1、NameError：尝试访问一个未申明的变量

>>>  v
NameError: name ‘v‘ is not defined

2、ZeroDivisionError：除数为0
>>> v = 1/0
ZeroDivisionError: int division or modulo by zero

3、SyntaxError：语法错误
>>> int int
SyntaxError: invalid syntax (<pyshell#14>, line 1)

4、IndexError：索引超出范围
>>> List = [2]
>>> List[3]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#18>", line 1, in <module>
    List[3]
IndexError: list index out of range

5、KeyError：字典关键字不存在
>>> Dic = {‘1‘:‘yes‘, ‘2‘:‘no‘}
>>> Dic[‘3‘]
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#20>", line 1, in <module>
    Dic[‘3‘]
KeyError: ‘3‘

6、IOError：输入输出错误
>>> f = open(‘abc‘)
IOError: [Errno 2] No such file or directory: ‘abc‘

7、AttributeError：访问未知对象属性
>>> class Worker:
 def Work():
  print("I am working")
>>> w = Worker()
>>> w.a
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#51>", line 1, in <module>
    w.a
AttributeError: ‘Worker‘ object has no attribute ‘a‘

8、ValueError：数值错误
>>> int(‘d‘)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#54>", line 1, in <module>
    int(‘d‘)
ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 10: ‘d‘

9、TypeError：类型错误
>>> iStr = ‘22‘
>>> iVal = 22
>>> obj = iStr + iVal;
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#68>", line 1, in <module>
    obj = iStr + iVal;
TypeError: Can‘t convert ‘int‘ object to str implicitly

10、AssertionError：断言错误
>>> assert 1 != 1
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<pyshell#70>", line 1, in <module>
    assert 1 != 1
AssertionError

>>> while True:
...     try:
...         x = int(raw_input("Please enter a number: "))
...         break
...     except ValueError:
...         print "Oops!  That was no valid number.  Try again..."
...

... except (RuntimeError, TypeError, NameError):
...     pass

import sys
try:
    f = open(‘myfile.txt‘)
    s = f.readline()
    i = int(s.strip())

except IOError as e:
    print "I/O error({0}): {1}".format(e.errno, e.strerror)

except ValueError:
    print "Could not convert data to an integer."

except:
    print "Unexpected error:", sys.exc_info()[0]

    raise

for arg in sys.argv[1:]:
    try:
        f = open(arg, ‘r‘)
    except IOError:
        print ‘cannot open‘, arg
    else:
        print arg, ‘has‘, len(f.readlines()), ‘lines‘
        f.close()

try:
A
except MyException: B
else: C
finally: D   #无论如何都执行

>>> def divide(x, y):
...     try:
...         result = x / y
...     except ZeroDivisionError:
...         print "division by zero!"
...     else:
...         print "result is", result
...     finally:
...         print "executing finally clause"
...

>>> divide(2, 1)
result is 2
executing finally clause

>>> divide(2, 0)
division by zero!
executing finally clause

>>> divide("2", "1")
executing finally clause

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in divide

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: ‘str‘ and ‘str‘

ccfile = None

try:
    try:
        ccfile = open(‘carddata.txt‘, ‘r‘)
        txns = ccfile.readlines()

finally:
    if ccfile:
    ccfile.close()

except IOError:
    log.write(‘no txns this month\n‘)

try:
    :
except Exception, e:
# error occurred, log ‘e‘, etc

# single exception
except Exception[, reason]:
suite_for_Exception_with_Argument

# multiple exceptions
except (Exception1, Exception2, ..., ExceptionN)[, reason]:
suite_for_Exception1_to_ExceptionN_with_Argument

>>> while True:
         try:
                   x = int(raw_input(‘please enter a number:‘))
                   break
         except ValueError, e（or, except ValueError as e）:
                   print ‘ValueError‘

please enter a number:a
ValueError
please enter a number:5
>>> type(e)
<type ‘exceptions.ValueError‘>
>>> print e
invalid literal for int() with base 10: ‘a‘
>>> 

try:

    try_suite

    except Exception1:
        suite_for_Exception1

    except (Exception2, Exception3, Exception4):
        suite_for_Exceptions_2_3_and_4

    except Exception5, Argument5:
        suite_for_Exception5_plus_argument

    except (Exception6, Exception7), Argument67:
        suite_for_Exceptions6_and_7_plus_argument

except:
    suite_for_all_other_exceptions

else:
    no_exceptions_detected_suite

finally:
    always_execute_suite

>>> raise NameError(‘HiThere‘)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
NameError: HiThere

>>> try:
...     raise NameError(‘HiThere‘)
... except NameError:
...     print ‘An exception flew by!‘
...     raise
...

An exception flew by!

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 2, in ?
NameError: HiThere

>>> class MyError(Exception):
...     def __init__(self, value):
...         self.value = value
...     def __str__(self):
...         return repr(self.value)
...

>>> try:
...     raise MyError(2*2)
... except MyError as e:
...     print ‘My exception occurred, value:‘, e.value
...

My exception occurred, value: 4

>>> raise MyError(‘oops!‘)
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in ?
__main__.MyError: ‘oops!