标签：server linux 客户端 程序 动态 nginx
一、什么是FastCGI
FastCGI是一个可伸缩、高速在HTTP server和动态脚本语言之间的一个通信接口.大多数的HTTP server都支持FastCGI，比如：Nginx Aapache lighttpd等..FastCGI被很多语言所支持。其中就有PHP.
二、Nginx+FastCGI运行原理
(1)Nginx不支持对外程序的直接调用或者解析，所有的外包程序(包括PHP)都必须通过FastCGI来调用
(2)FastCGI接口在Linux下面可以(socket文件的方式存在，那么可以IP)，
(3)为了调用CGI程序，还需要一个FastCGI的wrapper，当Nginx发送CGI的请求给这个socket的时候。通过FastCGI接口wrapper接受到的请求，然后派生出一个新的线程，这个线程调用外部程序或者脚本读却返回数据.
最后wrapper在将返回的数据通过FastCGI接口，沿着固定的socket传递给Nginx，最后返回给数据发送的客户端.
Nginx-->发送一个CGI请求-->FastCGI(warpper)接收到这个请求--->派生出一个新的线程--->调用外部程序或者脚本返回数据--->wrapper将数据沿着固定的socket传递给Nginx-->由Nginx在把这个数据返回给用户.
三、PHP与PHP-FPM的安装与优化
PHP-FPM也是第三方的FastCGI的进程管理，它作为PHP补丁一起开发，编写的时候跟着一起编译到PHP内核当中，PHP-FPM在处理高并发的方面非常的优秀.它的一个有点呢：就是把动态语言和HTTP server分离开来(动静分离)，Http server主要处理静态请求，PHP-FPM处理动态请求。
所有呢 PHP/PHP-FPM 和Nginx经常组合到一块安装到一台机器上，以满足业务需求.
四、首先安装Mysql
(1)首先安装Mysql数据库，PHP在编译的时候需要mysql的一个配置
这样PHP远程链接Mysql才有用
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf mysql-5.1.49.tar.gz -C tmp/
# cd tmp/mysql-5.1.49/
#CONFOPTS=" --with-charset=utf8 --with-plugins=partition,federated,innobase,myisam --enable-static --enable-assembler --enable-thread-safe-client --with-client-ldflags=-all-static-ltinfo --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static-ltinfo --with-big-tables --with-mysqld-user=mysql --without-debug --without-ndb-debug --localstatedir=/usr/local/services/mysql-5.1.49/var --prefix=/usr/local/services/mysql-5.1.49 "
#./configure $CONFOPTS >/dev/null
# make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
五、安装PHP的依赖库
①libxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
#tar xf libxml2-2.7.7.tar.gz –C tmp/
# cd tmp/libxml2-2.7.7/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
②curl-7.21.4.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf curl-7.21.4.tar.gz -C tmp/
# cd tmp/curl-7.21.4/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
③jpegsrc.v8b.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
#tar xf jpegsrc.v8b.tar.gz –C tmp/
#cd tmp/jpeg-8b/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
④libpng-1.4.3.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf libpng-1.4.3.tar.gz -C tmp/
# cd tmp/libpng-1.4.3/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
⑤freetype-2.4.1.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf freetype-2.4.1.tar.gz -C tmp/
# cd tmp/freetype-2.4.1/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
⑥libevent-2.0.10-stable.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf libevent-2.0.10-stable.tar.gz –C tmp/
# cd tmp/libevent-2.0.10-stable/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services --disable-debug-mode >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
⑦re2c-0.13.5.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf re2c-0.13.5.tar.gz -C tmp/
# cd tmp/re2c-0.13.5/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
⑧libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf libmcrypt-2.5.8.tar.bz2 -C tmp/
# cd tmp/libmcrypt-2.5.8/
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
# cd libltdl/
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services --enable-ltdl-install >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
六、安装PHP的依赖库
wget http://php.net/distributions/php-5.3.13.tar.gz
php-5.3.13.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf php-5.3.13.tar.gz -C tmp/
#cd tmp/php-5.3.13/
#CONFOPTS="
--enable-zend-multibyte --enable-mbstring --enable-sockets --enable-pdo --enable-zip --enable-fpm --with-gd --with-fpm-user=user_00 --with-fpm-group=user_00 --with-zlib --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/etc --with-libxml-dir=/usr/local/services --with-curl=/usr/local/services --with-png-dir=/usr/local/services --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/local/services --with-freetype-dir=/usr/local/services --with-mysql=/usr/local/services/mysql --with-pdo-mysql=/usr/local/services/mysql --with-mysqli=/usr/local/services/mysql/bin/mysql_config --prefix=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13 "
# ./configure $CONFOPTS
# make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
编译错误解决：
/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
configure: error: Cannot find libmysqlclient under /usr.
Note that the MySQL client library is not bundled anymore!
解决方法：
cp -rp /usr/lib64/mysql/libmysqlclient.so.16.0.0 /usr/lib/libmysqlclient.so
七、安装PHP的扩展模块
①eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2
# cd /data/soft/
#tar xf eaccelerator-0.9.6.1.tar.bz2 -C tmp/
#cd tmp/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1/
#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize
#./configure --prefix=/usr/local/services/eaccelerator-0.9.6.1 --enable-eaccelerator --with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config > /dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
#mkdir /tmp/eaccelerator
#chmod 777 /tmp/eaccelerator
②memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz
(服务器端要前安装，下面的编译扩展模块要用到)
# cd /data/soft/
#tar xf memcached-1.4.13.tar.gz -C tmp/
# cd tmp/memcached-1.4.13/
#./configure --enable-64bit --with-libevent=/usr/local/services --prefix=/usr/local/services/memcached-1.4.13 >/dev/null
# make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
③libmemcached-0.48.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
#tar xf libmemcached-0.48.tar.gz -C tmp/
#cd tmp/libmemcached-0.48/
#CONFOPTS="
--disable-libinnodb
--without-libinnodb-prefix
--with-libevent-prefix=/usr/local/services
--with-memcached=/usr/local/services/memcached-1.4.13/bin/memcached
--prefix=/usr/local/services
"
#./configure $CONFOPTS >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
④igbinary-1.0.2.tgz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf igbinary-1.0.2.tar.gz -C tmp/
#cd tmp/igbinary-1.0.2/
#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize
#./configure --enable-igbinary --with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
⑤memcache-3.0.5.tgz
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf memcache-3.0.5.tgz -C tmp/
#cd tmp/memcache-3.0.5/
#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize
#CONFOPTS=" --enable-memcache --with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config "
#./configure $CONFOPTS >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
⑥memcached-1.0.2.tgz(注意安装的顺序，igbinary-1.1.1.tgz是依赖库)
# cd /data/soft/
# tar xf memcached-1.0.2.tgz -C tmp/
# cd tmp/memcached-1.0.2/
#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize
#CONFOPTS=" --enable-memcached --enable-memcached-igbinary --enable-memcached-json --with-libmemcached-dir=/usr/local/services --with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config --prefix=/usr/local/services "
#./configure $CONFOPTS >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
⑦owlient-phpredis-2.1.1-1-g90ecd17.tar.gz
# cd /data/soft/
#tar xf owlient-phpredis-2.1.1-1-g90ecd17.tar.gz -C tmp/
# cd tmp/owlient-phpredis-90ecd17/
#/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/phpize
#./configure --with-php-config=/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/bin/php-config >/dev/null
#make >/dev/null && make install >/dev/null
九、拷贝配置文件：
# cd /usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/etc
# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
# cp /soft/php/php-5.3.13/php.ini-production php.ini
1.PHP配置文件优化与调整
1.在php-fpm.conf 里面调整.
;listen = 127.0.0.1:9000
listen = /tmp/php-cgi.tuge.sock #以socke的方式访问.注视掉.ip端口的方式.
; Default Value: log/php-fpm.log
error_log = /data/php_log/tuge.php.error #根据不同的项目名.定义不同的.sock 和日志.
# 调整进程数量
pm.max_children：静态方式下开启的php-fpm进程数量。
pm.start_servers：动态方式下的起始php-fpm进程数量。
pm.min_spare_servers：动态方式下的最小php-fpm进程数量。
pm.max_spare_servers：动态方式下的最大php-fpm进程数量。
2.在php.ini 加入扩展模块.
在尾部添加:
[eaccelerator]
zend_extension="/usr/local/services/php-5.3.13/lib/php/extensions/no-debug-non-zts-20090626/eaccelerator.so
"
eaccelerator.shm_size="16"
eaccelerator.cache_dir="/tmp/eaccelerator"
eaccelerator.enable="1"
eaccelerator.optimizer="1"
eaccelerator.check_mtime="1"
eaccelerator.debug="0"
eaccelerator.filter=""
eaccelerator.shm_max="0"
eaccelerator.shm_ttl="0"
eaccelerator.shm_prune_period="0"
eaccelerator.shm_only="0"
eaccelerator.compress="1"
eaccelerator.compress_level="9"
扩展模块增加
extension = memcached.so
extension = redis.so
extension = memcache.so
extension = igbinary.so
十、启动PHP-FPM
#cd ../sbin
#./php-fpm
十一、Nginx配置文件调整
#vim /usr/local/services/nginx-0.8.55/conf/vhost/vhost.zhangyi.com
#可以指定多个localtion进行不同的指令处理，这里是指定php的sock
location ~ \.php$ {
fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.zhangyi.sock; #修改这里
fastcgi_index index.php;
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $http_host;
fastcgi_ignore_client_abort on;
}
十二、重启Nginux
#cd /usr/local/services/nginx-0.8.55/sbin
#./nginx -s reload
十三、测试
#cd /data/www
#mv index.html index.php
#vim index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
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原文地址：http://8448262.blog.51cto.com/8438262/1416455
