标签:default form 结构 www att 优点 reg 后端 执行
1,什么是REST?
REST是软件架构的规范体系,它把资源的状态用URL进行资源定位,
以HTTP动作(GET/POST/DELETE/PUT)描述操作
2,REST的优点?
各大机构提供的api都是RESTful风格,
这样有统一的规范,可以减少学习开发的成本
3,实现统一的返回格式要考虑哪些问题?
首先是正常的数据返回
其次是出错时的返回:
未知异常:在spring boot中由controlleradvice统一处理
我们给用户返回的错误: 我们使用自定义的BusinessException
再次是一些原本由tomcat处理的报错:404等,
我们也使用统一的格式返回
需要注意的地方:异常并不是仅仅抛出即可,需要写到日志中供运维处理
说明:刘宏缔的架构森林是一个专注架构的博客,地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/architectforest
对应的源码可以访问这里获取: https://github.com/liuhongdi/
说明:作者:刘宏缔 邮箱: 371125307@qq.com
1,项目的地址:
https://github.com/liuhongdi/restresult
2,项目的相关说明:
数据的返回:
code:代码,为0是表示成功执行,非0表示出错
msg:提示信息,通常供出错时报错
data:页面上返回的数据:
具体的格式由后端工程师和前端工程师之间约定
以上格式也是最常用的返回格式
我们用一个名为:ResultUtil的类对格式做了封装
3,项目的结构:
如图:
1,pom.xml
<!--validation begin--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-validation</artifactId> </dependency> <!--validation end--> <!--aop begin--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId> </dependency> <!--aop end--> <!--log4j2 begin--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-log4j2</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.lmax</groupId> <artifactId>disruptor</artifactId> <version>3.4.2</version> </dependency> <!--log4j2 end--> <!-- JSON解析fastjson begin--> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.72</version> </dependency> <!-- JSON解析fastjson end--> <!--commons-lang3--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId> </dependency>
说明:需要注意的是从2.3开始,validation不再默认被starter-web包含,使用时需要手动引入
2,application.properties
#log4j2
logging.config=classpath:log4j2.xml
指定了log4j2的配置文件路径
3,log4j2.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <Configuration status="INFO"> <Appenders> <Console name="STDOUT" target="SYSTEM_OUT"> <PatternLayout pattern=".%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%file:%line] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg %n"/> </Console> <RollingFile immediateFlush="false" name="ErrorFile" fileName="/data/logs/tomcatlogs/error.log" filePattern="/data/logs/tomcatlogs/$${date:yyyy-MM}/error-%d{MM-dd-yyyy}-%i.log"> <Filters> <ThresholdFilter level="INFO" /> </Filters> <PatternLayout> <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%file:%line] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg %n</Pattern> </PatternLayout> <Policies> <TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy /> <SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="102400KB"/> </Policies> </RollingFile> <RollingFile immediateFlush="false" name="BusinessFile" fileName="/data/logs/tomcatlogs/bussiness.log" filePattern="/data/logs/tomcatlogs/$${date:yyyy-MM}/bussiness-%d{MM-dd-yyyy}-%i.log"> <PatternLayout> <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%file:%line] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg %n</Pattern> </PatternLayout> <Policies> <TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy /> <SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="102400KB"/> </Policies> </RollingFile> <RollingFile immediateFlush="false" name="BusinessErrorFile" fileName="/data/logs/tomcatlogs/bussinesserror.log" filePattern="/data/logs/tomcatlogs/$${date:yyyy-MM}/bussinesserror-%d{MM-dd-yyyy}-%i.log"> <PatternLayout> <Pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%thread] [%file:%line] %-5level %logger{35} - %msg %n</Pattern> </PatternLayout> <Policies> <TimeBasedTriggeringPolicy /> <SizeBasedTriggeringPolicy size="102400KB"/> </Policies> </RollingFile> </Appenders> <Loggers> <AsyncLogger name="BusinessFile" level="info" additivity="false" includeLocation="true"> <appender-ref ref="BusinessFile"/> </AsyncLogger> <AsyncLogger name="BusinessErrorFile" level="info" additivity="false" includeLocation="true"> <appender-ref ref="BusinessErrorFile"/> </AsyncLogger> <AsyncRoot level="info" includeLocation="true"> <AppenderRef ref="STDOUT"/> <AppenderRef ref="ErrorFile" /> </AsyncRoot> </Loggers> </Configuration>
说明:我们配置了三个日志文件:
ErrorFile:系统默认的错误日志,
BusinessErrorFile:主动返回的业务错误信息,
BusinessFile:与错误无关的业务数据
1,ResultUtil.java
public class ResultUtil implements Serializable { //uuid,用作唯一标识符,供序列化和反序列化时检测是否一致 private static final long serialVersionUID = 7498483649536881777L; //标识代码,0表示成功,非0表示出错 private Integer code; //提示信息,通常供报错时使用 private String msg; //正常返回时返回的数据 private Object data; public ResultUtil(Integer status, String msg, Object data) { this.code = status; this.msg = msg; this.data = data; } //返回成功数据 public static ResultUtil success(Object data) { return new ResultUtil(ResponseCode.SUCCESS.getCode(), ResponseCode.SUCCESS.getMsg(), data); } //返回出错数据 public static ResultUtil error(ResponseCode code) { return new ResultUtil(code.getCode(), code.getMsg(), null); } public Integer getCode() { return code; } public void setCode(Integer code) { this.code = code; } public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } public Object getData() { return data; } public void setData(Object data) { this.data = data; } }
2,ResponseCode.java
public enum ResponseCode { // 系统模块 SUCCESS(0, "操作成功"), ERROR(1, "操作失败"), //web WEB_400(400,"错误请求"), WEB_401(401,"访问未得到授权"), WEB_404(404,"资源未找到"), WEB_500(500,"服务器内部错误"), WEB_UNKOWN(999,"未知错误"), //parameter ARG_TYPE_MISMATCH(1000,"参数类型错误"), ARG_BIND_EXCEPTION(1001,"参数绑定错误"), ARG_VIOLATION(1002,"参数不符合要求"), ARG_MISSING(1003,"参数未找到"), //sign error SIGN_NO_APPID(10001, "appId不能为空"), SIGN_NO_TIMESTAMP(10002, "timestamp不能为空"), SIGN_NO_SIGN(10003, "sign不能为空"), SIGN_NO_NONCE(10004, "nonce不能为空"), SIGN_TIMESTAMP_INVALID(10005, "timestamp无效"), SIGN_DUPLICATION(10006, "重复的请求"), SIGN_VERIFY_FAIL(10007, "sign签名校验失败"), ; ResponseCode(Integer code, String msg) { this.code = code; this.msg = msg; } private Integer code; public Integer getCode() { return code; } public void setCode(Integer code) { this.code = code; } private String msg; public String getMsg() { return msg; } public void setMsg(String msg) { this.msg = msg; } public String toString(){ return "code:"+code+";msg:"+msg; } }
说明:这个枚举对象用来保存返回的错误code的信息,
通常直接使用定义的常量来返回,在开发中既减少代码,又方便集中维护
3,MyControllerAdvice.java
@ControllerAdvice public class MyControllerAdvice { private static Logger logger = LogManager.getLogger(MyControllerAdvice.class.getName()); private static Logger loggerBE = LogManager.getLogger("BusinessErrorFile"); //验证参数时不符合要求 @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(value = ConstraintViolationException.class) public ResultUtil violationHandler(ConstraintViolationException e) { loggerBE.error("ConstraintViolationException: \n"+ ServletUtil.getUrl()+"\n"+e.getMessage(), e); ResponseCode.ARG_VIOLATION.setMsg(e.getMessage()); return ResultUtil.error(ResponseCode.ARG_VIOLATION); } //缺少应该传递的参数 @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(value = MissingServletRequestParameterException.class) public ResultUtil missingParameterHandler(MissingServletRequestParameterException e) { loggerBE.error("MissingServletRequestParameterException: "+e.getMessage(), e); ResponseCode.ARG_MISSING.setMsg(e.getMessage()); return ResultUtil.error(ResponseCode.ARG_MISSING); } //参数类型不匹配,用户输入的参数类型有错误时会报这个 @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(value = MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException.class) public ResultUtil misMatchErrorHandler(MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException e) { loggerBE.error("MethodArgumentTypeMismatchException: \n"+ ServletUtil.getUrl()+"\n"+e.getMessage(), e); ResponseCode.ARG_TYPE_MISMATCH.setMsg(e.getMessage()); return ResultUtil.error(ResponseCode.ARG_TYPE_MISMATCH); } //验证时绑定错误 @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(value = BindException.class) public ResultUtil errorHandler(BindException ex) { BindingResult result = ex.getBindingResult(); StringBuilder errorMsg = new StringBuilder(); for (ObjectError error : result.getAllErrors()) { errorMsg.append(error.getDefaultMessage()).append(","); } errorMsg.delete(errorMsg.length() - 1, errorMsg.length()); ResponseCode.ARG_BIND_EXCEPTION.setMsg(errorMsg.toString()); loggerBE.error("BindException: \n"+ ServletUtil.getUrl()+"\n"+errorMsg.toString(), ex); return ResultUtil.error(ResponseCode.ARG_BIND_EXCEPTION); } /* *@author:liuhongdi *@date:2020/7/7 下午3:06 *@description:自定义的业务类异常的处理 * @param se *@return: */ @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(BusinessException.class) public ResultUtil serviceExceptionHandler(BusinessException se) { loggerBE.error("ServiceException: \n"+ ServletUtil.getUrl()+"\n"+se.getResponseCode(), se); ResponseCode rcode = se.getResponseCode(); return ResultUtil.error(rcode); } /* *@author:liuhongdi *@date:2020/7/7 下午3:05 *@description:通用的对异常的处理 * @param e *@return: */ @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(Exception.class) public ResultUtil exceptionHandler(Exception e) { logger.error("Exception: \n"+ ServletUtil.getUrl(), e); return ResultUtil.error(ResponseCode.ERROR); } //主动抛出的异常的处理 @ResponseBody @ExceptionHandler(ThrowException.class) public ResultUtil throwExceptionHandler(ThrowException e) { logger.error("ThrowException: \n"+ ServletUtil.getUrl()+"\n" +e.getMsg(), e); return ResultUtil.error(ResponseCode.ERROR); } }
说明:spring boot中用来处理异常的通用controller,
需要用@ControllerAdvice这个注解声明
4,BusinessException
public class BusinessException extends RuntimeException{ //返回响应的代码和提示信息 private ResponseCode rcode; public BusinessException(ResponseCode rcode) { this.rcode = rcode; } public ResponseCode getResponseCode() { return this.rcode; } public void setResponseCode(ResponseCode rcode) { this.rcode = rcode; } }
主动返回的报错信息
5,ErrorConfig.java
@Component public class ErrorConfig implements ErrorPageRegistrar { @Override public void registerErrorPages(ErrorPageRegistry registry) { ErrorPage error400Page = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.BAD_REQUEST, "/error/error/400"); ErrorPage error401Page = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.UNAUTHORIZED, "/error/error/401"); ErrorPage error404Page = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND, "/error/error/404"); ErrorPage error500Page = new ErrorPage(HttpStatus.INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR, "/error/error/500"); registry.addErrorPages(error400Page,error401Page,error404Page,error500Page); } }
用来定义错误页面的返回信息
说明:完整的代码大家可以在github上阅读
1,测试参数验证:
http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/home
返回:
{"code":1001,"msg":"homeid参数必须为正数","data":null}
测试错误的类型:
http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/home?homeid=abc
返回:
{"code":1001,"msg":"Failed to convert property value of type ‘java.lang.String‘ to required type ‘int‘ for property ‘homeid‘;
nested exception is java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: \"abc\"","data":null}
正确的参数:
http://127.0.0.1:8080/home/home?homeid=10
返回:
{"code":0,"msg":"操作成功","data":"this is home"}
2,说明:
代码中还针对aop,interceptor等做了演示,供参考
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___‘_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | ‘_ | ‘_| | ‘_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ‘ |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.3.1.RELEASE)
spring boot:使接口返回统一的RESTful格式数据(spring boot 2.3.1)
标签:default form 结构 www att 优点 reg 后端 执行
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/architectforest/p/13275698.html