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技术细节参见Linux网络设置高级指南
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#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-"""网络设置脚本在debian wheezy环境下测试通过依赖命令：ip, iw, wpa_supplicant, wpa_cli, dhclient注意：- /etc/network/interfaces里面仅保留lo设备配置- 与Gnome Network Manager/Wicd是否冲突未知"""__author__ = ‘M@llon‘__version__ = ‘‘import osimport sysimport tracebackimport netdef test(v): test.result = v return vdef select_interface(interfaces): """ 选择一个已知接口 返回接口名 直接回车返回空字符串 """ while True: name = input(‘Enter interface name: ‘) if name == ‘‘ or name in interfaces: return namedef connect_wireless(interface_name): """ 连接无线 """ ssid = None while True: ssid = input(‘Enter SSID, RETURN for scanning: ‘) if not ssid: for s in net.get_ssids(interface_name): print(s) else: break sec = input(‘Select security method Open/WEP/WPA [0,1,2]: ‘) if sec == ‘0‘: net.connect_wireless(interface_name, ssid) elif sec == ‘1‘: keys = input(‘Enter comma separated keys: ‘).split(‘,‘) net.connect_wireless_with_wep(interface_name, ssid, keys) elif sec == ‘2‘: key = input(‘Enter key: ‘) net.connect_wireless_with_wpa(interface_name, ssid, key)def setup_ip_gateway_dns(interface_name): """ 手工设置IP地址、默认网关和DNS """ if test(input(‘Enter comma separated ip addresses: ‘)): ip_addresses = test.result.split(‘,‘) net.set_ip_addresses(interface_name, ip_addresses) if test(input(‘Enter gateway address: ‘)): ip_address = test.result net.set_default_route(interface_name, ip_address) if test(input(‘Enter comma separated dns addresses: ‘)): name_servers = test.result.split(‘,‘) net.set_name_servers(name_servers)if __name__ == ‘__main__‘: # 提升到root权限 if os.geteuid(): args = [sys.executable] + sys.argv # 下面两种写法，一种使用su，一种使用sudo，都可以 #os.execlp(‘su‘, ‘su‘, ‘-c‘, ‘ ‘.join(args)) os.execlp(‘sudo‘, ‘sudo‘, *args) # 显示根菜单 while True: try: interfaces = net.get_interfaces() os.system(‘clear‘) net.print_state(interfaces, net.get_default_route(), net.get_name_servers()) except Exception as ex: traceback.print_exc() break print(‘Root Menu:‘) print(‘ 0 - Quit‘) print(‘ 1 - cleanup all settings‘) print(‘ 2 - enable interface‘) print(‘ 3 - disable interface‘) print(‘ 4 - connect interface‘) print(‘ 5 - disconnect interface‘) print(‘ 6 - setup ip, gateway and dns using dhcp‘) print(‘ 7 - setup ip, gateway and dns manually‘) print(‘ 8 - load preset‘) print() try: choice = input(‘Enter your choice: ‘) if choice == ‘0‘: break elif choice == ‘1‘: if input(‘Are you sure? [y/n]: ‘).lower() == ‘y‘: net.cleanup_all(interfaces) elif choice in (‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘) and test(select_interface(interfaces)): name = test.result if choice == ‘2‘: if not interfaces[name][‘enabled‘]: net.enable_interface(name) elif choice == ‘3‘: if interfaces[name][‘enabled‘]: if interfaces[name][‘connected‘] and interfaces[name][‘wireless‘]: net.disconnect_wireless(name) net.disable_interface(name) elif choice == ‘4‘: if interfaces[name][‘enabled‘] and interfaces[name][‘wireless‘] and ( not interfaces[name][‘connected‘]): connect_wireless(name) elif choice == ‘5‘: if interfaces[name][‘connected‘] and interfaces[name][‘wireless‘]: net.disconnect_wireless(name) elif choice == ‘6‘: if interfaces[name][‘connected‘]: net.set_dhcp(name) elif choice == ‘7‘: setup_ip_gateway_dns(name) except KeyboardInterrupt as ex: print() break except Exception as ex: traceback.print_exc() input(‘Press any key to continue...‘) |
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#!/usr/bin/env python3# -*- coding: UTF-8 -*-"""常用网络命令的python封装"""__author__ = ‘M@llon‘__version__ = ‘‘import osimport redef test(v): test.result = v return vdef get_interfaces(): """ 获取所有网络接口信息 遇到任何错误均抛出异常 """ interfaces = dict() # 获取接口名、索引号、启停状态、连接状态、硬件地址、IPv4地址 for line in os.popen(‘ip -o addr show‘): if test(re.match(‘^(\d+):\s+(\w+):\s+<(.+?)>\s+.+?state\s+(\w+)\s+.+?link/(\w+)\s+(\S+)\s+.+?\n$‘, line)): m = test.result # 这些标记的含义参见“/linux/if.h”中的“IFF_...”宏 flags = m.group(3).split(‘,‘) # 去掉回环接口 if ‘LOOPBACK‘ in flags: continue interfaces[m.group(2)] = { ‘index‘: int(m.group(1)), ‘enabled‘: ‘UP‘ in flags, ‘connected‘: {‘UP‘: True, ‘DOWN‘: False}.get(m.group(4)), ‘hardware_address‘: m.group(6), ‘wireless‘: False, ‘ip_addresses‘: list() } elif test(re.match(‘^\d+:\s+(\w+)\s+inet\s+(\S+)\s+.+?\n$‘, line)): m = test.result name = m.group(1) interface = interfaces.get(name) if not interface: # 此处就排除了上面去掉的接口，例如loopback接口 continue interface[‘ip_addresses‘].append(m.group(2)) # 获取无线类型的接口 for line in os.popen(‘iw dev‘): if test(re.match(‘^\s+Interface\s+(\w+)\s*?\n$‘, line)): # 接口是否为wireless interfaces[test.result.group(1)][‘wireless‘] = True # 获取无线类型的接口的连接信息 for name in interfaces: interface = interfaces[name] if interface[‘wireless‘]: for line in os.popen(‘iw dev %s link‘ % name): # 此处也可以通过“Connected ...”行判断是否已连接，但是上面已经判断了 if test(re.match(‘^\s+SSID:\s+(\S+)\s*?\n$‘, line)): # 获取SSID interface[‘ssid‘] = test.result.group(1) return interfacesdef get_default_route(): """ 获取默认路由信息 """ default_route = None for line in os.popen(‘ip route show‘): if test(re.match(‘^\s*default\s+via\s+(\S+)\s+dev\s+(\S+)\s*\n$‘, line)): m = test.result default_route = { ‘ip_address‘: m.group(1), ‘interface_name‘: m.group(2) } break return default_routedef get_name_servers(): """ 获取域名服务器IP地址列表 """ name_servers = list() for line in open(‘/etc/resolv.conf‘): if test(re.match(‘^\s*nameserver\s+(\S+)\s*\n$‘, line)): name_servers.append(test.result.group(1)) return name_serversdef print_state(interfaces, default_route, name_servers): """ 打印所有网络接口、路由以及DNS信息 """ # 网络接口 print(‘Network Interfaces:‘) print(‘ %10s %8s %17s %s‘ % ( ‘name‘, ‘type‘, ‘mac address‘, ‘state‘, )) print(‘ ---------- -------- ----------------- -----‘) for name in interfaces: interface = interfaces[name] state = list() if interface[‘enabled‘]: state.append(‘enabled‘) if interface[‘connected‘]: state.append(‘connected‘) if test(interface.get(‘ssid‘)): state.append(‘ssid:%s‘ % test.result) if len(interface[‘ip_addresses‘]): state.append(‘ip:%s‘ % ‘,‘.join(interface[‘ip_addresses‘])) print(‘ %10s %8s %17s %s‘ % ( name, ‘wireless‘ if interface[‘wireless‘] else ‘wired‘, interface[‘hardware_address‘], ‘, ‘.join(state) if len(state) else ‘N/A‘ )) print() # 默认路由 print(‘Default Gateway:‘) if default_route: print(‘ ---> %s ---> %s‘ % (default_route[‘interface_name‘], default_route[‘ip_address‘])) else: print(‘ N/A‘) print() # DNS print(‘DNS:‘) if len(name_servers): print(‘ %s‘ % ‘, ‘.join(name_servers)) else: print(‘ N/A‘) print()def cleanup_all(interfaces): """ 清理网络接口所有的设置、默认路由以及DNS """ # 结束“supplicant”进程 os.system(‘killall wpa_supplicant‘) # 禁用所有网络接口，删除所有IP地址以及路由 for name in interfaces: os.system(‘ip link set %s down‘ % name) os.system(‘ip addr flush %s‘ % name) # 删除所有DNS地址 open(‘/etc/resolv.conf‘, ‘w‘).close()def enable_interface(interface_name): """ 启用网络接口 """ os.system(‘ip link set %s up‘ % interface_name)def disable_interface(interface_name): """ 禁用网络接口 """ os.system(‘ip link set %s down‘ % interface_name)def get_ssids(interface_name): """ 扫描SSID """ ssids = list() for line in os.popen(‘iw dev %s scan‘ % interface_name): if test(re.match(‘^\s+SSID:\s+(\S+)\s*?\n$‘, line)): ssids.append(test.result.group(1)) return ssidsdef connect_wireless(interface_name, ssid): """ 连接非加密的无线网 """ os.system(‘iw dev %s connect -w %s‘ % (interface_name, ssid))def connect_wireless_with_wep(interface_name, ssid, keys): """ 连接WEP加密的无线网 """ os.system(‘iw dev %s connect -w %s key %s‘ % (interface_name, ssid, ‘ ‘.join(keys)))def connect_wireless_with_wpa(interface_name, ssid, key): """ 连接WPA加密的无线网 """ os.system( ‘wpa_supplicant -i %s -D nl80211,wext -s -B -P /var/run/wpa_supplicant.%s.pid -C /var/run/wpa_supplicant‘ % ( interface_name, interface_name )) os.system(‘wpa_cli -i %s add_network‘ % interface_name) os.system(‘wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 ssid \‘"%s"\‘‘ % (interface_name, ssid)) os.system(‘wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 key_mgmt WPA-PSK‘ % interface_name) os.system(‘wpa_cli -i %s set_network 0 psk \‘"%s"\‘‘ % (interface_name, key)) os.system(‘wpa_cli -i %s enable_network 0‘ % interface_name)def disconnect_wireless(interface_name): """ 关闭无线连接 """ pattern = ‘^\s*\S+\s+(\S+)\s+.+?wpa_supplicant.%s.pid.+?\n$‘ % interface_name for line in os.popen(‘ps aux‘): if test(re.match(pattern, line)): pid = test.result.group(1) os.system(‘kill -9 %s‘ % pid) os.system(‘iw dev %s disconnect‘ % interface_name)def set_dhcp(interface_name): """ 使用DHCP设置接口 """ os.system(‘dhclient -r %s‘ % interface_name) os.system(‘dhclient %s‘ % interface_name)def set_ip_addresses(interface_name, ip_addresses): """ 设置某网络接口的IP地址 """ os.system(‘ip addr flush %s‘ % interface_name) for ip_address in ip_addresses: os.system(‘ip addr add %s dev %s‘ % (ip_address, interface_name))def set_default_route(interface_name, ip_address): """ 设置默认路由 """ os.system(‘ip route del default‘) os.system(‘ip route add default via %s dev %s‘ % (ip_address, interface_name))def set_name_servers(name_servers): """ 设置域名服务器地址 """ with open(‘/etc/resolv.conf‘, ‘w‘) as fp: for name_server in name_servers: fp.write(‘nameserver %s%s‘ % (name_server, os.linesep)) |
Python编写的Linux网络设置脚本，Debian Wheezy上测试通过
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原文地址：http://www.cnblogs.com/zhangzl/p/4286665.html
