最常用的Http请求无非是get和post,get请求可以获取静态页面,也可以把参数放在URL字串后面,传递给servlet,post与get的不同之处在于post的参数不是放在URL字串里面,而是放在http请求的正文内。
在Java中可以使用HttpURLConnection发起这两种请求,了解此类,对于了解soap,和编写servlet的自动测试代码都有很大的帮助。
下面的代码简单描述了如何使用HttpURLConnection发起这两种请求,以及传递参数的方法:
URL uri= new URL(url);
// 根据拼凑的URL,打开连接,URL.openConnection函数会根据URL的类型,
// 返回不同的URLConnection子类的对象,这里URL是一个http,因此实际返回的是HttpURLConnection
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) uri
.openConnection();
// 进行连接,但是实际上get request要在下一句的connection.getInputStream()函数中才会真正发到
// 服务器
connection.connect();
// 取得输入流,并使用Reader读取
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
connection.getInputStream()));
System.out.println("=============================");
System.out.println("Contents of get request");
System.out.println("=============================");
String lines;
while ((lines = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
System.out.println(lines);
}
reader.close();
// 断开连接
connection.disconnect();
System.out.println("=============================");
System.out.println("Contents of get request ends");
System.out.println("=============================");
}
public static void readContentFromPost() throws IOException
{
// Post请求的url,与get不同的是不需要带参数
URL postUrl = new URL(POST_URL);
// 打开连接
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl
.openConnection();
// Output to the connection. Default is
// false, set to true because post
// method must write something to the
// connection
// 设置是否向connection输出,因为这个是post请求,参数要放在
// http正文内,因此需要设为true
connection.setDoOutput(true);
// Read from the connection. Default is true.
connection.setDoInput(true);
// Set the post method. Default is GET
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
// Post cannot use caches
// Post 请求不能使用缓存
connection.setUseCaches(false);
// This method takes effects to
// every instances of this class.
// URLConnection.setFollowRedirects是static函数,作用于所有的URLConnection对象。
// connection.setFollowRedirects(true);
// This methods only
// takes effacts to this
// instance.
// URLConnection.setInstanceFollowRedirects是成员函数,仅作用于当前函数
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
// Set the content type to urlencoded,
// because we will write
// some URL-encoded content to the
// connection. Settings above must be set before connect!
// 配置本次连接的Content-type,配置为application/x-www-form-urlencoded的
// 意思是正文是urlencoded编码过的form参数,下面我们可以看到我们对正文内容使用URLEncoder.encode
// 进行编码
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
// 连接,从postUrl.openConnection()至此的配置必须要在connect之前完成,
// 要注意的是connection.getOutputStream会隐含的进行connect。
connection.connect();
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection
.getOutputStream());
// The URL-encoded contend
// 正文,正文内容其实跟get的URL中‘?‘后的参数字符串一致
String content = "firstname=" + URLEncoder.encode("一个大肥人", "utf-8");
// DataOutputStream.writeBytes将字符串中的16位的unicode字符以8位的字符形式写道流里面
out.writeBytes(content);
out.flush();
out.close(); // flush and close
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
connection.getInputStream()));
String line;
System.out.println("=============================");
System.out.println("Contents of post request");
System.out.println("=============================");
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
System.out.println(line);
}
System.out.println("=============================");
System.out.println("Contents of post request ends");
System.out.println("=============================");
reader.close();
connection.disconnect();
}
/** *//**
* @param args
*/
public static void main(String[] args)
{
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try
{
readContentFromGet();
readContentFromPost();
} catch (IOException e)
{
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void readContentFromChunkedPost() throws IOException
{
URL postUrl = new URL(POST_URL);
HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection) postUrl
.openConnection();
connection.setDoOutput(true);
connection.setDoInput(true);
connection.setRequestMethod("POST");
connection.setUseCaches(false);
connection.setInstanceFollowRedirects(true);
connection.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
/**//*
* 与readContentFromPost()最大的不同,设置了块大小为5字节
*/
connection.setChunkedStreamingMode(5);
connection.connect();
/**//*
* 注意,下面的getOutputStream函数工作方式于在readContentFromPost()里面的不同
* 在readContentFromPost()里面该函数仍在准备http request,没有向服务器发送任何数据
* 而在这里由于设置了ChunkedStreamingMode,getOutputStream函数会根据connect之前的配置
* 生成http request头,先发送到服务器。
*/
DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(connection
.getOutputStream());
String params = "account=" + ((UserModel) baseModel).getUserName() + "&password="
+ ((UserModel) baseModel).getPassWord();
outputStream.write(params.getBytes());
out.flush();
out.close(); // 到此时服务器已经收到了完整的http request了,而在readContentFromPost()函数里,要等到下一句服务器才能收到http请求。
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(
connection.getInputStream()));
out.flush();
out.close(); // flush and close
String line;
System.out.println("=============================");
System.out.println("Contents of post request");
System.out.println("=============================");
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null)
{
System.out.println(line);
}
System.out.println("=============================");
System.out.println("Contents of post request ends");
System.out.println("=============================");
reader.close();
connection.disconnect();
}