Linux文件和目录管理

[root@localhost home]# stat passwd
  File: ‘passwd’
  Size: 795             Blocks: 8          IO Block: 4096   regular file
Device: fd00h/64768d    Inode: 19087983    Links: 1
Access: (0644/-rw-r--r--)  Uid: (    0/    root)   Gid: (    0/    root)
Context: unconfined_u:object_r:home_root_t:s0
Access: 2020-05-10 15:23:17.576572669 -0400
Modify: 2020-05-10 15:23:17.576572669 -0400
Change: 2020-05-10 15:23:17.579572669 -0400
Birth: -

[root@A /]# cp /etc/passwd /opt/
[root@A /]# cp /boot/vm*  /opt/
[root@A /]# cp -r /boot/ /opt/
[root@A /]# cp -r /etc/shadow /mnt/  /opt/
[root@A /]# \cp -r /boot/ /opt/          #覆盖文件时，如果目标位置已经存在该文件，系统会询问我们是否覆盖，需要输入y来确认，加入\存在时就不用询问直接操作

[root@A /]# touch /opt/1.txt
[root@A /]# mkdir /opt/abc
[root@A /]# ls /opt/
1.txt  abc
[root@A /]# rm  -rf /opt/*
[root@A /]# ls /opt/

[root@A /]# mkdir /opt/nsd01
[root@A /]# touch /opt/1.txt
[root@A /]# ls /opt/
1.txt  nsd01
[root@A /]# mv /opt/1.txt  /opt/nsd01
[root@A /]# ls /opt/  #移动后/opt下不存在1.txt文件
nsd01
[root@A /]# ls /opt/nsd01
1.txt

#重命名：路径不变的移动
[root@A /]# mv /opt/test  /opt/haha  #/test另起文件名/haha

[root@localhost etc]# basename /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
nginx.conf
[root@localhost etc]# dirname /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
/usr/local/nginx/conf

[root@localhost etc]# which ls
alias ls=‘ls --color=auto‘
        /usr/bin/ls
[root@localhost etc]# which dirname
/usr/bin/dirname
[root@localhost etc]# which find
/usr/bin/find

[root@localhost /]# whereis passwd
passwd: /usr/bin/passwd /etc/passwd /usr/share/man/man1/passwd.1.gz

[root@localhost /]# locate passwd
/etc/passwd
/etc/passwd-
/etc/pam.d/passwd
/etc/security/opasswd
/home/passwd

[root@server0 ~]# find /etc/ -name "*.conf"
[root@server0 ~]# find /etc/ -name "passwd"
[root@server0 ~]# find /boot  -type d
[root@server0 ~]# find /boot  -type l
[root@server0 ~]# find /boot  -type f
[root@server0 ~]# find  /root/  -name  "nsd*"
[root@server0 ~]# find  /root/  -name  "nsd*"   -type f
[root@server0 ~]# find  /root/  -name  "nsd*"   -type d
[root@server0 ~]# find /boot/ -size +20M  #查找20M以上的文件
[root@server0 ~]# ls -lh /boot/initramfs-*
[root@server0 ~]# find /boot/ -size -20M
 
[root@server0 ~]# useradd lisi
[root@server0 ~]# useradd zhangsan
[root@server0 ~]# ls -l /home/
[root@server0 ~]# find  /home -user zhangsan
[root@server0 ~]# find  /home -user lisi
[root@server0 ~]# find  /  -user lisi

# rm -rf /opt/*
# find /boot/ -size +10M
# find /boot/ -size +10M  -exec cp {}  /opt \; #找到的结果复制到/opt下
# ls /opt/
# mkdir /root/findfiles
# find / -user lisi -type f  -exec cp {} /root/findfiles   \;
# ls -A /root/findfiles/

[root@server0 ~]# grep ‘root‘  /etc/passwd
[root@server0 ~]# grep -v ‘root‘  /etc/passwd   #取反
[root@server0 ~]# grep ‘ROOT‘  /etc/passwd
[root@server0 ~]# grep -i ‘ROOT‘  /etc/passwd   #忽略大小写
[root@server0 ~]# grep ‘seismic‘ /usr/share/dict/words
# grep ‘seismic‘ /usr/share/dict/words > /root/wordlist #找出来相匹配的并导出
# cat   /root/wordlist

^word  以字符串word开头
word$  以字符串word结尾
[root@server0 ~]# grep ‘^root‘ /etc/passwd
[root@server0 ~]# grep ‘root$‘ /etc/passwd
[root@server0 ~]# grep ‘bash$‘ /etc/passwd

匹配空行
[root@server0 ~]# grep -v  ‘^$‘  /etc/default/useradd