标签：tmpfs   日志   inbound   -o   wait   format   索引   string   buffers   

序言：
      DATAGUARD是通过建立一个PRIMARY和STANDBY组来确立其参照关系。
      STANDBY一旦创建，DATAGUARD就会通过将主数据库(PRIMARY)的REDO传递给STANDBY数据库，然后在STANDBY中应用REDO实现数据库的同步。

      有两种类型的STANDBY：物理STANDBY和逻辑STANDBY
      物理STANDBY提供与主数据库完全一样的拷贝（块到块），数据库SCHEMA，包括索引都是一样的。它是直接应用REDO实现同步的。
      逻辑STANDBY则不是这样，在逻辑STANDBY中，逻辑信息是相同的，但物理组织和数据结构可以不同，它和主库保持同步的方法是将接收的REDO转换成SQL语句，然后在STANDBY上执行SQL语句。逻辑STANDBY除灾难恢复外还有其它用途，比如用于用户进行查询和报表。


1、安装环境
在primary搭建数据库软件，建立lsnrctl监听，采用dbca搭建实例，在standby上搭建数据库软件，建立监听，但是不需要采用dbca建立实例。
如何在linux上搭建oracle数据库，请参考以前的blog实验：http://blog.itpub.net/26230597/viewspace-1413242/
操作系统： 都是centos6.4
oracle软件版本： oracle 11.2.0.1.0
IP地址： primary库（192.168.121.217）、standby库（192.168.121.218）
db_unique_name： primary库（pdunq）、standby库（pdunq_dg）


2、准备工作 在primary上操作
2.1、打开Forced Logging 模式
先确认primary库处于归档模式
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode       Archive Mode
Automatic archival       Enabled
Archive destination       USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     362
Next log sequence to archive   364
Current log sequence       364
SQL> 


强制归档
SQL> alter database force logging;
 
Database altered.


SQL>
确认primary库是归档模式


添加standby文件
alter database add standby logfile group 4 (‘/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_021.log‘) size 20M;
alter database add standby logfile group 5 (‘/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_022.log‘) size 20M;
alter database add standby logfile group 6 (‘/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_023.log‘) size 20M;
alter database drop standby logfile group 4;
alter database drop standby logfile group 5;
alter database drop standby logfile group 6;

select * from v$logfile order by 1;


2.3 准备参数文件
2.3.1 生成pfile
create pfile from spfile;
shutdown immediate


2.3.2 修改pfile
cp $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora.bak
vim $ORACLE_HOME/dbs/initpowerdes.ora
*.db_unique_name=pdunq
*.diagnostic_dest=‘/oracle/app/oracle‘
*.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdesXDB)‘
*.fal_client=‘pdunq‘
*.fal_server=‘pdunq_dg‘
*.standby_file_management=‘AUTO‘
*.db_file_name_convert=‘/home/oradata/powerdes‘,‘/home/oradata/pwerdes‘
*.log_file_name_convert=‘/home/oradata/powerdes‘,‘/home/oradata/powerdes‘
*.log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pdunq_dg)‘
*.log_archive_dest_2=‘SERVICE=pdunq_dg  lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg‘
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=‘ENABLE‘



2.3.3 生成spfile
create spfile from pfile;
startup #这里可以启动也可以不启动，这里不启动，后面就要记得startup;让新的参数文件生效


2.4 修改监听文件
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ vim listener.ora 
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = powerdes)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
    )
  )


LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.217)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )


ADR_BASE_LISTENER = /oracle/app/oracle
INBOUND_CONNECT_TIMEOUT_listener=10


2.5，修改tns配置文件
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ vim tnsnames.ora 
PD =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.217)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SERVICE_NAME = pdunq)
    )
  )


SC_SID =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.218)(PORT = 1521))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = powerdes)
        (SERVER = DEDICATED)
    )
  )


EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA =
  (DESCRIPTION =
    (ADDRESS_LIST =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC1))
    )
    (CONNECT_DATA =
      (SID = PLSExtProc)
      (PRESENTATION = RO)
    )
  )


2.6 监听服务重启
lsnrctl stop
lsnrctl start


2.7 primary上配置最大可用模式：
SQL>startup
SQL>alter database set standby database to maximize availability;
  
2.8 备份数据库
backup database plus archivelog;
backup current controlfile for standby;
exit;
备份结束后会在闪回区产生备份文件


3，数据库配置 standby上
3.1 建立相应的文件目录
包括dump文件目录，数据文件目录，通过show parameter dest;查看，保持和primary一样的路径地址


3.2 从primary上copy数据文件到standby上
在主库上执行：
ps：在primary上执行
copy闪回区内容
copy闪回文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/


copy参数文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs


copy监听文件
cd /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/
scp -r ./* 192.168.121.218:/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/


3.3 在standby库 修改配置文件 在standby上修改
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$ vim listener.ora 

# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
  (SID_LIST =
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = PLSExtProc)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
      (PROGRAM = extproc)
    )
    (SID_DESC =
      (SID_NAME = powerdes)
      (ORACLE_HOME = /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1)
    )
  )

LISTENER =
  (DESCRIPTION_LIST =
    (DESCRIPTION =
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.121.218)(PORT = 1521))
      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = IPC)(KEY = EXTPROC0))
    )
  )

在standby修改tns文件 


3.4，修改参数文件
*.db_unique_name=‘pdunq_dg‘
*.diagnostic_dest=‘/oracle/app/oracle‘
*.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdes)‘
*.fal_client=‘pdunq‘
*.fal_server=‘pdunq_dg‘
*.standby_file_management=‘AUTO‘
*.db_file_name_convert=‘/home/oradata/powerdes‘,‘/home/oradata/powerdes‘
*.log_file_name_convert=‘/home/oradata/powerdes‘,‘/home/oradata/powerdes‘
*.log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pdunq_dg)‘
*.log_archive_dest_2=‘SERVICE=pdunq_dg  lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg‘
*.log_archive_dest_state_2=‘ENABLE‘


PS:将*.log_archive_dest_2=后面的DB_UNIQUE_NAME改成primary的DB_UNIQUE_NAME值改为pdunq，这样在做switchover的时候，新的primary能通过这个将redo日志传到新的standby上面去。
log_archive_dest_N 目的是告诉数据库，把归档放到那里去可选项，首先是本地，然后考虑远程的从库，所以，假设A是主库，B是从库，切换之后B是主库，A是从库，所以，log_archive_dest_N需要设置为对方


3.5，重启监听 standby
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$ lsnrctl stop


LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 10-FEB-2015 15:41:36


Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$ lsnrctl start


LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 10-FEB-2015 15:41:41


Copyright (c) 1991, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Starting /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...


TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
System parameter file is /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/powerlong5/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))


Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
Start Date                10-FEB-2015 15:41:41
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Listener Parameter File   /oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /oracle/app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/powerlong5/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=192.168.121.218)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC0)))
Services Summary...
Service "PLSExtProc" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "PLSExtProc", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
Service "powerdes" has 1 instance(s).
  Instance "powerdes", status UNKNOWN, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
The command completed successfully
[oracle@powerlong5 dbs]$




3.6，恢复数据库
在standby库上操作
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$ rman target sys/syxxlxxxx58@PD1 auxiliary /


Argument     Value          Description
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
target       quoted-string  connect-string for target database
catalog      quoted-string  connect-string for recovery catalog
nocatalog    none           if specified, then no recovery catalog
cmdfile      quoted-string  name of input command file
log          quoted-string  name of output message log file
trace        quoted-string  name of output debugging message log file
append       none           if specified, log is opened in append mode
debug        optional-args  activate debugging
msgno        none           show RMAN-nnnn prefix for all messages
send         quoted-string  send a command to the media manager
pipe         string         building block for pipe names
timeout      integer        number of seconds to wait for pipe input
checksyntax  none           check the command file for syntax errors
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
Both single and double quotes (‘ or ") are accepted for a quoted-string.
Quotes are not required unless the string contains embedded white-space.


RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00552: syntax error in command line arguments
RMAN-01009: syntax error: found "end-of-file": expecting one of: "double-quoted-string, identifier, single-quoted-string, "
RMAN-01007: at line 0 column 0 file: command line arguments
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$ 
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$ 
[oracle@powerlong5 admin]$


报错，看下是否standby没有启动导致？
SQL> startup


ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> SQL> startup nomount
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> 
[root@powerlong5 ~]# mount -t tmpfs shmfs -o size=12g /dev/shm
[root@powerlong5 ~]# df -h
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3              57G   45G  8.9G  84% /
tmpfs                  12G     0   12G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             190M   51M  129M  29% /boot
/dev/sr0              4.1G  4.1G     0 100% /media/CentOS_6.4_Final
shmfs                  12G     0   12G   0% /dev/shm
[root@powerlong5 ~]# 




SQL> startup
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925
SQL> 
去primary库上查询下audit路径
SQL> show parameter audit_file_dest


NAME     TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
audit_file_dest     string /oracle/app/oracle/admin/powerdes/adump
SQL> 


然后在standby上操作
SQL> startup nomount
ORA-01081: cannot start already-running ORACLE - shut it down first
SQL> shutdown
ORA-01507: database not mounted




ORACLE instance shut down.
SQL> startup nomount
ORACLE instance started.


Total System Global Area 1.1358E+10 bytes
Fixed Size    2216744 bytes
Variable Size 8589937880 bytes
Database Buffers 2751463424 bytes
Redo Buffers   13946880 bytes
SQL> 


去primary修改sys密码：
SQL> alter user sys identified by "syxxlxxxx58";


User altered.


SQL> 


在standby库执行rman target sys/syspl1758@PD1 auxiliary /，如下所示：

3.7  standby上修改参数文件
先关闭oracle
shutdown immediate
然后开始修改参数文件
cd  $ORACLE_HOME/dbs 
vim initpowerdes.ora
# 主要是修改db_unique_name
*.db_unique_name=‘pdunq_dg‘
*.diagnostic_dest=‘/oracle/app/oracle‘
*.dispatchers=‘(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=powerdesXDB)‘
*.fal_client=‘PD1‘
*.fal_server=‘PD2‘
*.global_names=FALSE
*.job_queue_processes=1000
*.log_archive_config=‘DG_CONFIG=(pdunq,pddgunq)‘
重新创建参数文件
create spfile from pfile;


3.8 启动数据库
startup nomount;
alter database mount standby database;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database add standby logfile;
alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect from session;


4，检查看到归档没有过来
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode       Archive Mode
Automatic archival       Enabled
Archive destination       ?/dbs/arch
Oldest online log sequence     0
Next log sequence to archive   0
Current log sequence       0
SQL> 
看到归档信息为0，说明primary上的redo日志没有传到standby上来。


4.1，查看alert日志
[oracle@powerlong5 trace]$ tail -f /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pdunq_dg/powerdes/trace/alert_powerdes.log 
MRP0 started with pid=41, OS id=21243 
MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (powerdes)
 started logmerger process
Sat Feb 07 20:12:18 2015
Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply
Parallel Media Recovery started with 4 slaves
Waiting for all non-current ORLs to be archived...
All non-current ORLs have been archived.
Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 303
Completed: alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session


 查看日志传输情况
    select sequence#,first_time,next_time from v$archived_log;
SELECT sequence#,to_char(first_time,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) first_time,to_char(next_time,‘yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss‘) next_time from v$archived_log;
primary :

问题分析解决：
primary主库上的alert日志有错：
Error 12154 received logging on to the standby
Errors in file /oracle/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/pdunq/powerdes/trace/powerdes_arc2_22609.trc:
ORA-12154: TNS:could not resolve the connect identifier specified
PING[ARC2]: Heartbeat failed to connect to standby ‘pdunq_dg‘. Error is 12154.
错误很清晰了，主库无法检测到从库存在
tns 12154 错误，主库无法 tnsping pdunq_dg 
tnsping standby库报错
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$ tnsping pdunq_dg


TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on 08-FEB-2015 21:42:26


Copyright (c) 1997, 2009, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Used parameter files:


TNS-03505: Failed to resolve name
[oracle@powerlong4 admin]$


参数文件里面
*.log_archive_dest_2=‘SERVICE=pdunq_dg  lgwr sync affirm VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=pdunq_dg‘
SERVICE=pdunq_dg 要和tnsnames.ora里面的保持一致。



4.2，去tnsnames.ora里面修改配置
去把tnsnames.ora里面的改成pdunq_dg即可。
重启lsnrctl，然后查看从库归档日志，有日志了，如下所示：
SQL> archive log list;
Database log mode       Archive Mode
Automatic archival       Enabled
Archive destination       USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence     350
Next log sequence to archive   0
Current log sequence       351
SQL>

备库切换到open状态：
退出redo应用状态
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
PS：停止standby的redo应用 ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE CANCEL;注意，此时只是暂时redo 应用，并不是停止Standby 数据库，standby 仍会保持接收只不过不会再应用接收到的归档，直到你再次启动redo 应用为止。类似mysql里面的stop slave功能;


打开standby上的oracle库
SQL> alter database open;
Database altered. 
再应用redo日志
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database using current logfile disconnect ; 
Database altered.
SQL>

去primary、standby库上面执行检查
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log;


查看最新的scn：
SQL> select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;


primary和standby都保持一致，OK，dataguard搭建完成。

ORACLE 11G 搭建dataguard详细步骤（所有操作总结）

标签：tmpfs   日志   inbound   -o   wait   format   索引   string   buffers   

原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/yaoyangding/p/12808766.html