部分组成：
头部：主要设置一些规范信息，签名部分的编码格式就在头部中声明。
载荷：token中存放有效信息的部分，比如用户名，用户角色，过期时间等，但是不要放密码，会泄露！
签名：将头部与载荷分别采用base64编码后，用“.”相连，再加入盐，最后使用头部声明的编码类型进行编码，就得到了签名。

JWT生成token的安全性分析:
从JWT生成的token组成上来看，要想避免token被伪造，主要就得看签名部分了，而签名部分又有三部分组成，其
中头部和载荷的base64编码，几乎是透明的，毫无安全性可言，那么最终守护token安全的重担就落在了加入的盐
上面了！

非对称加密RSA介绍
基本原理：同时生成两把密钥：私钥和公钥，私钥隐秘保存，公钥可以下发给信任客户端
私钥加密，持有私钥或公钥才可以解密
公钥加密，持有私钥才可解密
优点：安全，难以破解
缺点：算法比较耗时，为了安全，可以接受
历史：三位数学家Rivest、Shamir 和 Adleman 设计了一种算法，可以实现非对称加密。这种算法用他们三
个人的名字缩写：RSA。
JWT相关工具类
jar包

<dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-api</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.7</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-impl</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.7</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId>
            <artifactId>jjwt-jackson</artifactId>
            <version>0.10.7</version>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

载荷对象

/**
 * @author 黑马程序员
 * 为了方便后期获取token中的用户信息，将token中载荷部分单独封装成一个对象
 */
@Data
public class Payload<T> {
    private String id;
    private T userInfo;
    private Date expiration;
}

public class JsonUtils {

    public static final ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper();

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JsonUtils.class);

    public static String toString(Object obj) {
        if (obj == null) {
            return null;
        }
        if (obj.getClass() == String.class) {
            return (String) obj;
        }
        try {
            return mapper.writeValueAsString(obj);
        } catch (JsonProcessingException e) {
            logger.error("json序列化出错：" + obj, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <T> T toBean(String json, Class<T> tClass) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, tClass);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("json解析出错：" + json, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <E> List<E> toList(String json, Class<E> eClass) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, mapper.getTypeFactory().constructCollectionType(List.class, eClass));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("json解析出错：" + json, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <K, V> Map<K, V> toMap(String json, Class<K> kClass, Class<V> vClass) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, mapper.getTypeFactory().constructMapType(Map.class, kClass, vClass));
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("json解析出错：" + json, e);
            return null;
        }
    }

    public static <T> T nativeRead(String json, TypeReference<T> type) {
        try {
            return mapper.readValue(json, type);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            logger.error("json解析出错：" + json, e);
            return null;
        }
    }
}

public class JwtUtils {

    private static final String JWT_PAYLOAD_USER_KEY = "user";

    /**
     * 私钥加密token
     *
     * @param userInfo   载荷中的数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥
     * @param expire     过期时间，单位分钟
     * @return JWT
     */
    public static String generateTokenExpireInMinutes(Object userInfo, PrivateKey privateKey, int expire) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .claim(JWT_PAYLOAD_USER_KEY, JsonUtils.toString(userInfo))
                .setId(createJTI())
                .setExpiration(DateTime.now().plusMinutes(expire).toDate())
                .signWith(privateKey, SignatureAlgorithm.RS256)
                .compact();
    }

    /**
     * 私钥加密token
     *
     * @param userInfo   载荷中的数据
     * @param privateKey 私钥
     * @param expire     过期时间，单位秒
     * @return JWT
     */
    public static String generateTokenExpireInSeconds(Object userInfo, PrivateKey privateKey, int expire) {
        return Jwts.builder()
                .claim(JWT_PAYLOAD_USER_KEY, JsonUtils.toString(userInfo))
                .setId(createJTI())
                .setExpiration(DateTime.now().plusSeconds(expire).toDate())
                .signWith(privateKey, SignatureAlgorithm.RS256)
                .compact();
    }

    /**
     * 公钥解析token
     *
     * @param token     用户请求中的token
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @return Jws<Claims>
     */
    private static Jws<Claims> parserToken(String token, PublicKey publicKey) {
        return Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(publicKey).parseClaimsJws(token);
    }

    private static String createJTI() {
        return new String(Base64.getEncoder().encode(UUID.randomUUID().toString().getBytes()));
    }

    /**
     * 获取token中的用户信息
     *
     * @param token     用户请求中的令牌
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @return 用户信息
     */
    public static <T> Payload<T> getInfoFromToken(String token, PublicKey publicKey, Class<T> userType) {
        Jws<Claims> claimsJws = parserToken(token, publicKey);
        Claims body = claimsJws.getBody();
        Payload<T> claims = new Payload<>();
        claims.setId(body.getId());
        claims.setUserInfo(JsonUtils.toBean(body.get(JWT_PAYLOAD_USER_KEY).toString(), userType));
        claims.setExpiration(body.getExpiration());
        return claims;
    }

    /**
     * 获取token中的载荷信息
     *
     * @param token     用户请求中的令牌
     * @param publicKey 公钥
     * @return 用户信息
     */
    public static <T> Payload<T> getInfoFromToken(String token, PublicKey publicKey) {
        Jws<Claims> claimsJws = parserToken(token, publicKey);
        Claims body = claimsJws.getBody();
        Payload<T> claims = new Payload<>();
        claims.setId(body.getId());
        claims.setExpiration(body.getExpiration());
        return claims;
    }
}

public class RsaUtils {

    private static final int DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE = 2048;
    /**
     * 从文件中读取公钥
     *
     * @param filename 公钥保存路径，相对于classpath
     * @return 公钥对象
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PublicKey getPublicKey(String filename) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytes = readFile(filename);
        return getPublicKey(bytes);
    }

    /**
     * 从文件中读取密钥
     *
     * @param filename 私钥保存路径，相对于classpath
     * @return 私钥对象
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(String filename) throws Exception {
        byte[] bytes = readFile(filename);
        return getPrivateKey(bytes);
    }

    /**
     * 获取公钥
     *
     * @param bytes 公钥的字节形式
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static PublicKey getPublicKey(byte[] bytes) throws Exception {
        bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(bytes);
        X509EncodedKeySpec spec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
        KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        return factory.generatePublic(spec);
    }

    /**
     * 获取密钥
     *
     * @param bytes 私钥的字节形式
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    private static PrivateKey getPrivateKey(byte[] bytes) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
        bytes = Base64.getDecoder().decode(bytes);
        PKCS8EncodedKeySpec spec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(bytes);
        KeyFactory factory = KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA");
        return factory.generatePrivate(spec);
    }

    /**
     * 根据密文，生存rsa公钥和私钥,并写入指定文件
     *
     * @param publicKeyFilename  公钥文件路径
     * @param privateKeyFilename 私钥文件路径
     * @param secret             生成密钥的密文
     */
    public static void generateKey(String publicKeyFilename, String privateKeyFilename, String secret, int keySize) throws Exception {
        KeyPairGenerator keyPairGenerator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA");
        SecureRandom secureRandom = new SecureRandom(secret.getBytes());
        keyPairGenerator.initialize(Math.max(keySize, DEFAULT_KEY_SIZE), secureRandom);
        KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGenerator.genKeyPair();
        // 获取公钥并写出
        byte[] publicKeyBytes = keyPair.getPublic().getEncoded();
        publicKeyBytes = Base64.getEncoder().encode(publicKeyBytes);
        writeFile(publicKeyFilename, publicKeyBytes);
        // 获取私钥并写出
        byte[] privateKeyBytes = keyPair.getPrivate().getEncoded();
        privateKeyBytes = Base64.getEncoder().encode(privateKeyBytes);
        writeFile(privateKeyFilename, privateKeyBytes);
    }

    private static byte[] readFile(String fileName) throws Exception {
        return Files.readAllBytes(new File(fileName).toPath());
    }

    private static void writeFile(String destPath, byte[] bytes) throws IOException {
        File dest = new File(destPath);
        if (!dest.exists()) {
            dest.createNewFile();
        }
        Files.write(dest.toPath(), bytes);
    }
}

回顾集中式认证流程
用户认证：
使用UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter过滤器中attemptAuthentication方法实现认证功能，该过滤
器父类中successfulAuthentication方法实现认证成功后的操作。
身份校验：
使用BasicAuthenticationFilter过滤器中doFilterInternal方法验证是否登录，以决定能否进入后续过滤器。
分析分布式认证流程
用户认证：
由于，分布式项目，多数是前后端分离的架构设计，我们要满足可以接受异步post的认证请求参数，需要修
改UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter过滤器中attemptAuthentication方法，让其能够接收请求体。

另外，默认successfulAuthentication方法在认证通过后，是把用户信息直接放入session就完事了，现在我
们需要修改这个方法，在认证通过后生成token并返回给用户。
身份校验：
原来BasicAuthenticationFilter过滤器中doFilterInternal方法校验用户是否登录，就是看session中是否有用
户信息，我们要修改为，验证用户携带的token是否合法，并解析出用户信息，交给SpringSecurity，以便于
后续的授权功能可以正常使用。

SpringSecurity+JWT+RSA分布式认证实现

public class RsaUtilsTest {

    private String privateFilePath = "D:\\id_key_rsa";
    private String publicFilePath = "D:\\id_key_rsa.pub";

    @Test
    public void generateKey() throws Exception {
        RsaUtils.generateKey(publicFilePath, privateFilePath, "topcheer", 2048);
    }

    @Test
    public void getPublicKey() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(RsaUtils.getPublicKey(publicFilePath));
    }

    @Test
    public void getPrivateKey() throws Exception {
        System.out.println(RsaUtils.getPrivateKey(privateFilePath));
    }


    @Test
    public void testGetPublicKey() {
    }

    @Test
    public void testGetPrivateKey() {
    }

    @Test
    public void testGenerateKey() {
    }
}

技术图片

认证服务
创建认证服务工程并导入jar包

  <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.topcheer</groupId>
            <artifactId>topcheer_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

配置文件

server:
  port: 9001
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///security_authority
    username: root
    password: 123456
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.topcheer.domain
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:
  level:
    com.topcheer: debug
rsa:
  key:
    pubKeyFile: D:\id_key_rsa.pub
    priKeyFile: D:\id_key_rsa

提供解析公钥和私钥的配置类

@ConfigurationProperties("rsa.key")
public class RsaKeyProperties {

    private String pubKeyFile;
    private String priKeyFile;

    private PublicKey publicKey;
    private PrivateKey privateKey;

    @PostConstruct
    public void createRsaKey() throws Exception {
        publicKey = RsaUtils.getPublicKey(pubKeyFile);
        privateKey = RsaUtils.getPrivateKey(priKeyFile);
    }

    public String getPubKeyFile() {
        return pubKeyFile;
    }

    public void setPubKeyFile(String pubKeyFile) {
        this.pubKeyFile = pubKeyFile;
    }

    public String getPriKeyFile() {
        return priKeyFile;
    }

    public void setPriKeyFile(String priKeyFile) {
        this.priKeyFile = priKeyFile;
    }

    public PublicKey getPublicKey() {
        return publicKey;
    }

    public void setPublicKey(PublicKey publicKey) {
        this.publicKey = publicKey;
    }

    public PrivateKey getPrivateKey() {
        return privateKey;
    }

    public void setPrivateKey(PrivateKey privateKey) {
        this.privateKey = privateKey;
    }
}

配置类

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.topcheer.mapper")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RsaKeyProperties.class)
public class AuthServerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(AuthServerApplication.class, args);
    }
}

认证过滤器：

public class JwtLoginFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {

    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
    private RsaKeyProperties prop;

    public JwtLoginFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, RsaKeyProperties prop) {
        this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
        this.prop = prop;
    }

    @Override
    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
        try {
            SysUser sysUser = new ObjectMapper().readValue(request.getInputStream(), SysUser.class);
            UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authRequest = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(sysUser.getUsername(), sysUser.getPassword());
            return authenticationManager.authenticate(authRequest);
        }catch (Exception e){
            try {
                response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
                response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
                Map resultMap = new HashMap();
                resultMap.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
                resultMap.put("msg", "用户名或密码错误！");
                out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(resultMap));
                out.flush();
                out.close();
            }catch (Exception outEx){
                outEx.printStackTrace();
            }
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {
        SysUser user = new SysUser();
        user.setUsername(authResult.getName());
        user.setRoles((List<SysRole>) authResult.getAuthorities());
        String token = JwtUtils.generateTokenExpireInMinutes(user, prop.getPrivateKey(), 24 * 60);
        response.addHeader("Authorization", "Bearer "+token);
        try {
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            Map resultMap = new HashMap();
            resultMap.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
            resultMap.put("msg", "认证通过！");
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(resultMap));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        }catch (Exception outEx){
            outEx.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled=true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @Autowired
    private RsaKeyProperties prop;

    @Bean
    public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder(){
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    //指定认证对象的来源
    @Override
    public void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        auth.userDetailsService(userService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }
    //SpringSecurity配置信息
    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf()
            .disable()
            .authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/product").hasAnyRole("USER")
            .anyRequest()
            .authenticated()
            .and()
            .addFilter(new JwtLoginFilter(super.authenticationManager(), prop))
            .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
    }
}

启动测试认证服务
认证请求

技术图片

资源服务
资源服务可以有很多个，这里只拿产品服务为例，记住，资源服务中只能通过公钥验证认证。不能签发token！
创建产品服务并导入jar包
根据实际业务导包即可，咱们就暂时和认证服务一样了。

<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.topcheer</groupId>
            <artifactId>topcheer_common</artifactId>
            <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.47</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.0</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

编写产品服务配置文件
切记这里只能有公钥地址！

server:
  port: 9002
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///security_authority
    username: root
    password: 123456
mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.topcheer.domain
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
logging:
  level:
    com.topcheer: debug
rsa:
  key:
    pubKeyFile: D:\id_key_rsa.pub

编写读取公钥的配置类

@ConfigurationProperties("rsa.key")
public class RsaKeyProperties {

    private String pubKeyFile;

    private PublicKey publicKey;

    @PostConstruct
    public void createRsaKey() throws Exception {
        publicKey = RsaUtils.getPublicKey(pubKeyFile);
    }

    public String getPubKeyFile() {
        return pubKeyFile;
    }

    public void setPubKeyFile(String pubKeyFile) {
        this.pubKeyFile = pubKeyFile;
    }

    public PublicKey getPublicKey() {
        return publicKey;
    }

    public void setPublicKey(PublicKey publicKey) {
        this.publicKey = publicKey;
    }

}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled=true)
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    @Autowired
    private RsaKeyProperties prop;

    //SpringSecurity配置信息
    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf()
            .disable()
            .authorizeRequests()
            .antMatchers("/product").hasAnyRole("USER")
            .anyRequest()
            .authenticated()
            .and()
            .addFilter(new JwtVerifyFilter(super.authenticationManager(), prop))
            .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);
    }
}

web层

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class ProductController {

    @Secured("ROLE_PRODUCT")
    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public String findAll(){
        return "产品列表查询成功！";
    }

}

验证token服务器

public class JwtVerifyFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter {

    private RsaKeyProperties prop;

    public JwtVerifyFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, RsaKeyProperties prop) {
        super(authenticationManager);
        this.prop = prop;
    }

    @Override
    public void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        String header = request.getHeader("Authorization");
        if (header == null || !header.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
            //如果携带错误的token，则给用户提示请登录！
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            Map resultMap = new HashMap();
            resultMap.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
            resultMap.put("msg", "请登录！");
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(resultMap));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        } else {
            //如果携带了正确格式的token要先得到token
            String token = header.replace("Bearer ", "");
            //验证tken是否正确
            Payload<SysUser> payload = JwtUtils.getInfoFromToken(token, prop.getPublicKey(), SysUser.class);
            SysUser user = payload.getUserInfo();
            if(user!=null){
                UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authResult = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(user.getUsername(), null, user.getAuthorities());
                SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authResult);
                chain.doFilter(request, response);
            }
        }
    }




}