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参照上文的demo,我们结合源码分析在简单的API调用的背后,到底使用了什么技巧来实现各个模块的依赖加载以及模块API的导出。
首先定义了一个Module类,对应与一个模块
function Module(uri, deps) { this.uri = uri this.dependencies = deps || [] this.exports = null this.status = 0 // Who depends on me this._waitings = {} // The number of unloaded dependencies this._remain = 0 }
var STATUS = Module.STATUS = { // 1 - The `module.uri` is being fetched FETCHING: 1, // 2 - The meta data has been saved to cachedMods SAVED: 2, // 3 - The `module.dependencies` are being loaded LOADING: 3, // 4 - The module are ready to execute LOADED: 4, // 5 - The module is being executed EXECUTING: 5, // 6 - The `module.exports` is available EXECUTED: 6 }
上述为状态对象,记录模块的当前状态:模块初始化状态为0,当加载该模块时,为状态fetching;模块加载完毕并且缓存在cacheMods后,为状态saved;loading状态意味着正在加载该模块的其他依赖模块;loaded表示所有依赖模块加载完毕,执行该模块的回调函数,并设置依赖该模块的其他模块是否还有依赖模块未加载,若加载完毕执行回调函数;executing状态表示该模块正在执行;executed则是执行完毕,可以使用exports的API。
commonJS规范规定用define函数来定义一个模块。define可以接受1,2,3个参数均可,不过对于Module/wrappings规范而言,module.declare或者define函数只能接受一个参数,即工厂函数或者对象。不过原则上接受参数的个数并没有本质上的区别,只不过库在后台给额外添加模块名。
seajs鼓励使用define(function(require,exports,module){})这种模块定义方式,这是典型的Module/wrappings规范实现。但是在后台通过解析工厂函数的require方法来获取依赖模块并给模块设置id和url。
// Define a module Module.define = function (id, deps, factory) { var argsLen = arguments.length // define(factory) if (argsLen === 1) { factory = id id = undefined } else if (argsLen === 2) { factory = deps // define(deps, factory) if (isArray(id)) { deps = id id = undefined } // define(id, factory) else { deps = undefined } } // Parse dependencies according to the module factory code // 如果deps为非数组,则序列化工厂函数获取入参。 if (!isArray(deps) && isFunction(factory)) { deps = parseDependencies(factory.toString()) } var meta = { id: id, uri: Module.resolve(id), // 绝对url deps: deps, factory: factory } // Try to derive uri in IE6-9 for anonymous modules // 导出匿名模块的uri if (!meta.uri && doc.attachEvent) { var script = getCurrentScript() if (script) { meta.uri = script.src } // NOTE: If the id-deriving methods above is failed, then falls back // to use onload event to get the uri } // Emit `define` event, used in nocache plugin, seajs node version etc emit("define", meta) meta.uri ? Module.save(meta.uri, meta) : // Save information for "saving" work in the script onload event anonymousMeta = meta }
模块定义的最后,通过Module.save方法,将模块保存到cachedMods缓存体中。
parseDependencies方法比较巧妙的获取依赖模块。他通过函数的字符串表示,使用正则来获取require(“…”)中的模块名。
var REQUIRE_RE = /"(?:\\"|[^"])*"|‘(?:\\‘|[^‘])*‘|\/\*[\S\s]*?\*\/|\/(?:\\\/|[^\/\r\n])+\/(?=[^\/])|\/\/.*|\.\s*require|(?:^|[^$])\brequire\s*\(\s*(["‘])(.+?)\1\s*\)/g var SLASH_RE = /\\\\/g function parseDependencies(code) { var ret = [] // 此处使用函数序列化(传入的factory)进行字符串匹配,寻找require(“...”)的关键字 code.replace(SLASH_RE, "") .replace(REQUIRE_RE, function(m, m1, m2) { if (m2) { ret.push(m2) } }) return ret }
加载模块可以有多种方式,xhr方式可以同步加载,也可以异步加载,但是存在同源问题,因此难以在此使用。另外script tag方式在IE和现代浏览器下可以保证并行加载和顺序执行,script element方式也可以保证并行加载但不保证顺序执行,因此这两种方式都可以使用。
在seajs中,是采用script element方式来并行加载js/css资源的,并针对旧版本的webkit浏览器加载css做了hack。
function request(url, callback, charset) { var isCSS = IS_CSS_RE.test(url) var node = doc.createElement(isCSS ? "link" : "script") if (charset) { var cs = isFunction(charset) ? charset(url) : charset if (cs) { node.charset = cs } } // 添加 onload 函数。 addOnload(node, callback, isCSS, url) if (isCSS) { node.rel = "stylesheet" node.href = url } else { node.async = true node.src = url } // For some cache cases in IE 6-8, the script executes IMMEDIATELY after // the end of the insert execution, so use `currentlyAddingScript` to // hold current node, for deriving url in `define` call currentlyAddingScript = node // ref: #185 & http://dev.jquery.com/ticket/2709 baseElement ? head.insertBefore(node, baseElement) : head.appendChild(node) currentlyAddingScript = null } function addOnload(node, callback, isCSS, url) { var supportOnload = "onload" in node // for Old WebKit and Old Firefox if (isCSS && (isOldWebKit || !supportOnload)) { setTimeout(function() { pollCss(node, callback) }, 1) // Begin after node insertion return } if (supportOnload) { node.onload = onload node.onerror = function() { emit("error", { uri: url, node: node }) onload() } } else { node.onreadystatechange = function() { if (/loaded|complete/.test(node.readyState)) { onload() } } } function onload() { // Ensure only run once and handle memory leak in IE node.onload = node.onerror = node.onreadystatechange = null // Remove the script to reduce memory leak if (!isCSS && !data.debug) { head.removeChild(node) } // Dereference the node node = null callback() } } // 针对 旧webkit和不支持onload的CSS节点判断加载完毕的方法 function pollCss(node, callback) { var sheet = node.sheet var isLoaded // for WebKit < 536 if (isOldWebKit) { if (sheet) { isLoaded = true } } // for Firefox < 9.0 else if (sheet) { try { if (sheet.cssRules) { isLoaded = true } } catch (ex) { // The value of `ex.name` is changed from "NS_ERROR_DOM_SECURITY_ERR" // to "SecurityError" since Firefox 13.0. But Firefox is less than 9.0 // in here, So it is ok to just rely on "NS_ERROR_DOM_SECURITY_ERR" if (ex.name === "NS_ERROR_DOM_SECURITY_ERR") { isLoaded = true } } } setTimeout(function() { if (isLoaded) { // Place callback here to give time for style rendering callback() } else { pollCss(node, callback) } }, 20) }
其中有些细节还需注意,当采用script element方法插入script节点时,尽量作为首个子节点插入到head中,这是由于一个难以发现的bug:
GLOBALEVAL WORKS INCORRECTLY IN IE6 IF THE CURRENT PAGE HAS <BASE HREF> TAG IN THE HEAD
// Fetch a module // 加载该模块,fetch函数中调用了seajs.request函数 Module.prototype.fetch = function(requestCache) { var mod = this var uri = mod.uri mod.status = STATUS.FETCHING // Emit `fetch` event for plugins such as combo plugin var emitData = { uri: uri } emit("fetch", emitData) var requestUri = emitData.requestUri || uri // Empty uri or a non-CMD module if (!requestUri || fetchedList[requestUri]) { mod.load() return } if (fetchingList[requestUri]) { callbackList[requestUri].push(mod) return } fetchingList[requestUri] = true callbackList[requestUri] = [mod] // Emit `request` event for plugins such as text plugin emit("request", emitData = { uri: uri, requestUri: requestUri, onRequest: onRequest, charset: data.charset }) if (!emitData.requested) { requestCache ? requestCache[emitData.requestUri] = sendRequest : sendRequest() } function sendRequest() { seajs.request(emitData.requestUri, emitData.onRequest, emitData.charset) } // 回调函数 function onRequest() { delete fetchingList[requestUri] fetchedList[requestUri] = true // Save meta data of anonymous module if (anonymousMeta) { Module.save(uri, anonymousMeta) anonymousMeta = null } // Call callbacks var m, mods = callbackList[requestUri] delete callbackList[requestUri] while ((m = mods.shift())) m.load() } }
其中seajs.request就是上节的request方法。onRequest作为回调函数,作用是加载该模块的其他依赖模块。
在下一节,将介绍模块之间依赖的加载以及模块的执行。
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原文地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/accordion/p/4303436.html