标签:style blog http io ar color os sp for
原文:C语言库函数大全及应用实例四
返回x对y的模,即x/y的余数。
void fnmerge(char *path,const char *drive,const char *dir,const char *name,const char *ext);
由给定的盘区路径文件名扩展名等组成部分建立path。
如果drive给出X:,dir给出\DIR\SUBDIR\,name给出NAME,和.ext给出.EXT,根据给定的组成部分,可建立一个完整的盘区路径文件名path为:
X:\DIR\CUBDIR\NAME.EXT
int fnsplit(const char *path,char *drive,char *cir,char *name,char *ext);
可把由path给出的盘区路径文件名扩展名分解成为各自的组成部分.返回一整型数.
FILE*fopen (const char *filemane,const char *mode);
打开文件filemane返回相联系的流;出错返回NULL。
mode字符串的可取值有:r,打开用于读;w,打开用于写;a,打开用于在原有内容之后写;r+,打开已存在的文件用于更新(读和写);w+创建新文件用于更新;a+,打开用于在原有内容之后更新,若文件不存在就创建。
unsigned FP_OFF(void far *farptr);
返回远指针farptr的地址偏移量。
int fprintf(FILE *stream,const char *format[,argument,...]);
照原样抄写格式串format的内容到流stream中,每遇到一个%,就按规定的格式,依次输出一个表达式argument的值到流stream中,返回写的字符个数。出错时返回EOF。
FILE *stream;
void main( void )
{
long l;
float fp;
char s[81];
char c;
stream = fopen( "fscanf.txt", "w+" );
if( stream == NULL )
printf( "The file fscanf.out was not opened\n" );
else {fprintf( stream, "%s %ld %f%c", "a-string",65000, 3.14159, ‘x‘ );
/* Set pointer to beginning of file: */
fseek( stream, 0L, SEEK_SET );
/* Read data back from file: */
fscanf( stream, "%s", s );
fscanf( stream, "%ld", &l );
fscanf( stream, "%f",
fscanf( stream, "%c", &c );/* Output data read: */
printf( "%s\n", s );
printf( "%ld\n", l );
printf( "%f\n", fp );
printf( "%c\n", c );
fclose( stream ); }
}
int fputc(int c,FILE *stream);
写一个字符到流中。
成功时返回所写的字符,失败或出错时返回EOF。
int fputchar(int c);
送一个字符到屏幕。
等价于fputc(c,stdout);成功时返回所写的字符,失败或出错时返回EOF。
int fputs(const char *s,FILE *stream);
把s所指的以空字符终结的字符串送入流中,不加换行符‘\n‘,不拷贝串结束符‘\0‘。
成功时返回最后的字符,出错时返回EOF。
size_t fread(void *ptr,size_t size,size_t n,FILE *stream);
从所给的输入流stream中读取的n项数据,每一项数据长度为size字节,到由ptr所指的块中。 成功时返回所读的数据项数(不是字节数);遇到文件结束或出错时可能返回0。 void free(void *block); 释放先前分配的首地址为block的内存块。 释放先前由allocmem分配的段地址为segx的内存块。 FILE *freopen(const char *filename,const char *mode,FILE *stream); 用filename所指定的文件代替打开的流stream所指定的文件。返回stream,出错时返回NULL。 double frexp(double x int *exponent); 将x分解成尾数合指数。 将给出的双精度数x分解成为在0.5和1之间尾数m和整形的指数n,使原来的x=m*(2的n次方),将整形指数n存入exponent所指的地址中,返回尾数m。 int fscan(FILE *stream,char *format,address,...); fscanf扫描输入字段,从流stream读入,每读入一个字段,就依次按照由format所指的格式串中取一个从%开始的格式进行格式化之后存入对应的一个地址address中。 FILE *stream; void main( void ) { long l; float fp; char s[81]; char c; stream = fopen( "fscanf.txt", "w+" ); if( stream == NULL ) printf( "The file fscanf.out was not opened\n" ); else {fprintf( stream, "%s %ld %f%c", "a-string",65000, 3.14159, ‘x‘ ); /* Set pointer to beginning of file: */ fseek( stream, 0L, SEEK_SET ); /* Read data back from file: */ fscanf( stream, "%s", s ); fscanf( stream, "%ld", &l ); fscanf( stream, "%f", fscanf( stream, "%c", &c );/* Output data read: */ printf( "%s\n", s ); printf( "%ld\n", l ); printf( "%f\n", fp ); printf( "%c\n", c ); fclose( stream ); } } int fseek(FILE *stream,long offset,int whence); 在流上重新定位文件结构的位置。fseek设置与流stream相联系的文件指针到新的位置,新位置与whence给定的文件位置的距离为offset字节。 0是SEEK_SET,是文件开始位置; 1是SEEK_CUR,是当前的指针位置; 2时SEEK_END,是文件末尾。 调用了fseek之后,在更新的文件位置上,下一个操作可以是输入;也可以是输出。成功地移动了指针时,fseek返回0;出错或失败时返回非0值。 例: #i nclude FILE *stream; void main( void ) { long l; float fp; char s[81]; char c; stream = fopen( "fscanf.txt", "w+" ); if( stream == NULL ) printf( "The file fscanf.out was not opened\n" ); else {fprintf( stream, "%s %ld %f%c", "a-string",65000, 3.14159, ‘x‘ ); /* Set pointer to beginning of file: */ fseek( stream, 0L, SEEK_SET ); /* Read data back from file: */ fscanf( stream, "%s", s ); fscanf( stream, "%ld", &l ); fscanf( stream, "%f", fscanf( stream, "%c", &c );/* Output data read: */ printf( "%s\n", s ); printf( "%ld\n", l ); printf( "%f\n", fp ); printf( "%c\n", c ); fclose( stream ); } } int fsetpos(FILE *stream,const fpos_t *pos); fsetpos把与stream相联系的文件指针置于新的位置。这个新的位置是先前对此流调用fgetpos所得的值。 调用fsetpos成功时返回0;若失败,返回非0值。 int fstat(int handle,struct stat *statbuf); 把与handle相联系的打开文件或目录的信息存入到statbuf所指的定义在sys\stat.h中的stat结构中。成功时返回0;出错时返回-1。 long int ftell(FILE *stream); 返回流stream中当前文件指针位置。偏移量是文件开始算起的字节数。出错时返回-1L,是长整数的-1值。 void ftime(struct timeb *buf); 把当前时间存入到在sys\timeb.h中定义的timeb结构中。 size_t fwrite(const void *ptr,size_t size,size_t n,FILE *stream); fwrite从指针ptr开始把n个数据项添加到给定输出流stream,每个数据项的长度为size个字节。 成功是返回确切的数据项数(不是字节数);出错时返回短(short)计数值。可能是0。 函数名: gcvt
#i nclude int main(void) /* a regular number */ /* a negative number */ /* scientific notation */
return(0); 函数名: geninterrupt #i nclude /* function prototype */ int main(void) /*
void writechar(char ch) 函数名: getarccoords #i nclude int main(void) /* initialize graphics and local variables */ /* read result of initialization */ midx = getmaxx() / 2; /* draw arc and get coordinates */ /* convert arc information into strings */ /* output the arc information */
/* clean up */ 函数名: getaspectratio #i nclude int main(void) /* initialize graphics and local variables */ /* read result of initialization */ midx = getmaxx() / 2; /* get current aspect ratio settings */ /* draw normal circle */ /* draw wide circle */ /* draw narrow circle */
/* clean up */ 函数名: getbkcolor #i nclude int main(void) /* initialize graphics and local variables */ /* read result of initialization */ midx = getmaxx() / 2; /* for centering text on the display */ /* get the current background color */ /* convert color value into a string */ /* display a message */
/* clean up */
#i nclude int main(void)
printf("Input a character:"); 函数名: getcbrk #i nclude int main(void)
return 0; 函数名: getch #i nclude int main(void)
printf("Input a character:"); 函数名: getchar #i nclude int main(void) /* Note that getchar reads from stdin and while ((c = getchar()) != ‘\n‘)
return 0; 函数名: getche #i nclude int main(void)
printf("Input a character:"); 函数名: getcolor #i nclude int main(void) /* initialize graphics and local variables */ /* read result of initialization */ midx = getmaxx() / 2; /* for centering text on the display */ /* get the current drawing color */ /* convert color value into a string */ /* display a message */
/* clean up */
int freemem(unsigned segx);
返回成功地扫描,转换和存贮输入字段的个数,遇文件结束返回EOF。
whence的取值必须是0,1或2中的一个,分别代表在stdio.h中定义的三个符号常量:
fsetpos清除stream所指文件的文件结束标志,并消除对该文件的所有ungetc操作。在调用fsetpos之后,文件的下一操作可以是输入或输出。
功 能: 把浮点数转换成字符串
用 法: char *gcvt(double value, int ndigit, char *buf);
程序例:
#i nclude
{
char str[25];
double num;
int sig = 5; /* significant digits */
num = 9.876;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str);
num = -123.4567;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str);
num = 0.678e5;
gcvt(num, sig, str);
printf("string = %s\n", str);
}
功 能: 产生一个软中断
用 法: void geninterrupt(int intr_num);
程序例:
#i nclude
void writechar(char ch);
{
clrscr();
gotoxy(80,25);
writechar(‘*‘);
getch();
return 0;
}
outputs a character at the current cursor
position using the video BIOS to avoid the
scrolling of the screen when writing to
location (80,25).
*/
{
struct text_info ti;
/* grab current text settings */
gettextinfo(&ti);
/* interrupt 0x10 sub-function 9 */
_AH = 9;
/* character to be output */
_AL = ch;
_BH = 0; /* video page */
_BL = ti.attribute; /* video attribute */
_CX = 1; /* repetition factor */
geninterrupt(0x10); /* output the char */
}
功 能: 取得最后一次调用arc的坐标
用 法: void far getarccoords(struct arccoordstype far *arccoords);
程序例:
#i nclude
#i nclude
#i nclude
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
struct arccoordstype arcinfo;
int midx, midy;
int stangle = 45, endangle = 270;
char sstr[80], estr[80];
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
}
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
arc(midx, midy, stangle, endangle, 100);
getarccoords(&arcinfo);
sprintf(sstr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xstart, arcinfo.ystart);
sprintf(estr, "*- (%d, %d)",
arcinfo.xend, arcinfo.yend);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xstart,
arcinfo.ystart, sstr);
outtextxy(arcinfo.xend,
arcinfo.yend, estr);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
功 能: 返回当前图形模式的纵横比
用 法: void far getaspectratio(int far *xasp, int far *yasp);
程序例:
#i nclude
#i nclude
#i nclude
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int xasp, yasp, midx, midy;
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
}
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
getaspectratio(&xasp, &yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch();
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp/2, yasp);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch();
cleardevice();
setaspectratio(xasp, yasp/2);
circle(midx, midy, 100);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
功 能: 返回当前背景颜色
用 法: int far getbkcolor(void);
程序例:
#i nclude
#i nclude
#i nclude
#i nclude
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int bkcolor, midx, midy;
char bkname[35];
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
}
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
bkcolor = getbkcolor();
itoa(bkcolor, bkname, 10);
strcat(bkname,
" is the current background color.");
outtextxy(midx, midy, bkname);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
功 能: 从流中取字符
用 法: int getc(FILE *stream);
程序例:
{
char ch;
/* read a character from the
standard input stream */
ch = getc(stdin);
printf("The character input was: ‘%c‘\n",
ch);
return 0;
}
功 能: 获取Control_break设置
用 法: int getcbrk(void);
程序例:
#i nclude
{
if (getcbrk())
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is on\n");
else
printf("Cntrl-brk flag is off\n");
}
功 能: 从控制台无回显地取一个字符
用 法: int getch(void);
程序例:
#i nclude
{
char ch;
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a ‘%c‘\n", ch);
return 0;
}
功 能: 从stdin流中读字符
用 法: int getchar(void);
程序例:
{
int c;
is line buffered; this means it will
not return until you press ENTER. */
printf("%c", c);
}
功 能: 从控制台取字符(带回显)
用 法: int getche(void);
程序例:
#i nclude
{
char ch;
ch = getche();
printf("\nYou input a ‘%c‘\n", ch);
return 0;
}
功 能: 返回当前画线颜色
用 法: int far getcolor(void);
程序例:
#i nclude
#i nclude
#i nclude
#i nclude
{
/* request auto detection */
int gdriver = DETECT, gmode, errorcode;
int color, midx, midy;
char colname[35];
initgraph(&gdriver, &gmode, "");
errorcode = graphresult();
/* an error occurred */
if (errorcode != grOk)
{
printf("Graphics error: %s\n",
grapherrormsg(errorcode));
printf("Press any key to halt:");
getch();
/* terminate with an error code */
exit(1);
}
midy = getmaxy() / 2;
setcolor(getmaxcolor());
settextjustify(CENTER_TEXT, CENTER_TEXT);
color = getcolor();
itoa(color, colname, 10);
strcat(colname,
" is the current drawing color.");
outtextxy(midx, midy, colname);
getch();
closegraph();
return 0;
}
标签:style blog http io ar color os sp for
原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/lonelyxmas/p/4157080.html