WEB缓存系统之varnish基础入门（一）

[root@test_node1-centos7 ~]# vim /etc/varnish/varnish.params 
  
# Varnish environment configuration description. This was derived from
# the old style sysconfig/defaults settings

# Set this to 1 to make systemd reload try to switch VCL without restart.
RELOAD_VCL=1

# Main configuration file. You probably want to change it.
VARNISH_VCL_CONF=/etc/varnish/default.vcl

# Default address and port to bind to. Blank address means all IPv4
# and IPv6 interfaces, otherwise specify a host name, an IPv4 dotted
# quad, or an IPv6 address in brackets.
# VARNISH_LISTEN_ADDRESS=192.168.1.5
VARNISH_LISTEN_PORT=6081

# Admin interface listen address and port
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_ADDRESS=127.0.0.1
VARNISH_ADMIN_LISTEN_PORT=6082

# Shared secret file for admin interface
VARNISH_SECRET_FILE=/etc/varnish/secret

# Backend storage specification, see Storage Types in the varnishd(5)
# man page for details.
VARNISH_STORAGE="malloc,256M"

# User and group for the varnishd worker processes
VARNISH_USER=varnish
VARNISH_GROUP=varnish

# Other options, see the man page varnishd(1)
#DAEMON_OPTS="-p thread_pool_min=5 -p thread_pool_max=500 -p thread_pool_timeout=300"

[root@test_node1-centos7 ~]# varnishadm --help
varnishadm: invalid option -- ‘-‘
usage: varnishadm [-n ident] [-t timeout] [-S secretfile] -T [address]:port command [...]
        -n is mutually exlusive with -S and -T
[root@test_node1-centos7 ~]# 

[root@test_node1-centos7 ~]# varnishadm -S /etc/varnish/secret -T 127.0.0.1:6082
200        
-----------------------------
Varnish Cache CLI 1.0
-----------------------------
Linux,3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64,x86_64,-sfile,-smalloc,-hcritbit
varnish-4.0.5 revision 07eff4c29

Type ‘help‘ for command list.
Type ‘quit‘ to close CLI session.

quit
500        
Closing CLI connection
[root@test_node1-centos7 ~]# 

[root@test_node1-centos7 ~]# varnishadm -S /etc/varnish/secret -T 127.0.0.1:6082
200        
-----------------------------
Varnish Cache CLI 1.0
-----------------------------
Linux,3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64,x86_64,-sfile,-smalloc,-hcritbit
varnish-4.0.5 revision 07eff4c29

Type ‘help‘ for command list.
Type ‘quit‘ to close CLI session.

help
200        
help [<command>]
ping [<timestamp>]
auth <response>
quit
banner
status
start
stop
vcl.load <configname> <filename>
vcl.inline <configname> <quoted_VCLstring>
vcl.use <configname>
vcl.discard <configname>
vcl.list
param.show [-l] [<param>]
param.set <param> <value>
panic.show
panic.clear
storage.list
vcl.show [-v] <configname>
backend.list [<backend_expression>]
backend.set_health <backend_expression> <state>
ban <field> <operator> <arg> [&& <field> <oper> <arg>]...
ban.list

[root@test_node1-centos7 ~]# varnishadm -S /etc/varnish/secret -T 127.0.0.1:6082
200        
-----------------------------
Varnish Cache CLI 1.0
-----------------------------
Linux,3.10.0-693.el7.x86_64,x86_64,-sfile,-smalloc,-hcritbit
varnish-4.0.5 revision 07eff4c29

Type ‘help‘ for command list.
Type ‘quit‘ to close CLI session.


varnish> vcl.list 
200        
active          0 boot


varnish> vcl.show -v boot
200        
// VCL.SHOW 0 1221 input
#
# This is an example VCL file for Varnish.
#
# It does not do anything by default, delegating control to the
# builtin VCL. The builtin VCL is called when there is no explicit
# return statement.
#
# See the VCL chapters in the Users Guide at https://www.varnish-cache.org/docs/
# and http://varnish-cache.org/trac/wiki/VCLExamples for more examples.

# Marker to tell the VCL compiler that this VCL has been adapted to the
# new 4.0 format.
vcl 4.0;

# Default backend definition. Set this to point to your content server.
backend default {
    .host = "192.168.0.99";
    .port = "80";
}

sub vcl_recv {
    # Happens before we check if we have this in cache already.
    #
    # Typically you clean up the request here, removing cookies you don‘t need,
    # rewriting the request, etc.
}

sub vcl_backend_response {
    # Happens after we have read the response headers from the backend.
    #
    # Here you clean the response headers, removing silly Set-Cookie headers
    # and other mistakes your backend does.
}

sub vcl_deliver {
    # Happens when we have all the pieces we need, and are about to send the
    # response to the client.
    #
    # You can do accounting or modifying the final object here.
}

// VCL.SHOW 1 5479 Builtin
/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2006 Verdens Gang AS
 * Copyright (c) 2006-2014 Varnish Software AS
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Author: Poul-Henning Kamp <phk@phk.freebsd.dk>
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS‘‘ AND
 * ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
 * ARE DISCLAIMED.  IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
 * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
 * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
 * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
 * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
 * LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
 * OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
 * SUCH DAMAGE.
 *

 *
 * The built-in (previously called default) VCL code.
 *
 * NB! You do NOT need to copy & paste all of these functions into your
 * own vcl code, if you do not provide a definition of one of these
 * functions, the compiler will automatically fall back to the default
 * code from this file.
 *
 * This code will be prefixed with a backend declaration built from the
 * -b argument.
 */

vcl 4.0;

#######################################################################
# Client side


sub vcl_recv {
    if (req.method == "PRI") {
        /* We do not support SPDY or HTTP/2.0 */
        return (synth(405));
    }
    if (req.method != "GET" &&
      req.method != "HEAD" &&
      req.method != "PUT" &&
      req.method != "POST" &&
      req.method != "TRACE" &&
      req.method != "OPTIONS" &&
      req.method != "DELETE") {
        /* Non-RFC2616 or CONNECT which is weird. */
        return (pipe);
    }

    if (req.method != "GET" && req.method != "HEAD") {
        /* We only deal with GET and HEAD by default */
        return (pass);
    }
    if (req.http.Authorization || req.http.Cookie) {
        /* Not cacheable by default */
        return (pass);
    }
    return (hash);
}

sub vcl_pipe {
    # By default Connection: close is set on all piped requests, to stop
    # connection reuse from sending future requests directly to the
    # (potentially) wrong backend. If you do want this to happen, you can undo
    # it here.
    # unset bereq.http.connection;
    return (pipe);
}

sub vcl_pass {
    return (fetch);
}

sub vcl_hash {
    hash_data(req.url);
    if (req.http.host) {
        hash_data(req.http.host);
    } else {
        hash_data(server.ip);
    }
    return (lookup);
}

sub vcl_purge {
    return (synth(200, "Purged"));
}

sub vcl_hit {
    if (obj.ttl >= 0s) {
        // A pure unadultered hit, deliver it
        return (deliver);
    }
    if (obj.ttl + obj.grace > 0s) {
        // Object is in grace, deliver it
        // Automatically triggers a background fetch
        return (deliver);
    }
    // fetch & deliver once we get the result
    return (fetch);
}

sub vcl_miss {
    return (fetch);
}

sub vcl_deliver {
    return (deliver);
}

/*
 * We can come here "invisibly" with the following errors: 413, 417 & 503
 */
sub vcl_synth {
    set resp.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";
    set resp.http.Retry-After = "5";
    synthetic( {"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>"} + resp.status + " " + resp.reason + {"</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Error "} + resp.status + " " + resp.reason + {"</h1>
    <p>"} + resp.reason + {"</p>
    <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>
    <p>XID: "} + req.xid + {"</p>
    <hr>
    <p>Varnish cache server</p>
  </body>
</html>
"} );
    return (deliver);
}

#######################################################################
# Backend Fetch

sub vcl_backend_fetch {
    return (fetch);
}

sub vcl_backend_response {
    if (beresp.ttl <= 0s ||
      beresp.http.Set-Cookie ||
      beresp.http.Surrogate-control ~ "no-store" ||
      (!beresp.http.Surrogate-Control &&
        beresp.http.Cache-Control ~ "no-cache|no-store|private") ||
      beresp.http.Vary == "*") {
        /*
        * Mark as "Hit-For-Pass" for the next 2 minutes
        */
        set beresp.ttl = 120s;
        set beresp.uncacheable = true;
    }
    return (deliver);
}

sub vcl_backend_error {
    set beresp.http.Content-Type = "text/html; charset=utf-8";
    set beresp.http.Retry-After = "5";
    synthetic( {"<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>"} + beresp.status + " " + beresp.reason + {"</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <h1>Error "} + beresp.status + " " + beresp.reason + {"</h1>
    <p>"} + beresp.reason + {"</p>
    <h3>Guru Meditation:</h3>
    <p>XID: "} + bereq.xid + {"</p>
    <hr>
    <p>Varnish cache server</p>
  </body>
</html>
"} );
    return (deliver);
}

#######################################################################
# Housekeeping

sub vcl_init {
    return (ok);
}

sub vcl_fini {
    return (ok);
}



varnish> 

sub subroutine {
	...
}

if CONDITION {
	...
} else {	
	...
}
			

bereq.*, req.*：
    bereq.http.HEADERS
    bereq.request：请求方法；
    bereq.url：请求的url；
    bereq.proto：请求的协议版本；
    bereq.backend：指明要调用的后端主机；
					
    req.http.Cookie：客户端的请求报文中Cookie首部的值； 
    req.http.User-Agent ~ "chrome"
						
						
    beresp.*, resp.*：
    beresp.http.HEADERS
    beresp.status：响应的状态码；
    reresp.proto：协议版本；
    beresp.backend.name：BE主机的主机名；
    beresp.ttl：BE主机响应的内容的余下的可缓存时长；
						
    obj.*
    obj.hits：此对象从缓存中命中的次数；
    obj.ttl：对象的ttl值
						
server.*
    server.ip
    server.hostname
client.*
    client.ip