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Spring DI 依赖注入有几种方式?

时间:2020-10-05 21:43:03      阅读:104      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

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技术图片

Spring 实例化 bean 的方式

  • Set注入
  • 构造器注入
  • 静态工厂注入
  • 实例化工厂注入

案例实操

Set注入

xml配置(同时spring也提供了对于基本数据类型的set注入方式)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.xxx.demo.UserDao"></bean>
    <!-- setter注入 -->
    <bean id="userService" class="com.xxx.demo.UserService">
        <!--ref是对于外部bean对象引用,与被引用的bean对象的id保持一致-->
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

UserDao.java

public class UserDao {
    public String userLogin() {
        return  "我是UserDao中的userLogin()的方法";
    }
}

UserService.java

public class UserService {
    //一定要提供属性的setter方法
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void userlogin() {
        String res=userDao.userLogin();
        System.out.println(res);
    }

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
}

App.java

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

public class App {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext applicationContext=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring-config.xml");
        UserService userService=applicationContext.getBean("userService", UserService.class);
        userService.userlogin();
    }
}

构造器注入

xml配置(也提供对于基本数据类型、字符串等值的注入)

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <bean id="userDao" class="com.xxx.demo.UserDao"></bean>
    <!-- 构造器注入 -->
    <bean id="userServiceV2" class="com.xxx.demo.UserServiceV2">
        <constructor-arg index="0" ref="userDao"></constructor-arg>
        <constructor-arg index="1" value="印度三哥"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>
</beans>

构造器注入有三种形式:

index属性为参数顺序,如果只有一个参数index可以不设置。

name属性根据构造器中属性的名字。

type属性,是根据构造器中属性的类型来匹配的。如果相同类型属性不唯一,注入的属性按照顺序注入进来。

UserServiceV2.java类提供构造函数

/**
 * 实现构造器注入
 * @author Best Liu
 *
 */
public class UserServiceV2 {
    private UserDao userDao;
    private String name;
    public void userlogin() {
        String res=userDao.userLogin();
        System.out.println(res);
        System.out.println(name);
    }
    public UserServiceV2(UserDao userDao,String name) {
        super();
        this.userDao = userDao;
        this.name = name;
    }
}

静态工厂注入

xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <!-- 静态工厂注入 -->
    <bean id="userDao01" class="com.xxx.demo.StaticFactory" factory-method="createuserDao"></bean>
    <bean id="userService01" class="com.xxx.demo.UserService">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao01"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

StaticFactory.java

public class StaticFactory {
    public static UserDao createuserDao(){
        return new UserDao();
    }
}

UserService.java

public class UserService {
    private UserDao userDao;

    public void userlogin() {
        String res=userDao.userLogin();
        System.out.println(res);
    }

    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
}

tips:静态工厂注入就是IoC静态工厂和DI的setter注入,将需要注入的属性对象利用静态工厂创建出来.

2.4 实例化工厂

xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">

    <!-- 实例化工厂 -->
    <bean id="instanceFactory" class="com.xxx.demo.InstanceFactory"></bean>
    <bean id="userDao3" factory-bean="instanceFactory" factory-method="createUserDao"></bean>
    <bean id="userService02" class="com.xxx.demo.UserService">
        <property name="userDao" ref="userDao3"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

InstanceFactory.java

public class InstanceFactory {
    public UserDao createUserDao(){
        return new UserDao();
    }
}

tips:重点掌握set,构造器注入,工厂方式了解即可,实际开发中基本使用set方式注入bean。

扩展

循环依赖的问题的产生

Bean通过构造器注入,之间彼此相互依赖对方导致bean无法实例化。

注入的选择:开发项目中set方式注入首选

使用构造注入可以在构建对象的同时一并完成依赖关系的建立,对象一建立则所有的一切也就准备好了,但如果要建立的对象关系很多,使用构造注入会在构建函数上留下一长串的参数,且不易记忆,这时使用Set注入会是个不错的选择。

使用Set注入可以有明确的名称,可以了解注入的对象会是什么,像setxxx()这样的名称比记忆Constructor上某个参数的位置代表某个对象更好。

xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
    <bean id="goodsService" class="com.xxx.demo.GoodsService">
        <!-- <constructor-arg index="0" ref="userService"></constructor-arg> -->
        <property name="userService" ref="userService"></property>
    </bean>
    <bean id="userService" class="com.xxx.demo.UserService">
        <!-- <constructor-arg index="0" ref="goodsService"></constructor-arg> -->
        <property name="goodsService" ref="goodsService"></property>
    </bean>
</beans>

GoodsService.java

public class GoodsService {
    private UserService userService;
    /*public GoodsService(UserService userService) {
        super();
        this.userService = userService;
    }*/
    public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
        this.userService = userService;
    }
}

UserService.java

public class UserService {
    private GoodsService goodsService;
/*  public UserService(GoodsService goodsService) {
        super();
        this.goodsService = goodsService;
    }
*/
    public void setGoodsService(GoodsService goodsService) {
        this.goodsService = goodsService;
    }   
}

Spring DI 依赖注入有几种方式?

标签:ext   rgs   odi   src   ram   完成   ips   ret   相同   

原文地址:https://blog.51cto.com/14936819/2539632

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