标签：指定 dom help tab replica proxy 相关 套接字 column
1.开发人员修改mysql操作，直接和数据库通信，实现简单快捷的读写分离和负载均衡，但是权则限独立分配。
2.amoeba，直接实现读写分离和负载均衡，不用修改代码，有很灵活的数据解决方案，自己分配账户，和后端数据库权限管理独立，权限处理不够灵活。
3.mysql-proxy，直接实现读写分离和负载均衡，不用修改代码，master和slave用一样的帐号，效率低
4.mycat中间件
5.proxysql中间件
ProxySQL 是一款可以实际用于生产环境的 MySQL 中间件，它有官方版和 percona 版两种。percona版是在官方版的基础上修改的，添加了几个比较实用的工具。生产环境建议用官方版。
ProxySQL 是用 C++ 语言开发的，能满足中间件所需的绝大多数功能功能：
1.最基本的读/写分离
2.可定制基于用户、基于schema、基于语句的规则对SQL语句进行路由。换句话说，规则很灵活。基于schema和与语句级的规则，可以实现简单的sharding(分库分表)
3.可缓存查询结果。虽然ProxySQL的缓存策略比较简陋，但实现了基本的缓存功能，绝大多数时候也够用了。
4.监控后端节点。ProxySQL可以监控后端节点的多个指标，包括：ProxySQL和后端的心跳信息，后端节点的read-only/read-write，slave和master的数据同步延迟性(replication lag).
[root@vm3 ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/proxysql.repo
[proxysql_repo]
name=ProxySQL
baseurl=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/proxysql-1.4.x/centos/7
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://repo.proxysql.com/ProxySQL/repo_pub_key
[root@vm3 ~]# yum clean all
[root@vm3 ~]# yum makecache
CentOS-8 - AppStream 1.5 MB/s | 6.3 MB 00:04
CentOS-8 - Base 1.0 MB/s | 2.3 MB 00:02
CentOS-8 - Extras 5.6 kB/s | 8.6 kB 00:01
ProxySQL 2.8 kB/s | 4.4 kB 00:01
Last metadata expiration chec
[root@vm3 ~]# yum -y install proxysql mariadb
[root@vm3 ~]# systemctl start proxysql
[root@vm3 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6032 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
默认端口为6032。该端口用于查看、配置ProxySQL,该接口使用MySQL协议所以，可以直接使用mysql客户端、navicat等工具去连接这个管理接口，其默认的用户名和密码均为 admin。
[root@vm3 ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h127.0.0.1 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3 | stats | |
| 4 | monitor | |
| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]>
ProxySQL 的配置全部保存在几个自带的库中,所以通过管理接口，ProxySQL会解析某些对ProxySQL有效的特定命令，并将其合理转换后发送给内嵌的SQLite3 数据库引擎去运行,从而可以非常方便地修改 ProxySQL 的配置。
ProxySQL 的配置几乎都是通过管理接口来操作的，通过 Admin 管理接口，可以在线修改几乎所有的配置并使其生效。只有两个变量的配置是必须重启 ProxySQL 才能生效的，它们是：
mysql-threads 和 mysql-stacksize
该变量控制的是admin管理接口的管理员账户。默认的管理员账户和密码为admin:admin，但是这个默认的用户只能在本地使用。若需要远程连接则必须自定义一个管理员用户。
##查看当前管理员账户信息
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-admin_credentials;
+---------------------------+
| @@admin-admin_credentials |
+---------------------------+
| admin:admin |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.003 sec)
##设置新的管理员账户
MySQL [(none)]> set admin-admin_credentials=‘admin:admin;wisan:wisan‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-admin_credentials;
+---------------------------+
| @@admin-admin_credentials |
+---------------------------+
| admin:admin;wisan:wisan |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.003 sec)
##加载生效
MySQL [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
##保存到磁盘，否则重启账户消失
MySQL [(none)]> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.006 sec)
[root@vm5 ~]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -h192.168.225.130 -P6032
ERROR 2002 (HY000): Can‘t connect to MySQL server on ‘192.168.225.130‘ (115)
[root@vm5 ~]# mysql -uwisan -pwisan -h192.168.225.130 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]>
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | disk | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql.db |
| 3 | stats | |
| 4 | monitor | |
| 5 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
5 rows in set (0.002 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> use main;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MySQL [main]> show tables;
+--------------------------------------------+
| tables |
+--------------------------------------------+
| global_variables |
| mysql_collations |
| mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_query_rules |
| mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| mysql_servers |
| mysql_users |
| proxysql_servers |
| runtime_checksums_values |
| runtime_global_variables |
| runtime_mysql_group_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules |
| runtime_mysql_query_rules_fast_routing |
| runtime_mysql_replication_hostgroups |
| runtime_mysql_servers |
| runtime_mysql_users |
| runtime_proxysql_servers |
| runtime_scheduler |
| scheduler |
+--------------------------------------------+
20 rows in set (0.002 sec)
admin管理接口的用户是连接到管理接口(默认端口6032)上用来管理、配置ProxySQL的
mysql_users表中的用户名是应用程序连接ProxySQL(默认端口6033)，以及ProxySQL连接后端MySQL Servers使用的用户。它的作用是发送、路由SQL语句，类似于MySQL Server的3306端口。所以，这个表中的用户必须已经在后端MySQL Server上存在且授权了
admin管理接口的用户必须不能存在于mysql_users中，这是出于安全的考虑，防止通过admin管理接口用户猜出mysql_users中的用户
该变量控制admin管理接口的普通用户，这个变量中的用户没只能查看monitor库和main库中关于统计的数据，其它库都是不可见的，且没有任何写权限
默认的普通用户名和密码均为stats，与admin一样，它默认也只能用于本地登录，若想让人远程查看则要添加查看的专有用户。同样，这个变量中的用户必须不能存在于mysql_users表中
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-stats_credentials;
+---------------------------+
| @@admin-stats_credentials |
+---------------------------+
| stats:stats |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.003 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> set admin-stats_credentials=‘stats:stats;mystats:mystats‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-stats_credentials;
+---------------------------+
| @@admin-stats_credentials |
+---------------------------+
| stats:stats;mystats:mystats |
+---------------------------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.005 sec)
MySQL [(none)]>
[root@vm5 ~]# mysql -umystats -pmystats -h192.168.225.130 -P6032
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 7
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]> show databases;
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| seq | name | file |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
| 0 | main | |
| 2 | monitor | |
| 3 | stats_history | /var/lib/proxysql/proxysql_stats.db |
+-----+---------------+-------------------------------------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> show tables from main;
+--------------------------------------+
| tables |
+--------------------------------------+
| global_variables |
| stats_memory_metrics |
| stats_mysql_commands_counters |
| stats_mysql_connection_pool |
| stats_mysql_connection_pool_reset |
| stats_mysql_global |
| stats_mysql_prepared_statements_info |
| stats_mysql_processlist |
| stats_mysql_query_digest |
| stats_mysql_query_digest_reset |
| stats_mysql_query_rules |
| stats_mysql_users |
| stats_proxysql_servers_checksums |
| stats_proxysql_servers_metrics |
| stats_proxysql_servers_status |
+--------------------------------------+
15 rows in set (0.002 sec)
MySQL [(none)]>
admin-mysql_ifaces变量指定admin接口的监听地址，格式为冒号分隔的hostname:port列表。默认监听在 0.0.0.0:6032
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-mysql_ifaces;
+----------------------+
| @@admin-mysql_ifaces |
+----------------------+
| 0.0.0.0:6032 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> set admin-mysql_ifaces=‘0.0.0.0:6666‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-mysql_ifaces;
+----------------------+
| @@admin-mysql_ifaces |
+----------------------+
| 0.0.0.0:6666 |
+----------------------+
1 row in set (0.002 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.029 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> quit
[root@vm3 ~]# ss -antl
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6666 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:6033 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:*
LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
[root@vm3 ~]#
同时还允许使用UNIX的domain socket进行监听，这样本主机内的应用程序就可以直接被处理。
MySQL [(none)]> set admin-mysql_ifaces=‘0.0.0.0:6666;/tmp/proxysql_admin.sock‘;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> load admin variables to runtime;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.001 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> save admin variables to disk;
Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.006 sec)
MySQL [(none)]> select @@admin-mysql_ifaces;
+---------------------------------------+
| @@admin-mysql_ifaces |
+---------------------------------------+
| 0.0.0.0:6666;/tmp/proxysql_admin.sock |
+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.003 sec)
[root@vm3 ~]# cd /tmp/
[root@vm3 tmp]# ls
proxysql_admin.sock
[root@vm3 tmp]# ll
total 0
srwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 0 Dec 28 20:57 proxysql_admin.sock
##套接字登录
[root@vm3 tmp]# mysql -uadmin -padmin -S proxysql_admin.sock
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 9
Server version: 5.5.30 (ProxySQL Admin Module)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.
MySQL [(none)]>
标签：指定 dom help tab replica proxy 相关 套接字 column
原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/fyjpeng/p/14203617.html
