标签:efi 调度 logs 文件权限 它的 comm let dev 系统
K8S之存储Volume概述与说明,并详解常用Volume示例
服务器名称(hostname) | 系统版本 | 配置 | 内网IP | 外网IP(模拟) |
---|---|---|---|---|
k8s-master | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.110 | 10.0.0.110 |
k8s-node01 | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.111 | 10.0.0.111 |
k8s-node02 | CentOS7.7 | 2C/4G/20G | 172.16.1.112 | 10.0.0.112 |
在容器中的文件在磁盘上是临时存放的,当容器关闭时这些临时文件也会被一并清除。这给容器中运行的特殊应用程序带来一些问题。
首先,当容器崩溃时,kubelet 将重新启动容器,容器中的文件将会丢失——因为容器会以干净的状态重建。
其次,当在一个 Pod 中同时运行多个容器时,常常需要在这些容器之间共享文件。
Kubernetes 抽象出 Volume 对象来解决这两个问题。
Kubernetes Volume卷具有明确的生命周期——与包裹它的 Pod 相同。 因此,Volume比 Pod 中运行的任何容器的存活期都长,在容器重新启动时数据也会得到保留。 当然,当一个 Pod 不再存在时,Volume也将不再存在。更重要的是,Kubernetes 可以支持许多类型的Volume卷,Pod 也能同时使用任意数量的Volume卷。
使用卷时,Pod 声明中需要提供卷的类型 (.spec.volumes 字段)和卷挂载的位置 (.spec.containers.volumeMounts 字段).
Kubernetes 支持下列类型的卷:
1 awsElasticBlockStore 2 azureDisk 3 azureFile 4 cephfs 5 cinder 6 configMap 7 csi 8 downwardAPI 9 emptyDir 10 fc (fibre channel) 11 flexVolume 12 flocker 13 gcePersistentDisk 14 gitRepo (deprecated) 15 glusterfs 16 hostPath 17 iscsi 18 local 19 nfs 20 persistentVolumeClaim 21 projected 22 portworxVolume 23 quobyte 24 rbd 25 scaleIO 26 secret 27 storageos 28 vsphereVolume
这里我们只介绍常用的存储,包括:Secret、ConfigMap、emptyDir、hostPath。
其中Secret参考文章:「Kubernetes K8S之存储Secret详解」
ConfigMap参考文章:「Kubernetes K8S之存储ConfigMap详解」
本文只说emptyDir和hostPath存储。
当 Pod 指定到某个节点上时,首先创建的是一个 emptyDir 卷,并且只要 Pod 在该节点上运行,卷就一直存在。就像它的名称表示的那样,卷最初是空的。
尽管 Pod 中每个容器挂载 emptyDir 卷的路径可能相同也可能不同,但是这些容器都可以读写 emptyDir 卷中相同的文件。
如果Pod中有多个容器,其中某个容器重启,不会影响emptyDir 卷中的数据。当 Pod 因为某些原因被删除时,emptyDir 卷中的数据也会永久删除。
注意:容器崩溃并不会导致 Pod 被从节点上移除,因此容器崩溃时 emptyDir 卷中的数据是安全的。
yaml文件
1 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# pwd 2 /root/k8s_practice/emptydir 3 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# cat pod_emptydir.yaml 4 apiVersion: v1 5 kind: Pod 6 metadata: 7 name: pod-emptydir 8 namespace: default 9 spec: 10 containers: 11 - name: myapp-pod 12 image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1 13 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent 14 volumeMounts: 15 - mountPath: /cache 16 name: cache-volume 17 - name: busybox-pod 18 image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/busybox:1.24 19 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent 20 command: ["/bin/sh", "-c", "sleep 3600"] 21 volumeMounts: 22 - mountPath: /test/cache 23 name: cache-volume 24 volumes: 25 - name: cache-volume 26 emptyDir: {}
启动pod,并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# kubectl apply -f pod_emptydir.yaml 2 pod/pod-emptydir created 3 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# 4 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# kubectl get pod -o wide 5 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES 6 pod-emptydir 2/2 Running 0 10s 10.244.2.166 k8s-node02 <none> <none> 7 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# 8 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# kubectl describe pod pod-emptydir 9 Name: pod-emptydir 10 Namespace: default 11 Priority: 0 12 Node: k8s-node02/172.16.1.112 13 Start Time: Fri, 12 Jun 2020 22:49:11 +0800 14 Labels: <none> 15 Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: 16 {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"pod-emptydir","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"... 17 Status: Running 18 IP: 10.244.2.166 19 IPs: 20 IP: 10.244.2.166 21 Containers: 22 myapp-pod: 23 Container ID: docker://d45663776b40a24e7cfc3cf46cb08cf3ed6b98b023a5d2cb5f42bee2234c7338 24 Image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1 25 Image ID: docker-pullable://10.0.0.110:5000/k8s-secret/myapp@sha256:9eeca44ba2d410e54fccc54cbe9c021802aa8b9836a0bcf3d3229354e4c8870e 26 Port: <none> 27 Host Port: <none> 28 State: Running 29 Started: Fri, 12 Jun 2020 22:49:12 +0800 30 Ready: True 31 Restart Count: 0 32 Environment: <none> 33 Mounts: 34 /cache from cache-volume (rw) ##### 挂载信息 35 /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-v48g4 (ro) 36 busybox-pod: 37 Container ID: docker://c2917ba30c3322fb0caead5d97476b341e691f9fb1990091264364b8cd340512 38 Image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/busybox:1.24 39 Image ID: docker-pullable://registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/ducafe/busybox@sha256:f73ae051fae52945d92ee20d62c315306c593c59a429ccbbdcba4a488ee12269 40 Port: <none> 41 Host Port: <none> 42 Command: 43 /bin/sh 44 -c 45 sleep 3600 46 State: Running 47 Started: Fri, 12 Jun 2020 22:49:12 +0800 48 Ready: True 49 Restart Count: 0 50 Environment: <none> 51 Mounts: 52 /test/cache from cache-volume (rw) ##### 挂载信息 53 /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-v48g4 (ro) 54 Conditions: 55 Type Status 56 Initialized True 57 Ready True 58 ContainersReady True 59 PodScheduled True 60 Volumes: 61 cache-volume: 62 Type: EmptyDir (a temporary directory that shares a pod‘s lifetime) 63 Medium: 64 SizeLimit: <unset> 65 default-token-v48g4: 66 Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret) 67 SecretName: default-token-v48g4 68 Optional: false 69 QoS Class: BestEffort 70 Node-Selectors: <none> 71 Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s 72 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s 73 Events: 74 Type Reason Age From Message 75 ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- 76 Normal Scheduled 3s default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/pod-emptydir to k8s-node02 77 Normal Pulled 2s kubelet, k8s-node02 Container image "registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1" already present on machine 78 Normal Created 2s kubelet, k8s-node02 Created container myapp-pod 79 Normal Started 2s kubelet, k8s-node02 Started container myapp-pod 80 Normal Pulled 2s kubelet, k8s-node02 Container image "registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/busybox:1.24" already present on machine 81 Normal Created 2s kubelet, k8s-node02 Created container busybox-pod 82 Normal Started 2s kubelet, k8s-node02 Started container busybox-pod
在pod中的myapp-pod容器内操作
1 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# kubectl exec -it pod-emptydir -c myapp-pod -- sh 2 / # cd /cache 3 /cache # 4 /cache # pwd 5 /cache 6 /cache # 7 /cache # date >> data.info 8 /cache # ls -l 9 total 4 10 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 Jun 12 14:53 data.info 11 /cache # cat data.info 12 Fri Jun 12 14:53:27 UTC 2020
在pod中的busybox-pod容器内操作
1 [root@k8s-master emptydir]# kubectl exec -it pod-emptydir -c busybox-pod -- sh 2 / # cd /test/cache 3 /test/cache # ls -l 4 total 4 5 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29 Jun 12 14:53 data.info 6 /test/cache # cat data.info 7 Fri Jun 12 14:53:27 UTC 2020 8 /test/cache # 9 /test/cache # echo "===" >> data.info 10 /test/cache # date >> data.info 11 /test/cache # cat data.info 12 Fri Jun 12 14:53:27 UTC 2020 13 === 14 Fri Jun 12 14:56:05 UTC 2020
由上可见,一个Pod中多个容器可共享同一个emptyDir卷。
hostPath 卷能将主机node节点文件系统上的文件或目录挂载到你的 Pod 中。 虽然这不是大多数 Pod 需要的,但是它为一些应用程序提供了强大的逃生舱。
除了必需的 path 属性之外,用户可以选择性地为 hostPath 卷指定 type。支持的 type 值如下:
取值 | 行为 |
---|---|
空字符串(默认)用于向后兼容,这意味着在安装 hostPath 卷之前不会执行任何检查 | |
DirectoryOrCreate | 如果指定的路径不存在,那么将根据需要创建空目录,权限设置为 0755,具有与 Kubelet 相同的组和所有权 |
Directory | 给定的路径必须存在 |
FileOrCreate | 如果给定路径的文件不存在,那么将在那里根据需要创建空文件,权限设置为 0644,具有与 Kubelet 相同的组和所有权【前提:文件所在目录必须存在;目录不存在则不能创建文件】 |
File | 给定路径上的文件必须存在 |
Socket | 在给定路径上必须存在的 UNIX 套接字 |
CharDevice | 在给定路径上必须存在的字符设备 |
BlockDevice | 在给定路径上必须存在的块设备 |
当使用这种类型的卷时要小心,因为:
yaml文件
1 [root@k8s-master hostpath]# pwd 2 /root/k8s_practice/hostpath 3 [root@k8s-master hostpath]# cat pod_hostpath.yaml 4 apiVersion: v1 5 kind: Pod 6 metadata: 7 name: pod-hostpath 8 namespace: default 9 spec: 10 containers: 11 - name: myapp-pod 12 image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1 13 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent 14 volumeMounts: 15 - name: hostpath-dir-volume 16 mountPath: /test-k8s/hostpath-dir 17 - name: hostpath-file-volume 18 mountPath: /test/hostpath-file/test.conf 19 volumes: 20 - name: hostpath-dir-volume 21 hostPath: 22 # 宿主机目录 23 path: /k8s/hostpath-dir 24 # hostPath 卷指定 type,如果目录不存在则创建(可创建多层目录) 25 type: DirectoryOrCreate 26 - name: hostpath-file-volume 27 hostPath: 28 path: /k8s2/hostpath-file/test.conf 29 # 如果文件不存在则创建。 前提:文件所在目录必须存在 目录不存在则不能创建文件 30 type: FileOrCreate
启动pod,并查看状态
1 [root@k8s-master hostpath]# kubectl apply -f pod_hostpath.yaml 2 pod/pod-hostpath created 3 [root@k8s-master hostpath]# 4 [root@k8s-master hostpath]# kubectl get pod -o wide 5 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES 6 pod-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 17s 10.244.4.133 k8s-node01 <none> <none> 7 [root@k8s-master hostpath]# 8 [root@k8s-master hostpath]# kubectl describe pod pod-hostpath 9 Name: pod-hostpath 10 Namespace: default 11 Priority: 0 12 Node: k8s-node01/172.16.1.111 13 Start Time: Sat, 13 Jun 2020 16:12:15 +0800 14 Labels: <none> 15 Annotations: kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: 16 {"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"pod-hostpath","namespace":"default"},"spec":{"containers":[{"image":"... 17 Status: Running 18 IP: 10.244.4.133 19 IPs: 20 IP: 10.244.4.133 21 Containers: 22 myapp-pod: 23 Container ID: docker://8cc87217fb483288067fb6d227c46aa890d02f75cae85c6d110646839435ab96 24 Image: registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1 25 Image ID: docker-pullable://registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp@sha256:9eeca44ba2d410e54fccc54cbe9c021802aa8b9836a0bcf3d3229354e4c8870e 26 Port: <none> 27 Host Port: <none> 28 State: Running 29 Started: Sat, 13 Jun 2020 16:12:17 +0800 30 Ready: True 31 Restart Count: 0 32 Environment: <none> 33 Mounts: 34 /test-k8s/hostpath-dir from hostpath-dir-volume (rw) 35 /test/hostpath-file/test.conf from hostpath-file-volume (rw) 36 /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-v48g4 (ro) 37 Conditions: 38 Type Status 39 Initialized True 40 Ready True 41 ContainersReady True 42 PodScheduled True 43 Volumes: 44 hostpath-dir-volume: 45 Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume) 46 Path: /k8s/hostpath-dir 47 HostPathType: DirectoryOrCreate 48 hostpath-file-volume: 49 Type: HostPath (bare host directory volume) 50 Path: /k8s2/hostpath-file/test.conf 51 HostPathType: FileOrCreate 52 default-token-v48g4: 53 Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret) 54 SecretName: default-token-v48g4 55 Optional: false 56 QoS Class: BestEffort 57 Node-Selectors: <none> 58 Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute for 300s 59 node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute for 300s 60 Events: 61 Type Reason Age From Message 62 ---- ------ ---- ---- ------- 63 Normal Scheduled <unknown> default-scheduler Successfully assigned default/pod-hostpath to k8s-node01 64 Normal Pulled 12m kubelet, k8s-node01 Container image "registry.cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/google_registry/myapp:v1" already present on machine 65 Normal Created 12m kubelet, k8s-node01 Created container myapp-pod 66 Normal Started 12m kubelet, k8s-node01 Started container myapp-pod
根据pod,在k8s-node01节点宿主机操作【因为Pod分配到了该节点】
1 # 对挂载的目录操作 2 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-dir]# pwd 3 /k8s/hostpath-dir 4 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-dir]# echo "dir" >> info 5 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-dir]# date >> info 6 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-dir]# cat info 7 dir 8 Sat Jun 13 16:22:37 CST 2020 9 # 对挂载的文件操作 10 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-file]# pwd 11 /k8s2/hostpath-file 12 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-file]# echo "file" >> test.conf 13 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-file]# date >> test.conf 14 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-file]# 15 [root@k8s-node01 hostpath-file]# cat test.conf 16 file 17 Sat Jun 13 16:23:05 CST 2020
在Pod 容器中操作
1 # 进入pod 中的指定容器【如果只有一个容器,那么可以不指定容器】 2 [root@k8s-master hostpath]# kubectl exec -it pod-hostpath -c myapp-pod -- /bin/sh 3 ##### 对挂载的目录操作 4 / # cd /test-k8s/hostpath-dir 5 /test-k8s/hostpath-dir # ls -l 6 total 4 7 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 33 Jun 13 08:22 info 8 /test-k8s/hostpath-dir # cat info 9 dir 10 Sat Jun 13 16:22:37 CST 2020 11 /test-k8s/hostpath-dir # 12 /test-k8s/hostpath-dir # date >> info 13 /test-k8s/hostpath-dir # cat info 14 dir 15 Sat Jun 13 16:22:37 CST 2020 16 Sat Jun 13 08:26:10 UTC 2020 17 ##### 对挂载的文件操作 18 # cd /test/hostpath-file/ 19 /test/hostpath-file # cat test.conf 20 file 21 Sat Jun 13 16:23:05 CST 2020 22 /test/hostpath-file # echo "file====" >> test.conf 23 /test/hostpath-file # cat test.conf 24 file 25 Sat Jun 13 16:23:05 CST 2020 26 file====
2、Kubernetes K8S之存储ConfigMap详解
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标签:efi 调度 logs 文件权限 它的 comm let dev 系统
原文地址:https://www.cnblogs.com/zhanglianghhh/p/13844062.html