Maria数据库的操作使用与Mysql基本相同
一、配置
安装maria数据库
[root@clz ~]# yum install mariadb\* -y
启动mariadb服务:
[root@clz ~]# systemctl start mariadb
防火墙添加mysql服务:
[root@clz ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --permanent
修改配置文件/etc//my.cnf文件,添加以下编解内容:
character-set-server=utf8
数据库文件存储位置:
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
二、管理数据库
查看数据库:
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
查看当前数据库:
MariaDB [(none)]> select database();
查看当前用户:
MariaDB [(none)]> select user();
查看数据库当前的所有属性信息:
MariaDB [(none)]> status
进入数据库:
MariaDB [(none)]> use school;
显示表:
MariaDB [school]> show tables;
创建表:
MariaDB [school]> create table teacher(id int,name varchar(10),gender varchar(5) )
查看表结构:
MariaDB [school]> desc teacher;
查询和插入表数据:
MariaDB [school]> select * from teacher;
MariaDB [school]> insert into teacher values(‘1‘,‘lisi‘,‘male‘);
清空表内容:
MariaDB [school]> truncate table teacher;
添加列:
MariaDB [school]> alter table teacher add department varchar(20) [first|after column];
删除列:
MariaDB [school]> alter table teacher drop department;
外和内连接:
MariaDB [school]> select * from teacher join student using(id);
MariaDB [school]> select * from teacher inner join student where a.id=b.id;
三、配置数据库
用户管理:
MariaDB [(none)]> use mysql;
MariaDB [mysql]> desc users;
MariaDB [mysql]> select host,user,password from user;
给用户root设置密码的方法:
1、
[root@clz ~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password ‘redhat‘
2、
MariaDB [(none)]> set password=password(‘redhat‘);
3、
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=password(‘redhat‘) where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
忘记root密码重新设置密码,使用以下2种方式重新修改密码:
1、修改my.cnf文件,加入以下语句:
skip-grant-tables
直接进入数据库无需密码,然后执行以下修改密码的命令:
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=password(‘redhat‘) where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
2、使用mysqld-safe命令修改密码
先停止mysqld服务,再修改密码:
[root@clz ~]# systemctl stop mariadb.service [root@clz ~]# mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables
MariaDB [(none)]> update mysql.user set password=password(‘redhat‘) where user=‘root‘ and host=‘localhost‘;
MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
创建普通用户并设置密码:
MariaDB [(none)]> create user redhat@‘localhost‘; MariaDB [(none)]> create user redhat@‘%‘;任意主机
MariaDB [(none)]> set password for redhat@‘localhost‘=password(‘redhat‘);
给用户设置权限:
查看用户的权限:
MariaDB [(none)]> show grants for redhat;
查看系统的所有权限:
MariaDB [(none)]> show privileges;
授权给用户:
MariaDB [(none)]> grant create,insert,drop,update on school.* to redhat@‘%‘ identified by ‘redhat‘;
回收权限:
MariaDB [(none)]> revoke drop,update on school.* from redhat;
四、数据库的备份与恢复
冷备份:停机备份数据库文件;
热备份:
使用mysqldump命令备份:
[root@clz ~]# mysqldump -u root -p school teacher student> /mysql_backup/teacher.sql
备份整个数据库表,后面则不需要指定任何表:
[root@clz ~]# mysqldump -u root -p school> /mysql_backup/all_tables.sql
备份整个数据库:
[root@clz ~]# mysqldump -u root -p -B school> /mysql_backup/all.sql
进入库恢复表或者恢复表:
MariaDB [school]> source /mysql_backup/teacher.sql;
[root@clz ~]# mysql -u root -p‘redhat‘ < /mysql_backup/all.sql
将表数据保存到文件,修改备份目录的属主属组信息:
[root@clz ~]# setfacl -m u:mysql:rwx /mysql_backup/
MariaDB [school]> select * from teacher into outfile ‘/mysql_backup/teacher_data‘fields terminated by ‘,‘;
根据外部文件恢复表数据:
MariaDB [school]> load data infile ‘/mysql_backup/teacher_data‘ into table teacher fields terminated by ‘,‘;
mysqldump不能做增量备份:
本文出自 “平凡之路” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://linjohn.blog.51cto.com/1026193/1614089
原文地址:http://linjohn.blog.51cto.com/1026193/1614089