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JAVA AIO 服务器与客户端实现示例

时间:2014-11-23 23:33:41      阅读:506      评论:0      收藏:0      [点我收藏+]

标签:aio

AIO用于文件处理还是比较快乐的,但用AIO来写网络消息处理服务器端与客户端是比较麻烦的事情,当然这只是我个人意见,主要是有几点原因:

一是AIO需要操作系统支持,还好Windows与Linux(模拟)都支持;

二是AIO同时使用递归调用和异步调用容易把程序员搞晕,代码容易出错;

三是CompletionHandler会使用单独的线程跑,容易出现多线程问题,频繁线程上下文切换比较消耗资源;

四是异步写要创建队列来缓存需要写入的数据,否则肯定会遇到WritePendingException。


相对来说,NIO比较清楚直白,容易控制。


另外,笔者使用多线程模拟多个客户场景失败,代码在run方法中调用AsynchronousSocketChannel.connect()没返回,没连接上服务器,不知道为何,请大侠指教,最后只好使用多个进程模拟多个客户端,写个类似下面代码的bat文件,同时运行多个。

java -classpath .\ com.stevex.app.aio.Client 1

java -classpath .\ com.stevex.app.aio.Client 1

pause


服务器代码:

package com.stevex.app.aio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.StandardSocketOptions;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousChannelGroup;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousServerSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
//import java.nio.channels.WritePendingException;
import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

public class XiaoNa {
	private final AsynchronousServerSocketChannel server;
	//写队列,因为当前一个异步写调用还没完成之前,调用异步写会抛WritePendingException
	//所以需要一个写队列来缓存要写入的数据,这是AIO比较坑的地方
    private final Queue<ByteBuffer> queue = new LinkedList<ByteBuffer>();
    private boolean writing = false;
	
	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException{
		XiaoNa xiaona = new XiaoNa();
		xiaona.listen();
	}

	public XiaoNa() throws IOException{
		//设置线程数为CPU核数
		AsynchronousChannelGroup channelGroup = AsynchronousChannelGroup.withFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(), Executors.defaultThreadFactory());
		server = AsynchronousServerSocketChannel.open(channelGroup);
		//重用端口
		server.setOption(StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEADDR, true);
		//绑定端口并设置连接请求队列长度
		server.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8383), 80);		
	}

	public void listen() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": run in listen method" );
		//开始接受第一个连接请求
		server.accept(null, new CompletionHandler<AsynchronousSocketChannel, Object>(){						
			@Override
			public void completed(AsynchronousSocketChannel channel,
					Object attachment) {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": run in accept completed method" );
				
				//先安排处理下一个连接请求,异步非阻塞调用,所以不用担心挂住了
				//这里传入this是个地雷,小心多线程
				server.accept(null, this);
				//处理连接读写
				handle(channel);
			}

			private void handle(final AsynchronousSocketChannel channel) {
				System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": run in handle method" );
				//每个AsynchronousSocketChannel,分配一个缓冲区
				final ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
				readBuffer.clear();
				channel.read(readBuffer, null, new CompletionHandler<Integer, Object>(){

					@Override
					public void completed(Integer count, Object attachment) {
						System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + ": run in read completed method" );	
						
						if(count > 0){
							try{
								readBuffer.flip();
								//CharBuffer charBuffer = CharsetHelper.decode(readBuffer); 
								CharBuffer charBuffer = Charset.forName("UTF-8").newDecoder().decode(readBuffer);
								String question = charBuffer.toString(); 
								String answer = Helper.getAnswer(question);
								/*//写入也是异步调用,也可以使用传入CompletionHandler对象的方式来处理写入结果
								//channel.write(CharsetHelper.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(answer)));								
								try{
									channel.write(Charset.forName("UTF-8").newEncoder().encode(CharBuffer.wrap(answer)));
								}
								//Unchecked exception thrown when an attempt is made to write to an asynchronous socket channel and a previous write has not completed.
								//看来操作系统也不可靠
								catch(WritePendingException wpe){
									//休息一秒再重试,如果失败就不管了
									Helper.sleep(1);
									channel.write(Charset.forName("UTF-8").newEncoder().encode(CharBuffer.wrap(answer)));
								}*/
								writeStringMessage(channel, answer);
								
								readBuffer.clear();
							}
							catch(IOException e){
								e.printStackTrace();
							}
						}
						else{
							try {
								//如果客户端关闭socket,那么服务器也需要关闭,否则浪费CPU
								channel.close();
							} catch (IOException e) {
								e.printStackTrace();
							}
						}
						
						//异步调用OS处理下个读取请求
						//这里传入this是个地雷,小心多线程
						channel.read(readBuffer, null, this);
					}

					/**
					 * 服务器读失败处理
					 * @param exc
					 * @param attachment
					 */
					@Override
					public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) {
						System.out.println("server read failed: " + exc);			
						if(channel != null){
							try {
								channel.close();
							} catch (IOException e) {
								e.printStackTrace();
							}
						}
					}
					
				});								
			}

			/**
			 * 服务器接受连接失败处理
			 * @param exc
			 * @param attachment
			 */
			@Override
			public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) {
				System.out.println("server accept failed: " + exc);
			}
			
		});
	}
	
	/**
     * Enqueues a write of the buffer to the channel.
     * The call is asynchronous so the buffer is not safe to modify after
     * passing the buffer here.
     *
     * @param buffer the buffer to send to the channel
     */
    private void writeMessage(final AsynchronousSocketChannel channel, final ByteBuffer buffer) {
        boolean threadShouldWrite = false;

        synchronized(queue) {
            queue.add(buffer);
            // Currently no thread writing, make this thread dispatch a write
            if (!writing) {
                writing = true;
                threadShouldWrite = true;
            }
        }

        if (threadShouldWrite) {
            writeFromQueue(channel);
        }
    }

    private void writeFromQueue(final AsynchronousSocketChannel channel) {
        ByteBuffer buffer;

        synchronized (queue) {
            buffer = queue.poll();
            if (buffer == null) {
                writing = false;
            }
        }

        // No new data in buffer to write
        if (writing) {
            writeBuffer(channel, buffer);
        }
    }

    private void writeBuffer(final AsynchronousSocketChannel channel, ByteBuffer buffer) {
        channel.write(buffer, buffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
            @Override
            public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                if (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                    channel.write(buffer, buffer, this);
                } else {
                    // Go back and check if there is new data to write
                    writeFromQueue(channel);
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
            	System.out.println("server write failed: " + exc);
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Sends a message
     * @param string the message
     * @throws CharacterCodingException 
     */
    private void writeStringMessage(final AsynchronousSocketChannel channel, String msg) throws CharacterCodingException {
    	writeMessage(channel, Charset.forName("UTF-8").newEncoder().encode(CharBuffer.wrap(msg)));
    }
}


客户端代码:

package com.stevex.app.aio;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetSocketAddress;
import java.net.StandardSocketOptions;
import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousChannelGroup;
import java.nio.channels.AsynchronousSocketChannel;
import java.nio.channels.CompletionHandler;
import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.Queue;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

import com.stevex.app.nio.CharsetHelper;

public class Client implements Runnable{
	private AsynchronousSocketChannel channel;
	private Helper helper;
	private CountDownLatch latch;
    private final Queue<ByteBuffer> queue = new LinkedList<ByteBuffer>();
    private boolean writing = false;
	
	public Client(AsynchronousChannelGroup channelGroup, CountDownLatch latch) throws IOException, InterruptedException{
		this.latch = latch;
		helper = new Helper();
		initChannel(channelGroup);
	}

	private void initChannel(AsynchronousChannelGroup channelGroup) throws IOException {
		//在默认channel group下创建一个socket channel
		channel = AsynchronousSocketChannel.open(channelGroup);
		//设置Socket选项
		channel.setOption(StandardSocketOptions.TCP_NODELAY, true);
		channel.setOption(StandardSocketOptions.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
		channel.setOption(StandardSocketOptions.SO_REUSEADDR, true);
	}

	public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
		int sleepTime = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
		Helper.sleep(sleepTime);
		
		AsynchronousChannelGroup channelGroup = AsynchronousChannelGroup.withFixedThreadPool(Runtime.getRuntime().availableProcessors(), Executors.defaultThreadFactory());
		//只能跑一个线程,第二个线程connect会挂住,暂时不明原因
		final int THREAD_NUM = 1;
		CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(THREAD_NUM);
		
		//创建个多线程模拟多个客户端,模拟失败,无效
		//只能通过命令行同时运行多个进程来模拟多个客户端
		for(int i=0; i<THREAD_NUM; i++){
			Client c = new Client(channelGroup, latch);
			Thread t = new Thread(c);
			System.out.println(t.getName() + "---start");
			t.start();
			//让主线程等待子线程处理再退出, 这对于异步调用无效
			//t.join();
		}			
		
		latch.await();
		
		if(channelGroup !=null){
			channelGroup.shutdown();
		}
	}
	
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---run");
		
		//连接服务器
		channel.connect(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8383), null, new CompletionHandler<Void, Void>(){
			final ByteBuffer readBuffer = ByteBuffer.allocateDirect(1024);
			
			@Override
			public void completed(Void result, Void attachment) {
				//连接成功后, 异步调用OS向服务器写一条消息
				try {
					//channel.write(CharsetHelper.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(helper.getWord())));
					writeStringMessage(helper.getWord());
				} catch (CharacterCodingException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
				
				//helper.sleep();//等待写异步调用完成
				readBuffer.clear();
				//异步调用OS读取服务器发送的消息
				channel.read(readBuffer, null, new CompletionHandler<Integer, Object>(){

					@Override
					public void completed(Integer result, Object attachment) {
						try{
							//异步读取完成后处理
							if(result > 0){
								readBuffer.flip();
								CharBuffer charBuffer = CharsetHelper.decode(readBuffer);
								String answer = charBuffer.toString(); 
								System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "---" + answer);
								readBuffer.clear();
								
								String word = helper.getWord();
								if(word != null){
									//异步写
									//channel.write(CharsetHelper.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(word)));
									writeStringMessage(word);
									//helper.sleep();//等待异步操作
									channel.read(readBuffer, null, this);
								}
								else{
									//不想发消息了,主动关闭channel
									shutdown();
								}
							}
							else{
								//对方已经关闭channel,自己被动关闭,避免空循环
								shutdown();
							}														
						}
						catch(Exception e){
							e.printStackTrace();
						}						
					}					

					/**
					 * 读取失败处理
					 * @param exc
					 * @param attachment
					 */
					@Override
					public void failed(Throwable exc, Object attachment) {
						System.out.println("client read failed: " + exc);
						try {
							shutdown();
						} catch (IOException e) {
							e.printStackTrace();
						}
					}
					
				});
			}

			/**
			 * 连接失败处理
			 * @param exc
			 * @param attachment
			 */
			@Override
			public void failed(Throwable exc, Void attachment) {
				System.out.println("client connect to server failed: " + exc);
				
				try {
					shutdown();
				} catch (IOException e) {
					e.printStackTrace();
				}
			}			
		});		
	}
	
	private void shutdown() throws IOException {
		if(channel != null){
			channel.close();
		}
		
		latch.countDown();							
	}
	
	/**
     * Enqueues a write of the buffer to the channel.
     * The call is asynchronous so the buffer is not safe to modify after
     * passing the buffer here.
     *
     * @param buffer the buffer to send to the channel
     */
    private void writeMessage(final ByteBuffer buffer) {
        boolean threadShouldWrite = false;

        synchronized(queue) {
            queue.add(buffer);
            // Currently no thread writing, make this thread dispatch a write
            if (!writing) {
                writing = true;
                threadShouldWrite = true;
            }
        }

        if (threadShouldWrite) {
            writeFromQueue();
        }
    }

    private void writeFromQueue() {
        ByteBuffer buffer;

        synchronized (queue) {
            buffer = queue.poll();
            if (buffer == null) {
                writing = false;
            }
        }

        // No new data in buffer to write
        if (writing) {
            writeBuffer(buffer);
        }
    }

    private void writeBuffer(ByteBuffer buffer) {
        channel.write(buffer, buffer, new CompletionHandler<Integer, ByteBuffer>() {
            @Override
            public void completed(Integer result, ByteBuffer buffer) {
                if (buffer.hasRemaining()) {
                    channel.write(buffer, buffer, this);
                } else {
                    // Go back and check if there is new data to write
                    writeFromQueue();
                }
            }

            @Override
            public void failed(Throwable exc, ByteBuffer attachment) {
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * Sends a message
     * @param string the message
     * @throws CharacterCodingException 
     */
    public void writeStringMessage(String msg) throws CharacterCodingException {
        writeMessage(Charset.forName("UTF-8").newEncoder().encode(CharBuffer.wrap(msg)));
    }
}


Helper类:

package com.stevex.app.aio;

import java.util.Random;
import java.util.concurrent.ArrayBlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class Helper {
	private static BlockingQueue<String> words;
	private static Random random;
	
	public Helper() throws InterruptedException{
		words = new ArrayBlockingQueue<String>(5);
		words.put("hi");
		words.put("who");
		words.put("what");
		words.put("where");
		words.put("bye");	
		
		random = new Random();
	}
	
	public String getWord(){
		return words.poll();
	}

	public void sleep() {
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(random.nextInt(3));
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}	
	
	public static void sleep(long l) {
		try {
			TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(l);
		} catch (InterruptedException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
	
	public static String getAnswer(String question){
		String answer = null;
		
		switch(question){
		case "who":
			answer = "我是小娜\n";
			break;
		case "what":
			answer = "我是来帮你解闷的\n";
			break;
		case "where":
			answer = "我来自外太空\n";
			break;
		case "hi":
			answer = "hello\n";
			break;
		case "bye":
			answer = "88\n";
			break;
		default:
				answer = "请输入 who, 或者what, 或者where";
		}
		
		return answer;
	}
}


CharsetHelper类:

package com.stevex.app.nio;

import java.nio.ByteBuffer;
import java.nio.CharBuffer;
import java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder;
import java.nio.charset.CharsetEncoder;

public class CharsetHelper {
	private static final String UTF_8 = "UTF-8";
	private static CharsetEncoder encoder = Charset.forName(UTF_8).newEncoder();
	private static CharsetDecoder decoder = Charset.forName(UTF_8).newDecoder();
	
	public static ByteBuffer encode(CharBuffer in) throws CharacterCodingException{
		return encoder.encode(in);
	}

	public static CharBuffer decode(ByteBuffer in) throws CharacterCodingException{
		return decoder.decode(in);
	}
}



本文出自 “力量来源于赤诚的爱!” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://stevex.blog.51cto.com/4300375/1581701

JAVA AIO 服务器与客户端实现示例

标签:aio

原文地址:http://stevex.blog.51cto.com/4300375/1581701

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