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六、Linux 系统yum仓库与硬盘挂载

时间:2020-09-18 01:29:17      阅读:41      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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1.自建yum仓库,分别为网络源和本地源。

备份yum源配置

[root@centos6 ~]#ll /etc/yum.repos.d/
total 28
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  647 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  289 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8854 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@centos6 ~]#cd !*
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#mkdir backup
[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#ll
total 32
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root 4096 Sep  1 02:20 backup
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 1991 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-Base.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  647 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  289 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-fasttrack.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  630 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-Media.repo
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 8854 Jun 26  2018 CentOS-Vault.repo
[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#mv ./*.repo backup/
[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#ll
total 4
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep  1 02:21 backup

挂载光盘

[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#mkdir /mnt/cdrom
[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#mount /dev/sr0 /mnt/cdrom/
mount: block device /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only
[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#df -h
Filesystem      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2        99G  4.3G   90G   5% /
tmpfs           931M   84K  931M   1% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1       976M   39M  887M   5% /boot
/dev/sda3        50G   52M   47G   1% /data
/dev/sr0        3.8G  3.8G     0 100% /mnt/cdrom

配置本地光盘为yum本地源
在/etc/yum.repos.d/路径下建立文件base.repo写入以下内容:

[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#cat base.repo 
[base]
name=cdrom
baseurl=file:///misc/cd/
gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=file:///misc/cd/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-6

配置阿里云epel作为网络源,在上述文件中再添加以下内容:

[epel]
name=aliyun epel
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/x86_64
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1
注意##enabled=1时启动网络源,enabled=0时关闭网络源

查看yum源配置结果

[root@centos6 yum.repos.d]#yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, refresh-packagekit, security
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base                                                                    | 4.0 kB     00:00 ... 
epel                                                                    | 4.7 kB     00:00     
epel/primary_db                                                         | 6.1 MB     00:01     
repo id                                   repo name                                      status
base                                      cdrom                                           6,713
epel                                      aliyun epel                                    12,582
repolist: 19,295

2.编译安装http2.4,实现可以正常访问,并将编译步骤和结果提交。

[16:07:55 root@centos7 ~]#tar xvf httpd-2.4.25.tar.gz
[16:08:47 root@centos7 httpd-2.4.25]#yum -y install gcc apr-devel apr-util-devel pcre-devel openssl-devel 
[16:08:47 root@centos7 httpd-2.4.25]#./configure --prefix=/app/http24 --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl --enable-so
[16:08:47 root@centos7 httpd-2.4.25]#make -j 4
[16:08:47 root@centos7 httpd-2.4.25]#make install
[16:08:47 root@centos7 httpd-2.4.25]#vim /etc/profile.d/env.sh
#export PATH=/app/http24/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:$PATH
[16:08:47 root@centos7 httpd-2.4.25]#source /etc/profile.d/env.sh
[16:08:47 root@centos7 httpd-2.4.25]#echo $PATH
/app/httpd24/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/apache/bin:/root/bin
[16:08:47 root@centos7 httpd-2.4.25]#cd
[root@localhost ~]#apachectl star

技术图片

3.创建一个2G的文件系统,块大小为2048byte,预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4,卷标为TEST,要求此分区开机后自动挂载至/test目录,且默认有acl挂载选项。

虚拟机在线新增一个20G硬盘,识别使用以下命令

echo ‘- - -‘ > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
echo ‘- - -‘ > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
[14:41:46 root@centos7 ~]#lsblk 
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2        8:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─sda3        8:3    0   50G  0 part /data
├─sda4        8:4    0    1K  0 part 
├─sda5        8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda6        8:6    0    2G  0 part /mnt/sda6
└─sda7        8:7    0    3G  0 part 
sdb           8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─sdb1        8:17   0    4G  0 part 
└─sdb2        8:18   0    2G  0 part /home
sdc           8:32   0   20G  0 disk 
sdd           8:48   0   10G  0 disk 
└─vg0-mysql 253:0    0    8G  0 lvm  /mnt/mysql
sr0          11:0    1  4.5G  0 rom  /mnt/cdrom

创建一个2G分区,保存后不生效,请执行partprobe进行同步

[14:44:57 root@centos7 ~]#fdisk /dev/sdc 
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xe87cdb45.

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 
First sector (2048-41943039, default 2048): 
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-41943039, default 41943039): +2G
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 2 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe87cdb45

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[14:50:10 root@centos7 ~]#lsblk 
NAME        MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda           8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1        8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2        8:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─sda3        8:3    0   50G  0 part /data
├─sda4        8:4    0    1K  0 part 
├─sda5        8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda6        8:6    0    2G  0 part /mnt/sda6
└─sda7        8:7    0    3G  0 part 
sdb           8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─sdb1        8:17   0    4G  0 part 
└─sdb2        8:18   0    2G  0 part /home
sdc           8:32   0   20G  0 disk 
└─sdc1        8:33   0    2G  0 part 
sdd           8:48   0   10G  0 disk 
└─vg0-mysql 253:0    0    8G  0 lvm  /mnt/mysql
sr0          11:0    1  4.5G  0 rom  /mnt/cdrom

将2G空间的分区格式化为块大小为2048byte,预留1%可用空间,文件系统 ext4,卷标为TEST

[14:54:18 root@centos7 ~]#mkfs.ext4 -t ext4 -b 2048 -m 1 -L TEST /dev/sdc1
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=TEST
OS type: Linux
Block size=2048 (log=1)
Fragment size=2048 (log=1)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
131072 inodes, 1048576 blocks
10485 blocks (1.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=269484032
64 block groups
16384 blocks per group, 16384 fragments per group
2048 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	16384, 49152, 81920, 114688, 147456, 409600, 442368, 802816

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[14:54:45 root@centos7 ~]#blkid /dev/sdc1
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="06573fa3-f4a7-4961-a69e-038dea237ee3" TYPE="ext4" 
[14:54:58 root@centos7 ~]#tune2fs -l /dev/sdc1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name:   TEST
Last mounted on:          <not available>
Filesystem UUID:          06573fa3-f4a7-4961-a69e-038dea237ee3
Filesystem magic number:  0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash 
Default mount options:    user_xattr acl
Filesystem state:         clean
Errors behavior:          Continue
Filesystem OS type:       Linux
Inode count:              131072
Block count:              1048576
Reserved block count:     10485
Free blocks:              994651
Free inodes:              131061
First block:              0
Block size:               2048
Fragment size:            2048
Group descriptor size:    64
Reserved GDT blocks:      512
Blocks per group:         16384
Fragments per group:      16384
Inodes per group:         2048
Inode blocks per group:   256
Flex block group size:    16
Filesystem created:       Sun Sep 13 14:54:44 2020
Last mount time:          n/a
Last write time:          Sun Sep 13 14:54:45 2020
Mount count:              0
Maximum mount count:      -1
Last checked:             Sun Sep 13 14:54:44 2020
Check interval:           0 (<none>)
Lifetime writes:          65 MB
Reserved blocks uid:      0 (user root)
Reserved blocks gid:      0 (group root)
First inode:              11
Inode size:	          256
Required extra isize:     28
Desired extra isize:      28
Journal inode:            8
Default directory hash:   half_md4
Directory Hash Seed:      9eefdff2-eff9-4cec-b611-6b0df42b5a55
Journal backup:           inode blocks

将配置写入/etc/fstab

[14:57:51 root@centos7 ~]#mkdir /mnt/test
[14:57:58 root@centos7 ~]#cat /etc/fstab 

#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Jun 27 23:00:26 2020
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under ‘/dev/disk‘
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=7fe60235-39b2-4c21-9b41-c5f5dd46abed /                       xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=6df336dd-758b-48c3-abf0-ddb9745ebaef /boot                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=48940412-0f85-4525-a992-5000f210c847 /data                   xfs     defaults        0 0
UUID=ff40c635-1eed-4078-94ac-adcd74b3b844 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
UUID=7c1968a3-f395-48ac-a25f-1161cbb83313 /mnt/sda6               xfs     defaults 0 0
UUID=77d71eda-6592-4357-ae8f-7b35c2333a85  /home  xfs defaults 0 0 
UUID=06573fa3-f4a7-4961-a69e-038dea237ee3  /test ext4 acl 0 0
[14:58:30 root@centos7 ~]#tune2fs -l /dev/sdc1
tune2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem volume name:   TEST
Last mounted on:          <not available>
Filesystem UUID:          06573fa3-f4a7-4961-a69e-038dea237ee3
Filesystem magic number:  0xEF53
Filesystem revision #:    1 (dynamic)
Filesystem features:      has_journal ext_attr resize_inode dir_index filetype extent 64bit flex_bg sparse_super huge_file uninit_bg dir_nlink extra_isize
Filesystem flags:         signed_directory_hash 
Default mount options:    user_xattr acl

4.创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的VG;要求PE大小 为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv;挂载至/users目录。

查看硬盘信息,用sdc和sdd中的10G空间共同创建物理卷组

[16:10:52 root@centos7 ~]#lsblk
NAME   MAJ:MIN RM  SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda      8:0    0  200G  0 disk 
├─sda1   8:1    0    1G  0 part /boot
├─sda2   8:2    0  100G  0 part /
├─sda3   8:3    0   50G  0 part /data
├─sda4   8:4    0    1K  0 part 
├─sda5   8:5    0    4G  0 part [SWAP]
├─sda6   8:6    0    2G  0 part /mnt/sda6
└─sda7   8:7    0    3G  0 part 
sdb      8:16   0  200G  0 disk 
├─sdb1   8:17   0    4G  0 part 
└─sdb2   8:18   0    2G  0 part /home
sdc      8:32   0   20G  0 disk 
└─sdc1   8:33   0    2G  0 part 
sdd      8:48   0   10G  0 disk 
sr0     11:0    1  4.5G  0 rom  /mnt/cdrom

在sdc硬盘上创建10G的分区

[16:10:54 root@centos7 ~]#fdisk /dev/sdc
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).

Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.


Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe87cdb45

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux

Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
   p   primary (1 primary, 0 extended, 3 free)
   e   extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (2-4, default 2): 
First sector (4196352-41943039, default 4196352): 
Using default value 4196352
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (4196352-41943039, default 41943039): +10G
Partition 2 of type Linux and of size 10 GiB is set

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe87cdb45

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdc2         4196352    25167871    10485760   83  Linux

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1,2, default 2): 2
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition ‘Linux‘ to ‘Linux LVM‘

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sdc: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xe87cdb45

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sdc1            2048     4196351     2097152   83  Linux
/dev/sdc2         4196352    25167871    10485760   8e  Linux LVM

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

在sdc2分区和sdd上分别创建物理卷(pv)

[16:15:17 root@centos7 ~]#pvcreate /dev/sd{c2,d}
  Physical volume "/dev/sdc2" successfully created.
  Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created.
[16:16:28 root@centos7 ~]#pvs
  PV         VG Fmt  Attr PSize  PFree 
  /dev/sdc2     lvm2 ---  10.00g 10.00g
  /dev/sdd      lvm2 ---  10.00g 10.00g

创建物理卷组(vg),并将以上的pv加入其中

[16:16:31 root@centos7 ~]#vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sdd /dev/sdc2
  Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[16:18:31 root@centos7 ~]#vgs
  VG     #PV #LV #SN Attr   VSize   VFree  
  testvg   2   0   0 wz--n- <19.97g <19.97g
[16:18:35 root@centos7 ~]#vgdisplay 
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               testvg
  System ID             
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        2
  Metadata Sequence No  1
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                0
  Open LV               0
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                2
  Act PV                2
  VG Size               <19.97 GiB
  PE Size               16.00 MiB
  Total PE              1278
  Alloc PE / Size       0 / 0   
  Free  PE / Size       1278 / <19.97 GiB
  VG UUID               b3C8BL-3SAl-gXxD-0Joc-fw3B-gtrN-1QjLPD

在testvgz中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷(lv)

[16:19:35 root@centos7 ~]#lvcreate -n testlv -L 5G testvg 
WARNING: xfs signature detected on /dev/testvg/testlv at offset 0. Wipe it? [y/n]: y
  Wiping xfs signature on /dev/testvg/testlv.
  Logical volume "testlv" created.
[16:20:15 root@centos7 ~]#lvs
  LV     VG     Attr       LSize Pool Origin Data%  Meta%  Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
  testlv testvg -wi-a----- 5.00g 

创建文件系统

[16:20:20 root@centos7 ~]#mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv 
mke2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
327680 inodes, 1310720 blocks
65536 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=1342177280
40 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
	32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736

Allocating group tables: done                            
Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done 

[16:21:41 root@centos7 ~]#blkid 
/dev/sda1: UUID="6df336dd-758b-48c3-abf0-ddb9745ebaef" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="7fe60235-39b2-4c21-9b41-c5f5dd46abed" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda3: UUID="48940412-0f85-4525-a992-5000f210c847" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sda5: UUID="ff40c635-1eed-4078-94ac-adcd74b3b844" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/sda6: UUID="7c1968a3-f395-48ac-a25f-1161cbb83313" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sr0: UUID="2020-04-22-00-54-00-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos" 
/dev/sdb2: UUID="77d71eda-6592-4357-ae8f-7b35c2333a85" TYPE="xfs" 
/dev/sdd: UUID="emilQ9-sk2h-ry6t-hyu8-p69l-yUz0-aAhcQ3" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/sdc1: LABEL="TEST" UUID="06573fa3-f4a7-4961-a69e-038dea237ee3" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sdc2: UUID="KLIwlU-Ohbs-l1Lu-MUVY-EVbO-zKJd-VkjrJz" TYPE="LVM2_member" 
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv: UUID="8a76d6b3-e95b-4192-ad9f-f88d068e64df" TYPE="ext4"

在/etc/fstab配置文件中添加以下内容:

UUID=8a76d6b3-e95b-4192-ad9f-f88d068e64df /users  ext4 defaults 0 0

创建目标文件夹,并手动使配置文件生效

[16:26:04 root@centos7 ~]#mount /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv /mnt/users/
[16:26:26 root@centos7 ~]#df -h
Filesystem                 Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs                   975M     0  975M   0% /dev
tmpfs                      991M     0  991M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                      991M   11M  980M   2% /run
tmpfs                      991M     0  991M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2                  100G  5.0G   95G   5% /
/dev/sda3                   50G  105M   50G   1% /data
/dev/sda6                  2.0G   33M  2.0G   2% /mnt/sda6
/dev/sda1                 1014M  169M  846M  17% /boot
tmpfs                      199M   12K  199M   1% /run/user/42
/dev/sr0                   4.5G  4.5G     0 100% /mnt/cdrom
/dev/sdb2                  2.0G   40M  2.0G   2% /home
tmpfs                      199M     0  199M   0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv  4.8G   20M  4.6G   1% /mnt/users

六、Linux 系统yum仓库与硬盘挂载

标签:class   ups   alter   none   dfs   poi   label   host   roo   

原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/studywen/p/13627733.html

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