标签:java
最开始学习java时,头都大了,也没学好多线程,甚至都不明白啥是多线程...慢慢的不断学习,发现多线程其实并没有我们想象中的困难。
方式1:实现Runnable接口
public class HelloRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Hello from a thread!");
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
(new Thread(new HelloRunnable())).start();
}
}
方式二:继承Thread类
public class HelloThread extends Thread {
public void run() {
System.out.println("Hello from a thread!");
}
public static void main(String args[]) {
(new HelloThread()).start();
}
}
注意点:启动线程使用的是start方法,不是调用run()方法。public class SleepMessages {
public static void main(String args[])
throws InterruptedException {
String importantInfo[] = {
"Mares eat oats",
"Does eat oats",
"Little lambs eat ivy",
"A kid will eat ivy too"
};
for (int i = 0;
i < importantInfo.length;
i++) {
//Pause for 4 seconds
Thread.sleep(4000);
//Print a message
System.out.println(importantInfo[i]);
}
}
}注意点,Thread.sleep()方法会抛出一个InterruptedException,这个异常的抛出,是由于中断了这个线程,那么这个线程就不能继续存活下去了。for (int i = 0; i < inputs.length; i++) {
heavyCrunch(inputs[i]);
if (Thread.interrupted()) {
throw new InterruptedException();
}
}public class ThreadDemo{
public static void main(String[] args){
Thread mainThread = Thread.currentThread();
System.out.println(mainThread.getName() + " start");
Thread joinThread = new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run(){
System.out.println("I am joinThread");
try{
Thread.sleep(5000);
}catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
});
joinThread.start();
try{
joinThread.join();
}catch(InterruptedException e){
e.printStackTrace();
}
//this partition code has to wait the joinThread to complete
System.out.println("end");
}
}在这个例子中,最后主线程部分的System.out.println("end");部分的代码,需要一直等待joinThread的执行完成,这里为了简单,只有一句输出,其实可以为任何的代码。public class SimpleThreads {
// Display a message, preceded by
// the name of the current thread
static void threadMessage(String message) {
String threadName =
Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.format("%s: %s%n",
threadName,
message);
}
private static class MessageLoop
implements Runnable {
public void run() {
String importantInfo[] = {
"Mares eat oats",
"Does eat oats",
"Little lambs eat ivy",
"A kid will eat ivy too"
};
try {
for (int i = 0;
i < importantInfo.length;
i++) {
// Pause for 4 seconds
Thread.sleep(4000);
// Print a message
threadMessage(importantInfo[i]);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
threadMessage("I wasn't done!");
}
}
}
public static void main(String args[])
throws InterruptedException {
// Delay, in milliseconds before
// we interrupt MessageLoop
// thread (default one hour).
long patience = 1000 * 60 * 60;
// If command line argument
// present, gives patience
// in seconds.
if (args.length > 0) {
try {
patience = Long.parseLong(args[0]) * 1000;
} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
System.err.println("Argument must be an integer.");
System.exit(1);
}
}
threadMessage("Starting MessageLoop thread");
long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();
Thread t = new Thread(new MessageLoop());
t.start();
threadMessage("Waiting for MessageLoop thread to finish");
// loop until MessageLoop
// thread exits
while (t.isAlive()) {
threadMessage("Still waiting...");
// Wait maximum of 1 second
// for MessageLoop thread
// to finish.
t.join(1000);
if (((System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime) > patience)
&& t.isAlive()) {
threadMessage("Tired of waiting!");
t.interrupt();
// Shouldn't be long now
// -- wait indefinitely
t.join();
}
}
threadMessage("Finally!");
}
}
class Counter {
private int c = 0;
public void increment() {
c++;
}
public void decrement() {
c--;
}
public int value() {
return c;
}
}
下面我们假设Thread A,B同时访问increment(),那么很可能发生如下的过程:
1、Thread A获得c的值,c=0public class SynchronizedCounter {
private int c = 0;
public synchronized void increment() {
c++;
}
public synchronized void decrement() {
c--;
}
public synchronized int value() {
return c;
}
}public class Deadlock {
static class Friend {
private final String name;
public Friend(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public synchronized void bow(Friend bower) {
System.out.format("%s: %s"
+ " has bowed to me!%n",
this.name, bower.getName());
bower.bowBack(this);
}
public synchronized void bowBack(Friend bower) {
System.out.format("%s: %s"
+ " has bowed back to me!%n",
this.name, bower.getName());
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Friend alphonse =
new Friend("Alphonse");
final Friend gaston =
new Friend("Gaston");
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() { alphonse.bow(gaston); }
}).start();
new Thread(new Runnable() {
public void run() { gaston.bow(alphonse); }
}).start();
}
}Drop对象。
//可以假设为生产线
public class Drop {
// Message sent from producer
// to consumer.
private String message;
// True if consumer should wait
// for producer to send message,
// false if producer should wait for
// consumer to retrieve message.
private boolean empty = true;
public synchronized String take() {
// Wait until message is
// available.
while (empty) {
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}
// Toggle status.
empty = true;
// Notify producer that
// status has changed.
notifyAll();
return message;
}
public synchronized void put(String message) {
// Wait until message has
// been retrieved.
while (!empty) {
try {
wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}
// Toggle status.
empty = false;
// Store message.
this.message = message;
// Notify consumer that status
// has changed.
notifyAll();
}
}
//生产者
import java.util.Random;
public class Producer implements Runnable {
private Drop drop;
public Producer(Drop drop) {
this.drop = drop;
}
public void run() {
String importantInfo[] = {
"Mares eat oats",
"Does eat oats",
"Little lambs eat ivy",
"A kid will eat ivy too"
};
Random random = new Random();
for (int i = 0;
i < importantInfo.length;
i++) {
drop.put(importantInfo[i]);
try {
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(5000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}
drop.put("DONE");
}
}
//消费者
import java.util.Random;
public class Consumer implements Runnable {
private Drop drop;
public Consumer(Drop drop) {
this.drop = drop;
}
public void run() {
Random random = new Random();
for (String message = drop.take();
! message.equals("DONE");
message = drop.take()) {
System.out.format("MESSAGE RECEIVED: %s%n", message);
try {
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(5000));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
}
}
}
//主线程
public class ProducerConsumerExample {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Drop drop = new Drop();
(new Thread(new Producer(drop))).start();
(new Thread(new Consumer(drop))).start();
}
}public class SynchronizedRGB {
// Values must be between 0 and 255.
private int red;
private int green;
private int blue;
private String name;
private void check(int red,
int green,
int blue) {
if (red < 0 || red > 255
|| green < 0 || green > 255
|| blue < 0 || blue > 255) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
}
public SynchronizedRGB(int red,
int green,
int blue,
String name) {
check(red, green, blue);
this.red = red;
this.green = green;
this.blue = blue;
this.name = name;
}
public void set(int red,
int green,
int blue,
String name) {
check(red, green, blue);
synchronized (this) {
this.red = red;
this.green = green;
this.blue = blue;
this.name = name;
}
}
public synchronized int getRGB() {
return ((red << 16) | (green << 8) | blue);
}
public synchronized String getName() {
return name;
}
public synchronized void invert() {
red = 255 - red;
green = 255 - green;
blue = 255 - blue;
name = "Inverse of " + name;
}
}SynchronizedRGB color =
new SynchronizedRGB(0, 0, 0, "Pitch Black");
...
int myColorInt = color.getRGB(); //Statement 1
String myColorName = color.getName(); //Statement 2final public class ImmutableRGB {
// Values must be between 0 and 255.
final private int red;
final private int green;
final private int blue;
final private String name;
private void check(int red,
int green,
int blue) {
if (red < 0 || red > 255
|| green < 0 || green > 255
|| blue < 0 || blue > 255) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException();
}
}
public ImmutableRGB(int red,
int green,
int blue,
String name) {
check(red, green, blue);
this.red = red;
this.green = green;
this.blue = blue;
this.name = name;
}
public int getRGB() {
return ((red << 16) | (green << 8) | blue);
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public ImmutableRGB invert() {
return new ImmutableRGB(255 - red,
255 - green,
255 - blue,
"Inverse of " + name);
}
}
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
import java.util.Random;
public class Safelock {
static class Friend {
private final String name;
private final Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
public Friend(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getName() {
return this.name;
}
public boolean impendingBow(Friend bower) {
Boolean myLock = false;
Boolean yourLock = false;
try {
myLock = lock.tryLock();
yourLock = bower.lock.tryLock();
} finally {
if (! (myLock && yourLock)) {
if (myLock) {
lock.unlock();
}
if (yourLock) {
bower.lock.unlock();
}
}
}
return myLock && yourLock;
}
public void bow(Friend bower) {
if (impendingBow(bower)) {
try {
System.out.format("%s: %s has"
+ " bowed to me!%n",
this.name, bower.getName());
bower.bowBack(this);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
bower.lock.unlock();
}
} else {
System.out.format("%s: %s started"
+ " to bow to me, but saw that"
+ " I was already bowing to"
+ " him.%n",
this.name, bower.getName());
}
}
public void bowBack(Friend bower) {
System.out.format("%s: %s has" +
" bowed back to me!%n",
this.name, bower.getName());
}
}
static class BowLoop implements Runnable {
private Friend bower;
private Friend bowee;
public BowLoop(Friend bower, Friend bowee) {
this.bower = bower;
this.bowee = bowee;
}
public void run() {
Random random = new Random();
for (;;) {
try {
Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(10));
} catch (InterruptedException e) {}
bowee.bow(bower);
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
final Friend alphonse =
new Friend("Alphonse");
final Friend gaston =
new Friend("Gaston");
new Thread(new BowLoop(alphonse, gaston)).start();
new Thread(new BowLoop(gaston, alphonse)).start();
}
}class Counter {
private int c = 0;
public void increment() {
c++;
}
public void decrement() {
c--;
}
public int value() {
return c;
}
}class SynchronizedCounter {
private int c = 0;
public synchronized void increment() {
c++;
}
public synchronized void decrement() {
c--;
}
public synchronized int value() {
return c;
}
}import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
class AtomicCounter {
private AtomicInteger c = new AtomicInteger(0);
public void increment() {
c.incrementAndGet();
}
public void decrement() {
c.decrementAndGet();
}
public int value() {
return c.get();
}
}标签:java
原文地址:http://blog.csdn.net/u010469003/article/details/42971249