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mysql备份工具mysqldump

基本备份与恢复

准备工作

[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install mariadb*
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable --now mariadb
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysql.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/mysqld.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.
[root@localhost ~]# ss -antl
State       Recv-Q      Send-Q           Local Address:Port           Peer Address:Port     
LISTEN      0           128                    0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*        
LISTEN      0           80                     0.0.0.0:3306                0.0.0.0:*        
LISTEN      0           128                       [::]:22                     [::]:*        
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 8
Server version: 10.3.17-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> use school;
Database changed

MariaDB [school]> create table student(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(50),age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.004 sec)

MariaDB [school]> insert student(name,age) values(‘tom‘,20),(‘jerry‘,23),(‘zhangshan‘,20);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.001 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [school]> create table student1(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(50),age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec)

MariaDB [school]> create table student2(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(50),age tinyint);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.005 sec)

MariaDB [school]> insert student1(name,age) values(‘hehe‘,20),(‘jerry‘,23),(‘zhangshan‘,20),(‘lisi‘,24);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.001 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0


MariaDB [school]> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student          |
| student1         |
| student2         |
+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [school]> select * from student;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | tom       |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | zhangshan |   20 |
+----+-----------+------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [school]> select * from student1;
+----+-----------+------+
| id | name      | age  |
+----+-----------+------+
|  1 | hehe      |   20 |
|  2 | jerry     |   23 |
|  3 | zhangshan |   20 |
|  4 | lisi      |   24 |
+----+-----------+------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [school]> select * from student2;
Empty set (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [school]> quit
Bye

备份

//备份school库中的student表
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot school student > table_student.sql

//备份school库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot school > table_school.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ls
anaconda-ks.cfg  table_school.sql  table_student.sql

//备份所有数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot --all-databases > all.sql
[root@localhost ~]# du -sh *
472K	all.sql
4.0K	anaconda-ks.cfg
4.0K	table_school.sql
4.0K	table_student.sql

[root@localhost ~]# mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 12
Server version: 10.3.17-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.

Type ‘help;‘ or ‘\h‘ for help. Type ‘\c‘ to clear the current input statement.

MariaDB [(none)]> create database infomation;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> use infomation;
Database changed
MariaDB [infomation]> create table info(id int not null primary key auto_increment,name varchar(50),salary float);
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.003 sec)

MariaDB [infomation]> insert info(name,salary) values(‘tom‘,8000),(‘jerry‘,9000),(‘zhangshan‘,7000),(‘lisi‘,10000);
Query OK, 4 rows affected (0.002 sec)
Records: 4  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [infomation]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| infomation         |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [infomation]> quit
Bye

//备份school库中的infomation表
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot --databases school infomation > databases.sql

恢复

#恢复方法一：
//模拟误删school数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> drop database school;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.007 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| infomation         |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;
MariaDB [(none)]> use school;
Database changed
MariaDB [school]> show tables;
Empty set (0.000 sec)

//恢复school库
MariaDB [school]> source table_school.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.000 sec)
······

MariaDB [school]> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student          |
| student1         |
| student2         |
+------------------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)

#恢复方法二：
//模拟误删school数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> drop database school;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.007 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| infomation         |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [school]> drop database school;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.008 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> create database school;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot school < table_school.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -e ‘show tables from school;‘
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student          |
| student1         |
| student2         |
+------------------+

//备份所有数据库
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot --all-databases > all.sql

//模拟误删school、infomation、performance_schema、mysql数据库
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| infomation         |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> drop database school;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.006 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> drop database infomation;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.003 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> drop database performance_schema;
Query OK, 52 rows affected (0.002 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> drop database mysql;
Query OK, 31 rows affected (0.009 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
+--------------------+
1 row in set (0.000 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> quit
Bye
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot < all.sql
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -e ‘show databases;‘
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| infomation         |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| school             |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.000 sec)

差异备份与恢复

mysql差异备份

开启MySQL服务器的二进制日志功能

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id = 10         
log-bin = mysql_bin

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart mariadb

对数据库进行完全备份

[root@localhost ~]# rm -rf *.sql

//完全备份
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot --single-transaction --flush-logs --master-data=2 --all-databases --delete-master-logs > all-20201229.sql
[root@localhost ~]# ls
all-20201229.sql  anaconda-ks.cfg

//增加新内容
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> use school;
Database changed
MariaDB [school]> desc student2;
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| Field | Type        | Null | Key | Default | Extra          |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
| id    | int(11)     | NO   | PRI | NULL    | auto_increment |
| name  | varchar(50) | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
| age   | tinyint(4)  | YES  |     | NULL    |                |
+-------+-------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+
3 rows in set (0.001 sec)

MariaDB [school]> insert student2(name,age) values(‘tom‘,20),(‘jerry‘,23),(‘lisi‘,27);
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.002 sec)
Records: 3  Duplicates: 0  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [school]> update student2 set age = 127 where id = 3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.001 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

MariaDB [school]> select * from student2;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | tom   |   20 |
|  2 | jerry |   23 |
|  3 | lisi  |  127 |
+----+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)

mysql差异备份恢复

模拟误删数据

MariaDB [school]> drop database school;
Query OK, 3 rows affected (0.007 sec)

刷新创建新的二进制日志

[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 122920
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    16384 Dec 29 23:11 aria_log.00000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       52 Dec 29 23:11 aria_log_control
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql     1905 Dec 29 23:11 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Dec 29 23:21 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Dec 29 23:21 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Dec 29 22:15 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Dec 29 23:11 ibtmp1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql        0 Dec 29 22:15 multi-master.info
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Dec 29 23:02 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql     1298 Dec 29 23:21 mysql_bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       19 Dec 29 23:13 mysql_bin.index
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql        0 Dec 29 23:11 mysql.sock
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       16 Dec 29 22:15 mysql_upgrade_info
[root@localhost ~]# mysqladmin -uroot flush-logs
[root@localhost ~]# ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 122924
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql    16384 Dec 29 23:11 aria_log.00000001
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       52 Dec 29 23:11 aria_log_control
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql     1905 Dec 29 23:11 ib_buffer_pool
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Dec 29 23:21 ibdata1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Dec 29 23:21 ib_logfile0
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 50331648 Dec 29 22:15 ib_logfile1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql 12582912 Dec 29 23:11 ibtmp1
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql        0 Dec 29 22:15 multi-master.info
drwx------. 2 mysql mysql     4096 Dec 29 23:02 mysql
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql     1345 Dec 29 23:25 mysql_bin.000002
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql      385 Dec 29 23:25 mysql_bin.000003
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       38 Dec 29 23:25 mysql_bin.index
srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql        0 Dec 29 23:11 mysql.sock
-rw-rw----. 1 mysql mysql       16 Dec 29 22:15 mysql_upgrade_info

恢复完全备份

[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot < all-20201229.sql 
[root@localhost ~]# mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> use school;
Database changed
MariaDB [school]> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_school |
+------------------+
| student          |
| student1         |
| student2         |
+------------------+
MariaDB [school]> select * from student2;
Empty set (0.001 sec)

检查误删数据库的位置在什么地方

MariaDB [(none)]> show binlog events in ‘mysql_bin.000002‘\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 4
 Event_type: Format_desc
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 256
       Info: Server ver: 10.3.17-MariaDB-log, Binlog ver: 4
*************************** 2. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 256
 Event_type: Gtid_list
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 285
       Info: []
*************************** 3. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 285
 Event_type: Binlog_checkpoint
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 328
       Info: mysql_bin.000001
*************************** 4. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 328
 Event_type: Binlog_checkpoint
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 371
       Info: mysql_bin.000002
*************************** 5. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 371
 Event_type: Gtid
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 413
       Info: BEGIN GTID 0-10-1
*************************** 6. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 413
 Event_type: Annotate_rows
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 503
       Info: insert student2(name,age) values(‘tom‘,20),(‘jerry‘,23),(‘lisi‘,
*************************** 7. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 503
 Event_type: Table_map
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 560
       Info: table_id: 52 (school.student2)
*************************** 8. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 560
 Event_type: Write_rows_v1
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 626
       Info: table_id: 52 flags: STMT_END_F
*************************** 9. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 626
 Event_type: Xid
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 657
       Info: COMMIT /* xid=461 */
*************************** 10. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 657
 Event_type: Gtid
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 699
       Info: BEGIN GTID 0-10-2
*************************** 11. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 699
 Event_type: Annotate_rows
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 763
       Info: update student set age = 127 where id = 3
*************************** 12. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 763
 Event_type: Table_map
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 819
       Info: table_id: 50 (school.student)
*************************** 13. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 819
 Event_type: Update_rows_v1
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 885
       Info: table_id: 50 flags: STMT_END_F
*************************** 14. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 885
 Event_type: Xid
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 916
       Info: COMMIT /* xid=463 */
*************************** 15. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 916
 Event_type: Gtid
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 958
       Info: BEGIN GTID 0-10-3
*************************** 16. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 958
 Event_type: Annotate_rows
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 1023
       Info: update student2 set age = 127 where id = 3
*************************** 17. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 1023
 Event_type: Table_map
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 1080
       Info: table_id: 52 (school.student2)
*************************** 18. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 1080
 Event_type: Update_rows_v1
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 1136
       Info: table_id: 52 flags: STMT_END_F
*************************** 19. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 1136
 Event_type: Xid
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 1167
       Info: COMMIT /* xid=465 */
*************************** 20. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 1167
 Event_type: Gtid
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 1209
       Info: GTID 0-10-4
*************************** 21. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 1209
 Event_type: Query
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 1298
       Info: drop database school
*************************** 22. row ***************************
   Log_name: mysql_bin.000002
        Pos: 1298
 Event_type: Rotate
  Server_id: 10
End_log_pos: 1345
       Info: mysql_bin.000003;pos=4
22 rows in set (0.000 sec)

使用mysqlbinlog恢复差异备份

MariaDB [(none)]> use school;
Database changed
MariaDB [school]> select * from student2;
+----+-------+------+
| id | name  | age  |
+----+-------+------+
|  1 | tom   |   20 |
|  2 | jerry |   23 |
|  3 | lisi  |   27 |
+----+-------+------+
3 rows in set (0.000 sec)

mysql备份工具mysqldump

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原文地址：https://www.cnblogs.com/yuqinghao/p/14211064.html