继续并发，上篇博客对于ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor没有进行介绍，说过会和Timer一直单独写一篇Blog.
1、Timer管理延时任务的缺陷
a、以前在项目中也经常使用定时器，比如每隔一段时间清理项目中的一些垃圾文件，每个一段时间进行数据清洗；然而Timer是存在一些缺陷的，因为Timer在执行定时任务时只会创建一个线程，所以如果存在多个任务，且任务时间过长，超过了两个任务的间隔时间，会发生一些缺陷：下面看例子：
Timer的源码：
public class Timer {
/**
* The timer task queue. This data structure is shared with the timer
* thread. The timer produces tasks, via its various schedule calls,
* and the timer thread consumes, executing timer tasks as appropriate,
* and removing them from the queue when they're obsolete.
*/
private TaskQueue queue = new TaskQueue();
/**
* The timer thread.
*/
private TimerThread thread = new TimerThread(queue);package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class TimerTest
{
private static long start;
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception
{
TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
try
{
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (InterruptedException e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}
};
Timer timer = new Timer();
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
timer.schedule(task1, 1000);
timer.schedule(task2, 3000);
}
}
task1 invoked ! 1000 task2 invoked ! 4000task2实际上是4后才执行，正因为Timer内部是一个线程，而任务1所需的时间超过了两个任务间的间隔导致。下面使用ScheduledThreadPool解决这个问题：
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolExecutorTest
{
private static long start;
public static void main(String[] args)
{
/**
* 使用工厂方法初始化一个ScheduledThreadPool
*/
ScheduledExecutorService newScheduledThreadPool = Executors
.newScheduledThreadPool(2);
TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
try
{
System.out.println("task1 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
Thread.sleep(3000);
} catch (Exception e)
{
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
};
TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked ! "
+ (System.currentTimeMillis() - start));
}
};
start = System.currentTimeMillis();
newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task1, 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
newScheduledThreadPool.schedule(task2, 3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
task1 invoked ! 1001 task2 invoked ! 3001符合我们的预期结果。因为ScheduledThreadPool内部是个线程池，所以可以支持多个任务并发执行。
2、Timer当任务抛出异常时的缺陷
如果TimerTask抛出RuntimeException，Timer会停止所有任务的运行：
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
throw new RuntimeException();
}
};
final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked!");
}
};
Timer timer = new Timer();
timer.schedule(task1, 100);
timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, new Date(), 1000);
}
}
task2 invoked! Exception in thread "Timer-0" java.lang.RuntimeException at com.zhy.concurrency.timer.ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01$1.run(ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01.java:24) at java.util.TimerThread.mainLoop(Timer.java:512) at java.util.TimerThread.run(Timer.java:462)
package com.zhy.concurrency.timer;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Timer;
import java.util.TimerTask;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
public class ScheduledThreadPoolDemo01
{
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException
{
final TimerTask task1 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
throw new RuntimeException();
}
};
final TimerTask task2 = new TimerTask()
{
@Override
public void run()
{
System.out.println("task2 invoked!");
}
};
ScheduledExecutorService pool = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(1);
pool.schedule(task1, 100, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
pool.scheduleAtFixedRate(task2, 0 , 1000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
}
task2 invoked! task2 invoked! task2 invoked! task2 invoked! task2 invoked!<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">...</span>
Timer执行周期任务时依赖系统时间，如果当前系统时间发生变化会出现一些执行上的变化，ScheduledExecutorService基于时间的延迟，不会由于系统时间的改变发生执行变化。
上述，基本说明了在以后的开发中尽可能使用ScheduledExecutorService(JDK1.5以后)替代Timer。
好了，如果博客中存在错误，请留言指出~
Java 并发专题 ： Timer的缺陷 用ScheduledExecutorService替代,布布扣,bubuko.com
Java 并发专题 ： Timer的缺陷 用ScheduledExecutorService替代
原文地址：http://blog.csdn.net/lmj623565791/article/details/27109467
