标签:android 数据库操作 sqlite 增删改查 基础知识
在编程中经常会遇到数据库的操作,而Android系统内置了SQLite,它是一款轻型数据库,遵守事务ACID的关系型数据库管理系统,它占用的资源非常低,能够支持Windows/Linux/Unix等主流操作系统,同时能够跟很多程序语言如C#、PHP、Java等相结合.下面先回顾SQL的基本语句,再讲述Android的基本操作.
首先,我感觉自己整个大学印象最深的几门课就包括《数据库》,所以想先回顾SQL增删改查的基本语句.而在Android SDK中adb是自带的调试工具,它存放在sdk的platform-tools目录下,通过adb shell可以进入设备控制台,操作SQL语句.
G: cd G:\software\Program software\Android\adt-bundle-windows-x86_64-20140321\sdk\platform-tools adb shell cd /data/data/com.example.sqliteaction/databases/ sqlite3 StuDatabase.db .table .schema如下所示我先创建了SQLiteAction工程,同时在工程中创建了StuDatabase.db数据库.输入adb shell进入设备控制台,调用"sqlite3+数据库名"打开数据库,如果没有db文件则创建.
--创建Teacher表 create table Teacher (id integer primary key, name text); --向表中插入数据 insert into Teacher (id,name) values('10001', 'Mr Wang'); insert into Teacher (id,name) values('10002', 'Mr Yang'); --查询数据 select * from Teacher; --更新数据 update Teacher set name='Yang XZ' where id=10002; --删除数据 delete from Teacher where id=10001;
下面讲解使用SQLite操作数据库:
1.创建打开数据库
使用openOrCreateDatabase函数实现,它会自动检测是否存在该数据库,如果存在则打开,否则创建一个数据库,并返回一个SQLiteDatabase对象.
2.创建表
通过定义建表的SQL语句,再调用execSQL方法执行该SQL语句实现建立表.
//创建学生表(学号,姓名,电话,身高) 主键学号 public static final String createTableStu = "create table Student (" + "id integer primary key, " + "name text, " + "tel text, " + "height real)"; //SQLiteDatabase定义db变量 db.execSQL(createTableStu);3.插入数据
//方法一 SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("id", "10001"); values.put("name", "Eastmount"); values.put("tel", "15201610000"); values.put("height", "172.5"); db.insert("Student", null, values); //方法二 public static final String insertData = "insert into Student (" + "id, name, tel, height) values('10002','XiaoMing','110','175')"; db.execSQL(insertData);4.删除数据
//方法一 删除身高>175cm SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase(); db.delete("Student", "height > ?", new String[] {"175"}); //方法二 String deleteData = "DELETE FROM Student WHERE height>175"; db.execSQL(deleteData);5.更新数据
//小明的身高修改为180 SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("height", "180"); db.update("Student", values, "name = ?", new String[] {"XiaoMing"});6.其他操作
下面是关于数据库的其他操作,其中包括使用SQL语句执行,而查询数据Query方法由于涉及ListView显示,请见具体实例.
//关闭数据库 SQLiteDatabase.close(); //删除表 执行SQL语句 SQLiteDatabase.execSQL("DROP TABLE Student"); //删除数据库 this.deleteDatabase("StuDatabase.db"); //查询数据 SQLiteDatabase.query();
显示效果如下图所示:
首先,添加activity_main.xml文件布局如下:
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:id="@+id/container" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context="com.example.touchimagetest.MainActivity" tools:ignore="MergeRootFrame" > <!-- 顶部 --> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/MyLayout_top" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="40dp" android:layout_alignParentTop="true" > <!-- 标题 --> <LinearLayout android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:gravity="center" > <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:text="学号" /> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:text="姓名" /> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:text="电话" /> <TextView android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:text="身高" /> </LinearLayout> </RelativeLayout> <!-- 底部按钮 --> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/MyLayout_bottom" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="90dp" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" android:gravity="center"> <LinearLayout android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_alignParentBottom="true" > <LinearLayout android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="40dp" android:gravity="center" > <EditText android:id="@+id/edit_id" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:hint="学号" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/edit_name" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:hint="姓名" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/edit_tel" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:hint="电话" /> <EditText android:id="@+id/edit_height" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:gravity="center" android:textSize="20sp" android:hint="身高" /> </LinearLayout> <LinearLayout android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:orientation="horizontal" > <Button android:id="@+id/button1" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="创表" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button2" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="插入" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button3" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="删除" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button4" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="更新" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button5" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="查询" /> </LinearLayout> </LinearLayout> </RelativeLayout> <!-- 显示列表 --> <RelativeLayout android:id="@+id/Content_Layout" android:orientation="horizontal" android:layout_width="fill_parent" android:layout_height="fill_parent" android:layout_above="@id/MyLayout_bottom" android:layout_below="@id/MyLayout_top" android:background="#EFDFDF" > <!-- 显示表内容 --> <ListView android:id="@+id/listview1" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:gravity="center" > </ListView> </RelativeLayout> </RelativeLayout>然后是在res/layout中添加ListView显示的stu_item.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:orientation="horizontal" > <TextView android:id="@+id/stu_id" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="20sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/stu_name" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="20sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/stu_tel" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="20sp" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/stu_height" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" android:textSize="20sp" /> </LinearLayout>
再次,添加自定义类MySQLiteOpenHelper:
//添加自定义类 继承SQLiteOpenHelper public class MySQLiteOpenHelper extends SQLiteOpenHelper { public Context mContext; //创建学生表(学号,姓名,电话,身高) 主键学号 public static final String createTableStu = "create table Student (" + "id integer primary key, " + "name text, " + "tel text, " + "height real)"; //抽象类 必须定义显示的构造函数 重写方法 public MySQLiteOpenHelper(Context context, String name, CursorFactory factory, int version) { super(context, name, factory, version); mContext = context; } @Override public void onCreate(SQLiteDatabase arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub arg0.execSQL(createTableStu); Toast.makeText(mContext, "Created", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onUpgrade(SQLiteDatabase arg0, int arg1, int arg2) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub arg0.execSQL("drop table if exists Student"); onCreate(arg0); Toast.makeText(mContext, "Upgraged", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }最后是MainActivity.java文件,代码如下:
public class MainActivity extends Activity { //继承SQLiteOpenHelper类 private MySQLiteOpenHelper sqlHelper; private ListView listview; private EditText edit1; private EditText edit2; private EditText edit3; private EditText edit4; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); sqlHelper = new MySQLiteOpenHelper(this, "StuDatabase.db", null, 2); //建立新表 Button createBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1); createBn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase(); } }); //插入数据 Button insertBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button2); edit1 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_id); edit2 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_name); edit3 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_tel); edit4 = (EditText) findViewById(R.id.edit_height); insertBn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); /* //插入第一组数据 values.put("id", "10001"); values.put("name", "Eastmount"); values.put("tel", "15201610000"); values.put("height", "172.5"); db.insert("Student", null, values); */ values.put("id", edit1.getText().toString()); values.put("name", edit2.getText().toString()); values.put("tel", edit3.getText().toString()); values.put("height", edit4.getText().toString()); db.insert("Student", null, values); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "数据插入成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); edit1.setText(""); edit2.setText(""); edit3.setText(""); edit4.setText(""); } }); //删除数据 Button deleteBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button3); deleteBn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase(); db.delete("Student", "height > ?", new String[] {"180"}); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "删除数据", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); //更新数据 Button updateBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button4); updateBn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase(); ContentValues values = new ContentValues(); values.put("height", "180"); db.update("Student", values, "name = ?", new String[] {"XiaoMing"}); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "更新数据", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); //查询数据 listview = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview1); Button selectBn = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button5); selectBn.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { try { SQLiteDatabase db = sqlHelper.getWritableDatabase(); //游标查询每条数据 Cursor cursor = db.query("Student", null, null, null, null, null, null); //定义list存储数据 List<Map<String, Object>> list = new ArrayList<Map<String, Object>>(); //适配器SimpleAdapter数据绑定 //错误:构造函数SimpleAdapter未定义 需把this修改为MainActivity.this SimpleAdapter adapter = new SimpleAdapter(MainActivity.this, list, R.layout.stu_item, new String[]{"id", "name", "tel", "height"}, new int[]{R.id.stu_id, R.id.stu_name, R.id.stu_tel, R.id.stu_height}); //读取数据 游标移动到下一行 while(cursor.moveToNext()) { Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>(); map.put( "id", cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("id")) ); map.put( "name", cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("name")) ); map.put( "tel", cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("tel")) ); map.put( "height", cursor.getString(cursor.getColumnIndex("height")) ); list.add(map); } listview.setAdapter(adapter); } catch (Exception e){ Log.i("exception", e.toString()); } } }); } }PS:希望文章对大家有所帮助,文章是关于SQLite的基础操作,而且没有涉及到数据库的触发器、存储过程、事务、索引等知识,网上也有很多相关的资料.同时现在有门课程《数据库高级技术与开发》,故作者当个在线笔记及基础讲解吧!这篇文章有一些不足之处,但作为基础文章还是不错的.
标签:android 数据库操作 sqlite 增删改查 基础知识
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/eastmount/article/details/41122745