Python+Selenium框架设计篇之4-框架内封装基类和实现POM

# coding=utf-8
 
import time
 
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
 
import os.path
 
from framework.logger import Logger
 
 
 
# create a logger instance
 
logger = Logger(logger="BasePage").getlog()
 
 
 
 
 
class BasePage(object):
 
"""
 
定义一个页面基类，让所有页面都继承这个类，封装一些常用的页面操作方法到这个类
 
"""
 
 
 
def __init__(self, driver):
 
self.driver = driver
 
 
 
# quit browser and end testing
 
def quit_browser(self):
 
self.driver.quit()
 
 
 
# 浏览器前进操作
 
def forward(self):
 
self.driver.forward()
 
logger.info("Click forward on current page.")
 
 
 
# 浏览器后退操作
 
def back(self):
 
self.driver.back()
 
logger.info("Click back on current page.")
 
 
 
# 隐式等待
 
def wait(self, seconds):
 
self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds)
 
logger.info("wait for %d seconds." % seconds)
 
 
 
# 点击关闭当前窗口
 
def close(self):
 
try:
 
self.driver.close()
 
logger.info("Closing and quit the browser.")
 
except NameError as e:
 
logger.error("Failed to quit the browser with %s" % e)
 
 
 
# 保存图片
 
def get_windows_img(self):
 
"""
 
在这里我们把file_path这个参数写死，直接保存到我们项目根目录的一个文件夹.\Screenshots下
 
"""
 
file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(‘.‘)) + ‘/screenshots/‘
 
rq = time.strftime(‘%Y%m%d%H%M‘, time.localtime(time.time()))
 
screen_name = file_path + rq + ‘.png‘
 
try:
 
self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screen_name)
 
logger.info("Had take screenshot and save to folder : /screenshots")
 
except NameError as e:
 
logger.error("Failed to take screenshot! %s" % e)
 
self.get_windows_img()
 
 
 
# 定位元素方法
 
def find_element(self, selector):
 
"""
 
这个地方为什么是根据=>来切割字符串，请看页面里定位元素的方法
 
submit_btn = "id=>su"
 
login_lnk = "xpath => //*[@id=‘u1‘]/a[7]" # 百度首页登录链接定位
 
如果采用等号，结果很多xpath表达式中包含一个=，这样会造成切割不准确，影响元素定位
 
:param selector:
 
:return: element
 
"""
 
element = ‘‘
 
if ‘=>‘ not in selector:
 
return self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector)
 
selector_by = selector.split(‘=>‘)[0]
 
selector_value = selector.split(‘=>‘)[1]
 
 
 
if selector_by == "i" or selector_by == ‘id‘:
 
try:
 
element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value)
 
logger.info("Had find the element \‘ %s \‘ successful "
 
"by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value))
 
except NoSuchElementException as e:
 
logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e)
 
self.get_windows_img() # take screenshot
 
elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == ‘name‘:
 
element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value)
 
elif selector_by == "c" or selector_by == ‘class_name‘:
 
element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value)
 
elif selector_by == "l" or selector_by == ‘link_text‘:
 
element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value)
 
elif selector_by == "p" or selector_by == ‘partial_link_text‘:
 
element = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value)
 
elif selector_by == "t" or selector_by == ‘tag_name‘:
 
element = self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value)
 
elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == ‘xpath‘:
 
try:
 
element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value)
 
logger.info("Had find the element \‘ %s \‘ successful "
 
"by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value))
 
except NoSuchElementException as e:
 
logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e)
 
self.get_windows_img()
 
elif selector_by == "s" or selector_by == ‘selector_selector‘:
 
element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value)
 
else:
 
raise NameError("Please enter a valid type of targeting elements.")
 
 
 
return element
 
 
 
# 输入
 
def type(self, selector, text):
 
 
 
el = self.find_element(selector)
 
el.clear()
 
try:
 
el.send_keys(text)
 
logger.info("Had type \‘ %s \‘ in inputBox" % text)
 
except NameError as e:
 
logger.error("Failed to type in input box with %s" % e)
 
self.get_windows_img()
 
 
 
# 清除文本框
 
def clear(self, selector):
 
 
 
el = self.find_element(selector)
 
try:
 
el.clear()
 
logger.info("Clear text in input box before typing.")
 
except NameError as e:
 
logger.error("Failed to clear in input box with %s" % e)
 
self.get_windows_img()
 
 
 
# 点击元素
 
def click(self, selector):
 
 
 
el = self.find_element(selector)
 
try:
 
el.click()
 
logger.info("The element \‘ %s \‘ was clicked." % el.text)
 
except NameError as e:
 
logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" % e)
 
 
 
# 或者网页标题
 
def get_page_title(self):
 
logger.info("Current page title is %s" % self.driver.title)
 
return self.driver.title
 
 
 
@staticmethod
 
def sleep(seconds):
 
time.sleep(seconds)
 
logger.info("Sleep for %d seconds" % seconds)

# coding=utf-8
 
from framework.base_page import BasePage
 
 
 
 
 
class HomePage(BasePage):
 
 
 
input_box = "id=>kw"
 
search_submit_btn = "xpath=>//*[@id=‘su‘]"
 
 
 
def type_search(self, text):
 
self.type(self.input_box, text)
 
 
 
def send_submit_btn(self):
 
self.click(self.search_submit_btn)
这里注意下元素定位写法，=>和base_page.py中find_element()方法元素定位切割有关系，网上有些人写根据逗号切割或者等号切割，在实际使用xpath定位，发现单独逗号或者单独等号切割都不精确，造成元素定位失败。

4. 测试类的写法举例

 

 
# coding=utf-8
 
import time
 
import unittest
 
from framework.browser_engine import BrowserEngine
 
from pageobjects.baidu_homepage import HomePage
 
 
 
 
 
class BaiduSearch(unittest.TestCase):
 
 
 
def setUp(self):
 
"""
 
测试固件的setUp()的代码，主要是测试的前提准备工作
 
:return:
 
"""
 
browse = BrowserEngine(self)
 
self.driver = browse.open_browser(self)
 
 
 
def tearDown(self):
 
"""
 
测试结束后的操作，这里基本上都是关闭浏览器
 
:return:
 
"""
 
self.driver.quit()
 
 
 
def test_baidu_search(self):
 
"""
 
这里一定要test开头，把测试逻辑代码封装到一个test开头的方法里。
 
:return:
 
"""
 
homepage = HomePage(self.driver)
 
homepage.type_search(‘selenium‘) # 调用页面对象中的方法
 
homepage.send_submit_btn() #调用页面对象类中的点击搜索按钮方法
 
time.sleep(2)
 
homepage.get_windows_img() # 调用基类截图方法
 
try:
 
assert ‘selenium‘ in homepage.get_page_title() # 调用页面对象继承基类中的获取页面标题方法
 
print (‘Test Pass.‘)
 
except Exception as e:
 
print (‘Test Fail.‘, format(e))
 
 
 
if __name__ == ‘__main__‘:
 
unittest.main()
 

 homepage = HomePage(self.driver)