标签:动态 返回 提取 poi 访问 ges position sorted print
Python中,字典是一系列键-值对(Key-Value),每个键都与一个值相关联。这个值可以是数字、字符串、列表乃至字典。通过键可以访问与之相关联的值。
在字典中,可以存储任意数量的键-值对。特别的,键-值对数量为0的字典被称作空字典。
alien_0 = { ‘color‘ : ‘green‘, ‘points‘ : 5 } print( alien_0[ ‘color‘ ] ) print( alien_0[ ‘points‘ ] )
输出为:
green
5
alien_0 = { ‘color‘ : ‘green‘, ‘points‘ : 5 } new_points = alien_0[ ‘points‘ ] print( "You just earned " + str( new_points ) + " points!" )
输出为:
You just earned 5 points!
字典是一种动态结构,可随时在其中添加键-值对。
alien_0 = { ‘color‘ : ‘green‘, ‘points‘ : 5 } print( alien_0 ) alien_0[ ‘x_position‘ ) = 0 alien_0[ ‘y_position‘ ) = 25 print( alien_0 )
输出为:
{‘color‘: ‘green‘, ‘points‘: 5} {‘color‘: ‘green‘, ‘points‘: 5, ‘x_position‘: 0, ‘y_position‘: 25}
#注意:键-值对在字典中的排列顺序可能与添加顺序不同(如上述输出中新添加的两项位置互换),但特定键-值对之间的对应关系不会改变。
alien_0 = { ‘color‘ : ‘green‘ } print( "The alien is " + alien_0[ ‘color‘ ] + "." ) alien_0[ ‘color‘ ] = ‘yellow‘ print( "The alien is now " + alien_0[ ‘color‘ ] + "." )
输出为:
The alien is green. The alien is now yellow.
使用del语句可将键-值对彻底删除。使用del语句时,必须指定字典名和要删除的键。
alien_0 = { ‘color‘ : ‘green‘, ‘points‘ : 5 } print( alien_0 ) del alien_0[ ‘points‘ ] print( alien_0 )
输出为:
{‘color‘: ‘green‘, ‘points‘: 5} {‘color‘: ‘green‘}
user_0 = { ‘username‘ : ‘efermi‘ , ‘first‘ : ‘enrico‘ , ‘last‘ : ‘fermi‘ , } for key, value in user_0.items(): print( "\nKey: " + key ) print( "Value: " + value )
输出为:
Key: username
Value: efermi
Key: first
Value: enrico
Key: last
Value: fermi
其中.items()是一个方法,使程序能够返回一个键-值对列表。
循环语句中的key,value(键,值)可替换为其他任意具有实际意义的参量,如name,language。
方法.keys()让Python提取字典favorite_languages中的所有键,并依次将它们存储到变量name中。
favorite_languages = { ‘jen‘ : ‘python‘ , ‘sarah‘ : ‘c‘ , ‘edward‘ : ‘ruby‘ , ‘phil‘ : ‘python‘ , } for name in favorite_languages.keys(): print( name.title() )
输出为:
Jen
Sarah
Edward
Phil
#注意:上述代码中,将循环语句变为"for name in favorite_languages:",即省略".keys()",输出将不变。这是因为当只给出一个参量时,Python默认优先遍历所有的键。使用方法.keys()可让代码更好理解。
使用函数sorted()可对for循环中返回的键排序,获得按特定顺序排列的键的副本
favorite_languages = { ‘jen‘ : ‘python‘ , ‘sarah‘ : ‘c‘ , ‘edward‘ : ‘ruby‘ , ‘phil‘ : ‘python‘ , } for name in sorted( favorite_languages.keys() ): print( name.title() + ", thank you for taking the poll." )
输出为:
Edward, thank you for taking the poll. Jen, thank you for taking the poll. Phil, thank you for taking the poll. Sarah, thank you for taking the poll.
方法.values()可让程序返回一个不包含任何键的值列表。
favorite_languages = { ‘jen‘ : ‘python‘ , ‘sarah‘ : ‘c‘ , ‘edward‘ : ‘ruby‘ , ‘phil‘ : ‘python‘ , } for language in favorite_languages.values(): print( language.title() ) print( "\n" ) for language in set( favorite_languages.values() ): print( language.title() )
输出为:
Python
C
Ruby
Python
C
Ruby
Python
上述代码使用到了集合(set()),它能够暂时剔除列表中的重复项。
alien_0 = { ‘color‘ : ‘green‘ , ‘points‘ : 5 } alien_1 = { ‘color‘ : ‘yellow‘ , ‘points‘ : 10 } alien_2 = { ‘color‘ : ‘red‘ , ‘points‘ : 15 } aliens = [ alien_0 , alien_1 , alien_2 ] for alien in aliens: print( alien )
输出为:
{‘color‘: ‘green‘, ‘points‘: 5} {‘color‘: ‘yellow‘, ‘points‘: 10} {‘color‘: ‘red‘, ‘points‘: 15}
favorite_languages = { ‘jen‘ : [ ‘python‘ , ‘ruby‘ ] , ‘sarah‘ : [ ‘c‘ ] , ‘edward‘ : [ ‘ruby‘ , ‘go‘ ] , ‘phil‘ : [ ‘python‘ , ‘haskell‘ ] , } for name, languages in favorite_languages.items(): print( "\n" + name.title() + "‘s favorite language(s) are:" ) for language in languages: print( "\t" + language.title() )
输出为:
Jen‘s favorite language(s) are: Python Ruby Sarah‘s favorite language(s) are: C Edward‘s favorite language(s) are: Ruby Go Phil‘s favorite language(s) are: Python Haskell
即在字典中嵌套字典。
users = { ‘aeinstein‘ : { ‘first‘ : ‘albert‘ , ‘last‘ : ‘einstein‘ , ‘location‘ : ‘princeton‘ , } , ‘mcurie‘ : { ‘first‘ : ‘marie‘ , ‘last‘ : ‘curie‘ , ‘location‘ : ‘paris‘ , } , } for username, user_info in users.items(): print( "\nUsername: " + username ) full_name = user_info[ ‘first‘ ] + " " + user_info[ ‘last‘ ] location = user_info[ ‘location‘ ] print( "\tFull name: " + full_name.title() ) print( "\tLocation: " + location.title() )
输出为:
Username: aeinstein
Full name: Albert Einstein
Location: Princeton
Username: mcurie
Full name: Marie Curie
Location: Paris
参考书籍:《Python编程:从入门到实践》
2020-07-11
标签:动态 返回 提取 poi 访问 ges position sorted print
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/carl39/p/13282846.html