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本章涉及Selenium WebDriver的所有接口。
Recommended Import
Style
推荐的导入风格如下：
from selenium import webdriver
然后，你可以这样访问所有的类：
webdriver.Firefox
webdriver.FirefoxProfile
webdriver.Chrome
webdriver.ChromeOptions
webdriver.Ie
webdriver.Opera
webdriver.PhantomJS
webdriver.Remote
webdriver.DesiredCapabilities
webdriver.ActionChains
webdriver.TouchActions
webdriver.Proxy
特别的Keys类可以这样导入：
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
异常类可以像这样被导入：
from selenium.common.exceptions import [TheNameOfTheExceptionClass]
有些属性是可以被调用的，有些不可以。所有可以被调用的属性以圆括号结尾：
下面是属性的示例：
· current_url
当前页面加载的页面地址
用法：
driver.current_url
下面是一个方法的一个示例：
· close()
关闭当前页面窗口
用法：
driver.close()
依据：
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidElementStateException
当尝试选择一个未能选中的元素时，异常会抛出
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.ElementNotVisibleException(msg=None,
screen=None, stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidElementStateException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.ErrorInResponseException(response,
msg)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.ImeActivationFailedException(msg=None,
screen=None, stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.ImeNotAvailableException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidCookieDomainException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidElementStateException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSelectorException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSwitchToTargetException(msg=None,
screen=None, stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.MoveTargetOutOfBoundsException(msg=None,
screen=None, stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.NoAlertPresentException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchAttributeException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据：
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchElementException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchFrameException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSwitchToTargetException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.NoSuchWindowException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.InvalidSwitchToTargetException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.RemoteDriverServerException(msg=None,
screen=None, stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.StaleElementReferenceException(msg=None,
screen=None, stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
异常：
selenium.common.exceptions.UnableToSetCookieException(msg=None, screen=None,
stacktrace=None)
依据:
selenium.common.exceptions.WebDriverException
按住源元素上的鼠标左键，
然后移动到目标偏移和释放鼠标按钮。
ADD = u‘\ue025‘
ALT = u‘\ue00a‘
ARROW_DOWN = u‘\ue015‘
ARROW_LEFT
= u‘\ue012‘
ARROW_RIGHT = u‘\ue014‘
ARROW_UP = u‘\ue013‘
BACK_SPACE =
u‘\ue003‘
CANCEL = u‘\ue001‘
CLEAR = u‘\ue005‘
COMMAND =
u‘\ue03d‘
CONTROL = u‘\ue009‘
DECIMAL = u‘\ue028‘
DELETE =
u‘\ue017‘
DIVIDE = u‘\ue029‘
DOWN = u‘\ue015‘
END =
u‘\ue010‘
ENTER = u‘\ue007‘
EQUALS = u‘\ue019‘
ESCAPE =
u‘\ue00c‘
F1 = u‘\ue031‘
F10 = u‘\ue03a‘
F11 = u‘\ue03b‘
F12 =
u‘\ue03c‘
F2 = u‘\ue032‘
F3 = u‘\ue033‘
F4 = u‘\ue034‘
F5 =
u‘\ue035‘
F6 = u‘\ue036‘
F7 = u‘\ue037‘
F8 = u‘\ue038‘
F9 =
u‘\ue039‘
HELP = u‘\ue002‘
HOME = u‘\ue011‘
INSERT =
u‘\ue016‘
LEFT = u‘\ue012‘
LEFT_ALT = u‘\ue00a‘
LEFT_CONTROL =
u‘\ue009‘
LEFT_SHIFT = u‘\ue008‘
META = u‘\ue03d‘
MULTIPLY =
u‘\ue024‘
NULL = u‘\ue000‘
NUMPAD0 = u‘\ue01a‘
NUMPAD1 =
u‘\ue01b‘
NUMPAD2 = u‘\ue01c‘
NUMPAD3 = u‘\ue01d‘
NUMPAD4 =
u‘\ue01e‘
NUMPAD5 = u‘\ue01f‘
NUMPAD6 = u‘\ue020‘
NUMPAD7 =
u‘\ue021‘
NUMPAD8 = u‘\ue022‘
NUMPAD9 = u‘\ue023‘
PAGE_DOWN =
u‘\ue00f‘
PAGE_UP = u‘\ue00e‘
PAUSE = u‘\ue00b‘
RETURN =
u‘\ue006‘
RIGHT = u‘\ue014‘
SEMICOLON = u‘\ue018‘
SEPARATOR =
u‘\ue026‘
SHIFT = u‘\ue008‘
SPACE = u‘\ue00d‘
SUBTRACT =
u‘\ue027‘
TAB = u‘\ue004‘
UP = u‘\ue013‘
error_handler - 用于验证服务器没有返回错误errorhandler.ErrorHandler对象。
SESSION_ID - 会话ID发送与每一个命令。
capabilities - 实例会话的底层浏览器的字典能力。
proxy -
一个selenium.webdriver.common.proxy.Proxy对象，指定要使用的浏览器的代理。
add_cookie(cookie_dict)
find_element(by=‘id‘, value=None)
‘Private’ method 用于
find_element_by_* methods.
Usage: Use the corresponding find_element_by_* instead of this.
find_element_by_class_name(name)
通过类名来查找元素.
Args: name: The class name of the element to
find.
Usage:driver.find_element_by_class_name(‘foo’)
find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)
css
selector定位element.
Args: css_selector: The css selector to use
when finding
elements.
Usage: driver.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#foo’)
find_element_by_id(id_)
id定位element.
Args: id_ - The id of the element to be
found.
Usage: driver.find_element_by_id(‘foo’)
find_element_by_link_text(link_text)
link
text定位element.
Args: link_text: The text of
the element to be found.
Usage:
driver.find_element_by_link_text(‘Sign In’)
find_element_by_name(name)
name属性定位元素.
Args: name: The name of the element to
find.
Usage:
driver.find_element_by_name(‘foo’)
find_element_by_partial_link_text(link_text)
通过partial
match link text定位element
Args: link_text: The text of the
element to partially match on.
Usage:
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(‘Sign’)
find_element_by_tag_name(name)
定位element通过tag name.
Args: name: The tag name of the element to
find.
Usage: driver.find_element_by_tag_name(‘foo’)
find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
定位element 通过 xpath.
Args: xpath - The xpath locator of the
element to
find.
Usage: driver.find_element_by_xpath(‘//div/td[1]’)
find_elements(by=‘id‘, value=None)
私有method used by the
find_elements_by_* methods.
Usage: 使用相应的 find_elements_by_* 替代
find_elements_by_class_name(name)
通过class name定位一组元素.
Args: name: The class name of the elements
to find.
Usage:
driver.find_elements_by_class_name(‘foo’)
find_elements_by_css_selector(css_selector)
css selector定位一组elements.
Args: css_selector: The css selector to use
when finding
elements.
Usage: driver.find_element_by_css_selector(‘#foo’)
find_elements_by_id(id_)
定位多种 elements 通过 id.
Args: id_ - The id of the elements to be
found.
Usage: driver.find_element_by_id(‘foo’)
find_elements_by_link_text(text)
定位elements 通过 link text.
Args: Link_text: The text of the elements
to be found.
Usage:
driver.find_elements_by_link_text(‘Sign In’)
find_elements_by_name(name)
定位 elements 通过 name属性.
Args: name: The name of the elements to
find.
Usage: driver.find_elements_by_name(‘foo’)
find_elements_by_partial_link_text(link_text)
通过部分匹配的链接文本内容来定位elements.
Args: link_text: The text of the element to
partial match
on.
Usage: driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(‘Sign’)
find_elements_by_tag_name(name)
通过 tag name
定位 elements .
Args: name: The tag name the use when
finding elements.
Usage:
driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(‘foo’)
find_elements_by_xpath(xpath)
Finds multiple elements
by xpath.
Args: xpath - The xpath locator of the elements
to be found.
Usage:
driver.find_elements_by_xpath(“//div[contains(@class, ‘foo’)]”)
forward()
Goes one step forward in the browser
history.（back以后的forward()）
Usage: driver.forward()
get(url)
Loads a web page in the current browser session.
get_cookie(name)
Get a single cookie by name. Returns the cookie if found, None if not.
Usage: driver.get_cookie(‘my_cookie’)
get_cookies()
Returns a set of dictionaries,
corresponding to cookies visible in the current session.
Usage: driver.get_cookies()
get_log(log_type)
获取给定的日志类型的日志
Args: log_type: type of log that which will
be returned
Usage: driver.get_log(‘browser’)
driver.get_log(‘driver’)
driver.get_log(‘client’)
driver.get_log(‘server’)
get_screenshot_as_base64()
获取当前窗口的屏幕截图作为一个base64编码的字符串
这是在HTML中嵌入的图像是有用的。
Usage: driver.get_screenshot_as_base64()
get_screenshot_as_file(filename)
得到当前窗口的截图. Returns
False if there is
any IOError, else returns True. Use full paths in your
filename.
Args: filename: The full path you
wish to save your screenshot to.
Usage:
driver.get_screenshot_as_file(‘/Screenshots/foo.png’)
get_screenshot_as_png()
Gets the screenshot of the
current window as a binary data.
Usage: driver.get_screenshot_as_png()
get_window_position(windowHandle=‘current‘)
Gets the
x,y position of the current window.
Usage: driver.get_window_position()
get_window_size(windowHandle=‘current‘)
Gets the width
and height of the current window.
Usage: driver.get_window_size()
implicitly_wait(time_to_wait)（隐性wait）
为implicitly
wait查找元素时设置一个固定超时时间 ,或者为一个命令设置超时时间.这个方法仅仅需要在每个会话一段时间内调用即可.To set the timeout
for calls to execute_async_script, see
set_script_timeout.
Args:
time_to_wait: Amount of time to wait (in
seconds)
Usage: driver.implicitly_wait(30)
is_online()
Returns a boolean if the browser is online
or offline
maximize_window()
Maximizes the current window that webdriver is using
quit()
Quits the driver and closes every associated window.
Usage: driver.quit()
refresh()
Refreshes the current page.
Usage: driver.refresh()
save_screenshot(filename)
Gets the screenshot of the
current window. Returns False if there is
any IOError, else returns True.
Use full paths in your filename.
Args:
filename: The full path you wish to save your screenshot
to.
Usage:
driver.get_screenshot_as_file(‘/Screenshots/foo.png’)
set_page_load_timeout(time_to_wait)
设置一个时间wait页面完全加载在页面抛出异常前.
Args:
time_to_wait: The amount of time to wait
Usage:
driver.set_page_load_timeout(30)
set_script_timeout(time_to_wait)
执行脚本时，在其发生异常前设置一个超时时间.
Args: time_to_wait: The amount
of time to wait (in
seconds)
Usage: driver.set_script_timeout(30)
set_window_position(x, y, windowHandle=‘current‘)
Sets the x,y position of the current window. (window.moveTo)
Args:
x: the x-coordinate in pixels to set the window
position
y:
the y-coordinate in pixels to set the window
position
Usage: driver.set_window_position(0,0)
set_window_size(width, height, windowHandle=‘current‘)
Sets the width and height of the current window. (window.resizeTo)
Args:
width: the width in pixels to set the
window to
height: the height in pixels to set the window
to
Usage:
driver.set_window_size(800,600)
start_client()
Called before starting a new session. This method may be overridden to define custom startup behavior.
start_session(desired_capabilities, browser_profile=None)
Creates a new session with the desired capabilities.
Args:
browser_name - The name of the browser to request.
version
- Which browser version to request.
platform - Which platform to request
the browser on.
javascript_enabled - Whether the new session should
support JavaScript.
browser_profile - A
selenium.webdriver.firefox.firefox_profile.FirefoxProfile object. Only used if
Firefox is requested.
stop_client()
Called after executing a quit command.
This method may be overridden to define custom shutdown behavior.
switch_to_active_element()
Returns the element with focus, or BODY if nothing has focus.
Usage: driver.switch_to_active_element()
switch_to_alert()
Switches focus to an alert on the page.
Usage: driver.switch_to_alert()
switch_to_default_content()
Switch focus to the default
frame.
Usage: driver.switch_to_default_content()
switch_to_frame(frame_reference)
Switches focus to the
specified frame, by index, name, or webelement.
Args: frame_reference: The name of the
window to switch to, an integer representing the index,
or a webelement
that is an (i)frame to switch to.
Usage: driver.switch_to_frame(‘frame_name’)
driver.switch_to_frame(1)
driver.switch_to_frame(driver.find_elements_by_tag_name(“iframe”)[0])
switch_to_window(window_name)
Switches focus to the specified window.
Args: window_name: The name or window
handle of the window to switch to.
Usage:
driver.switch_to_window(‘main’)
application_cache
Returns a ApplicationCache Object to interact with the browser app cache
current_url
Gets the URL of the current page.
Usage: driver.current_url
current_window_handle
Returns the handle of the current
window.
Usage: driver.current_window_handle
desired_capabilities
returns the drivers current
desired capabilities being used
log_types
Gets a list of the available log types
Usage: driver.log_types
name
Returns the name of the underlying browser for
this instance.
Usage: driver.name
orientation
Gets the current orientation of the
device
Usage: orientation = driver.orientation
page_source
Gets the source of the current page.
Usage: driver.page_source
title
Returns the title of the current page.
Usage: driver.title
window_handles
Returns the handles of all windows
within the current session.
Usage: driver.window_handles
class
selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.LocalFileDetector
Bases:
object
classmethod is_local_file(*keys)
class
selenium.webdriver.remote.webelement.WebElement(parent,
id_)
Bases: object
Represents an HTML element.
Generally, all interesting operations to do with interacting with a page will be performed through this interface.
clear()find_element_by_css_selector(css_selector)
Find and
return an element by CSS selector.
find_element_by_id(id_)
Finds element by id.
find_element_by_link_text(link_text)
Finds element by
link text.
find_element_by_name(name)
Find element by name.
find_element_by_partial_link_text(link_text)
find_element_by_tag_name(name)
find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
Finds
element by xpath.
find_elements(by=‘id‘,
value=None)
find_elements_by_class_name(name)
Finds
elements by their class name.
find_elements_by_css_selector(css_selector)
Find and
return list of multiple elements by CSS selector.
find_elements_by_id(id_)
find_elements_by_link_text(link_text)
find_elements_by_name(name)
find_elements_by_partial_link_text(link_text)
find_elements_by_tag_name(name)
find_elements_by_xpath(xpath)
get_attribute(name)
Gets the attribute value.
is_displayed()
Whether the element would be visible
to a user
is_enabled()
Whether the element is enabled.
is_selected()
Whether the element is selected.
send_keys(*value)
Simulates typing into the
element.
submit()
Submits a form.
value_of_css_property(property_name)
Returns the
value of a CSS property
id
location
Returns the
location of the element in the renderable canvas
location_once_scrolled_into_view
CONSIDERED LIABLE TO
CHANGE WITHOUT WARNING. Use this to discover where on the screen an element is
so that we can click it. This method should cause the element to be scrolled
into view.
Returns the top lefthand corner location on the screen, or None if the element is not visible
parent
size
Returns the size
of the element
tag_name
Gets this element’s tagName property.
text
Gets the text of the
element.
deselect_by_index(index)
取消选择给定索引处的选项。这是通过追问元素的“索引”属性，而不是仅仅通过计算完成的。
Args: index - The option at this index will be deselected
deselect_by_value(value)
Deselect all options that have
a value matching the argument. That is, when given “foo” this would deselect
an option like:
<option
value=”foo”>Bar</option>
Args: value - The
value to match against
deselect_by_visible_text(text)
Deselect all options
that display text matching the argument. That is, when given “Bar” this would
deselect an option like:
<option value=”foo”>Bar</option>
Args: text - The visible text to match
against
select_by_index(index)
Select the option at
the given index. This is done by examing the “index” attribute of an element,
and not merely by counting.
Args: index - The option at this index will be
selected
select_by_value(value)
Select all options
that have a value matching the argument. That is, when given “foo” this would
select an option like:
<option value=”foo”>Bar</option>
Args: value - The value to match against
select_by_visible_text(text)
Select all options that
display text matching the argument. That is, when given “Bar” this would
select an option like:
<option value=”foo”>Bar</option>
Args: text - The visible
text to match against
all_selected_options
Returns
a list of all selected options belonging to this select tag
first_selected_option
The first selected option in this
select tag (or the currently selected option in a normal select)
options
Returns a list of all options belonging to this
select tag
class
selenium.webdriver.support.wait.WebDriverWait(driver, timeout,
poll_frequency=0.5, ignored_exceptions=None)
Bases:
object
until(method, message=‘‘)
Calls the method provided
with the driver as an argument until the return value is not False.
until_not(method, message=‘‘)
Calls the method provided
with the driver as an argument until the return value is False.
class
selenium.webdriver.support.color.Color(red, green, blue,
alpha=1)
Bases: object
Color conversion support class
例如：from selenium.webdriver.support.color import Color print(Color.from_string(‘#00ff33‘).rgba) print(Color.from_string(‘rgb(1, 255, 3)‘).hex) print(Color.from_string(‘blue‘).rgba)
static
from_string(str_)
hex
rgb
rgba
class
selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.alert_is_present
Bases:
object
Expect an alert to be present.
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_located_selection_state_to_be(locator, is_selected)
Bases: object
An expectation to locate an element and check if the selection state specified is in that state. locator is a tuple of (by, path) is_selected is a boolean
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_located_to_be_selected(locator)
Bases: object
An expectation for the element to be located is selected. locator is a tuple of (by, path)
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_selection_state_to_be(element, is_selected)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking if the given element is selected. element is WebElement object is_selected is a Boolean.”
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_clickable(locator)
Bases: object
An Expectation for checking an element is visible and enabled such that you can click it.
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.element_to_be_selected(element)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking the selection is selected. element is WebElement object
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.frame_to_be_available_and_switch_to_it(locator)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking whether the given frame is available to switch to. If the frame is available it switches the given driver to the specified frame.
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.invisibility_of_element_located(locator)
Bases: object
An Expectation for checking that an element is either invisible or not present on the DOM.
locator used to find the element
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.presence_of_all_elements_located(locator)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking that there is at least one element present on a web page. locator is used to find the element returns the list of WebElements once they are located
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.presence_of_element_located(locator)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page. This does not necessarily mean that the element is visible. locator - used to find the element returns the WebElement once it is located
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.staleness_of(element)
Bases: object
Wait until an element is no longer attached to the DOM. element is the element to wait for. returns False if the element is still attached to the DOM, true otherwise.
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.text_to_be_present_in_element(locator, text_)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking if the given text is present in the specified element. locator, text
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.text_to_be_present_in_element_value(locator, text_)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking if the given text is present in the element’s locator, text
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.title_contains(title)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking that the title contains a case-sensitive substring. title is the fragment of title expected returns True when the title matches, False otherwise
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.title_is(title)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking the title of a page. title is the expected title, which must be an exact match returns True if the title matches, false otherwise.
class selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of(element)
Bases: object
An expectation for checking that an element, known to be present on the DOM of a page, is visible. Visibility means that the element is not only displayed but also has a height and width that is greater than 0. element is the WebElement returns the (same) WebElement once it is visible
class
selenium.webdriver.support.expected_conditions.visibility_of_element_located(locator)
Bases:
object
An expectation for checking that an element is present on the DOM of a page and visible. Visibility means that the element is not only displayed but also has a height and width that is greater than 0. locator - used to find the element returns the WebElement once it is located and visible
<译>Selenium Python Bindings 6 - WebDriver API,布布扣,bubuko.com
<译>Selenium Python Bindings 6 - WebDriver API
标签：des style blog class c code
原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/wuzhiming/p/3730210.html
