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一、命名参数规范+匿名对象
1 routes.MapRoute(name: "Default",
2 url: "{controller}/{action}/{id}",
3 defaults: new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } );
构造路由然后添加
1 Route myRoute = new Route("{controller}/{action}", new MvcRouteHandler());
2 routes.Add("MyRoute", myRoute);
二、直接方法重载+匿名对象
1 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" });
个人觉得第一种比较易懂，第二种方便调试，第三种写起来比较效率吧。各取所需吧。本文行文偏向于第三种。
1.默认路由(MVC自带)
1 routes.MapRoute(
2 "Default", // 路由名称
3 "{controller}/{action}/{id}", // 带有参数的 URL
4 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional } // 参数默认值
2.静态URL段
1 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
2 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema", "Shop/{action}", new { controller = "Home" });
3 routes.MapRoute("ShopSchema2", "Shop/OldAction.js",
4 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" });
没有占位符路由就是现成的写死的。
比如这样写然后去访问http://localhost:XXX/Shop/OldAction.js，response也是完全没问题的。 controller , action , area这三个保留字就别设静态变量里面了。
3.自定义常规变量URL段
1 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute2", "{controller}/{action}/{id}", new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = "DefaultId" });
这种情况如果访问 /Home/Index 的话，因为第三段(id)没有值，根据路由规则这个参数会被设为DefaultId
这个用viewbag给title赋值就能很明显看出
1 ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
结果是标题显示为DefaultId， 注意要在控制器里面赋值，在视图赋值没法编译的。
4.再述默认路由
然后再回到默认路由。 UrlParameter.Optional这个叫可选URL段.路由里没有这个参数的话id为null。 照原文大致说法，这个可选URL段能用来实现一个关注点的分离。刚才在路由里直接设定参数默认值其实不是很好。照我的理解，实际参数是用户发来的，我们做的只是定义形式参数名。但是，如果硬要给参数赋默认值的话，建议用语法糖写到action参数里面。比如：
public ActionResult Index(string id = "abcd")
{
ViewBag.Title = RouteData.Values["id"];
return View();
}
5.可变长度路由
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
"{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional });
在这里id和最后一段都是可变的，所以 /Home/Index/dabdafdaf 等效于 /Home/Index//abcdefdjldfiaeahfoeiho 等效于 /Home/Index/All/Delete/Perm/.....
6.跨命名空间路由
这个提醒一下记得引用命名空间，开启IIS网站不然就是404。这个非常非主流，不建议瞎搞。
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
"{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers", "UrlsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
但是这样写的话数组排名不分先后的，如果有多个匹配的路由会报错。 然后作者提出了一种改进写法。
routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute",
"Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
"{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
这样第一个URL段不是Home的都交给第二个处理 最后还可以设定这个路由找不到的话就不给后面的路由留后路啦，也就不再往下找啦。
1 Route myRoute = routes.MapRoute("AddContollerRoute",
2 "Home/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
3 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
4 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" }); myRoute.DataTokens["UseNamespaceFallback"] = false;
7.正则表达式匹配路由
1 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute",
2 "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
3 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
4 new { controller = "^H.*"},
5 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});
约束多个URL
routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
new { controller = "^H.*", action = "^Index$|^About___FCKpd___13quot;},
new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers"});
8.指定请求方法
1 routes.MapRoute("MyRoute", "{controller}/{action}/{id}/{*catchall}",
2 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index", id = UrlParameter.Optional },
3 new { controller = "^H.*", action = "Index|About", httpMethod = new HttpMethodConstraint("GET") },
4 new[] { "URLsAndRoutes.Controllers" });
9.最后还是不爽的话自己写个类实现 IRouteConstraint的匹配方法。
1 using System;
2 using System.Collections.Generic;
3 using System.Linq;
4 using System.Web;
5 using System.Web.Routing;
6 /// <summary>
7 /// If the standard constraints are not sufficient for your needs, you can define your own custom constraints by implementing the IRouteConstraint interface.
8 /// </summary>
9 public class UserAgentConstraint : IRouteConstraint
10 {
11
12 private string requiredUserAgent;
13 public UserAgentConstraint(string agentParam)
14 {
15 requiredUserAgent = agentParam;
16 }
17 public bool Match(HttpContextBase httpContext, Route route, string parameterName,
18 RouteValueDictionary values, RouteDirection routeDirection)
19 {
20 return httpContext.Request.UserAgent != null &&
21 httpContext.Request.UserAgent.Contains(requiredUserAgent);
22 }
23 }
1 routes.MapRoute("ChromeRoute", "{*catchall}",
2
3 new { controller = "Home", action = "Index" },
4
5 new { customConstraint = new UserAgentConstraint("Chrome") },
6
7 new[] { "UrlsAndRoutes.AdditionalControllers" });
比如这个就用来匹配是否是用谷歌浏览器访问网页的。
10.访问本地文档
1 routes.RouteExistingFiles = true;
2
3 routes.MapRoute("DiskFile", "Content/StaticContent.html", new { controller = "Customer", action = "List", });
浏览网站，以开启 IIS Express，然后点显示所有应用程序-点击网站名称-配置(applicationhost.config)-搜索UrlRoutingModule节点
1 <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="managedHandler,runtimeVersionv4.0" />
把这个节点里的preCondition删除，变成
1 <add name="UrlRoutingModule-4.0" type="System.Web.Routing.UrlRoutingModule" preCondition="" />
11.直接访问本地资源，绕过了路由系统
1 routes.IgnoreRoute("Content/{filename}.html");
文件名还可以用 {filename}占位符。
IgnoreRoute方法是RouteCollection里面StopRoutingHandler类的一个实例。路由系统通过硬-编码识别这个Handler。如果这个规则匹配的话，后面的规则都无效了。 这也就是默认的路由里面routes.IgnoreRoute("{resource}.axd/{*pathInfo}");写最前面的原因。
三、路由测试(在测试项目的基础上，要装moq)
1 PM> Install-Package Moq
1 using System;
2 using Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting;
3 using System.Web;
4 using Moq;
5 using System.Web.Routing;
6 using System.Reflection;
7 [TestClass]
8 public class RoutesTest
9 {
10 private HttpContextBase CreateHttpContext(string targetUrl = null, string HttpMethod = "GET")
11 {
12 // create the mock request
13 Mock<HttpRequestBase> mockRequest = new Mock<HttpRequestBase>();
14 mockRequest.Setup(m => m.AppRelativeCurrentExecutionFilePath)
15 .Returns(targetUrl);
16 mockRequest.Setup(m => m.HttpMethod).Returns(HttpMethod);
17 // create the mock response
18 Mock<HttpResponseBase> mockResponse = new Mock<HttpResponseBase>();
19 mockResponse.Setup(m => m.ApplyAppPathModifier(
20 It.IsAny<string>())).Returns<string>(s => s);
21 // create the mock context, using the request and response
22 Mock<HttpContextBase> mockContext = new Mock<HttpContextBase>();
23 mockContext.Setup(m => m.Request).Returns(mockRequest.Object);
24 mockContext.Setup(m => m.Response).Returns(mockResponse.Object);
25 // return the mocked context
26 return mockContext.Object;
27 }
28
29 private void TestRouteMatch(string url, string controller, string action, object routeProperties = null, string httpMethod = "GET")
30 {
31 // Arrange
32 RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection();
33 RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);
34 // Act - process the route
35 RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url, httpMethod));
36 // Assert
37 Assert.IsNotNull(result);
38 Assert.IsTrue(TestIncomingRouteResult(result, controller, action, routeProperties));
39 }
40
41 private bool TestIncomingRouteResult(RouteData routeResult, string controller, string action, object propertySet = null)
42 {
43 Func<object, object, bool> valCompare = (v1, v2) =>
44 {
45 return StringComparer.InvariantCultureIgnoreCase
46 .Compare(v1, v2) == 0;
47 };
48 bool result = valCompare(routeResult.Values["controller"], controller)
49 && valCompare(routeResult.Values["action"], action);
50 if (propertySet != null)
51 {
52 PropertyInfo[] propInfo = propertySet.GetType().GetProperties();
53 foreach (PropertyInfo pi in propInfo)
54 {
55 if (!(routeResult.Values.ContainsKey(pi.Name)
56 && valCompare(routeResult.Values[pi.Name],
57 pi.GetValue(propertySet, null))))
58 {
59 result = false;
60 break;
61 }
62 }
63 }
64 return result;
65 }
66
67 private void TestRouteFail(string url)
68 {
69 // Arrange
70 RouteCollection routes = new RouteCollection();
71 RouteConfig.RegisterRoutes(routes);
72 // Act - process the route
73 RouteData result = routes.GetRouteData(CreateHttpContext(url));
74 // Assert
75 Assert.IsTrue(result == null || result.Route == null);
76 }
77
78 [TestMethod]
79 public void TestIncomingRoutes()
80 {
81 // check for the URL that we hope to receive
82 TestRouteMatch("~/Admin/Index", "Admin", "Index");
83 // check that the values are being obtained from the segments
84 TestRouteMatch("~/One/Two", "One", "Two");
85 // ensure that too many or too few segments fails to match
86 TestRouteFail("~/Admin/Index/Segment");//失败
87 TestRouteFail("~/Admin");//失败
88 TestRouteMatch("~/", "Home", "Index");
89 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer", "Customer", "Index");
90 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List", "Customer", "List");
91 TestRouteFail("~/Customer/List/All");//失败
92 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All" });
93 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete" });
94 TestRouteMatch("~/Customer/List/All/Delete/Perm", "Customer", "List", new { id = "All", catchall = "Delete/Perm" });
95 }
96
97
98
99 }
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangzhixiong/p/4267350.html
