标签：mysqldump
今天就和大家聊聊mysqldump备份工具：
mysqldump
MySQL数据库自带的一款(逻辑)备份工具；
能够对数据库、表、触发器、存储过程、事件等备份；
备份的文件是可执行的sql语句纯文本文件中。
mysqldump engines
对MyISAM存储引擎进行温备，必须加参数--lock-all-tables
对InnoDB存储引擎进行热备，必须加参数--single-transaction
mysqldump usage
1、备份单个数据库和单个数据库下的某些表
mysqldump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
2、备份多个数据库
mysqldump [OPTIONS] --databases [OPTIONS] DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
3、备份所有数据库
mysqldump [OPTIONS] --all-databases [OPTIONS]
mysqldump的可选参数很多，这里只说比较常用的参数：
--master-data[=#]
该选项将binlog的位置和文件名追加到输出文件中； 该选项有三个可选值：0、1、2 0：不记录二进制日志文件及路位置 1：以CHANGE MASTER TO的方式记录位置，可用于恢复后直接启动从服务器 2：以CHANGE MASTER TO的方式记录位置，但默认被注释
--flush-logs
在开始dump之前刷新二进制日志
--single-transaction
适合InnoDB存储引擎(不适用MyISAM)，此选项与--lock-tables选择是互斥的，因为lock tables会使任何挂起的事务隐含提交；要想提交大表的话，应结合使用--quick选项 如果指定库中的表类型均为InnoDB，可使用--single-transaction自动热备 注意：--single-transaction不要和--lock-all-tables一起使用，--single-transaction会中实加锁
--lock-all-tables
提交请求锁定所有数据库中的所有表，以保证数据的一致性。这是一个全局读锁，并且自动关闭--single-transaction 和--lock-tables 选项。
--events
导出事件调度器
--triggers
导出触发器
--routines
导出存储过程以及自定义函数
mysqldump的备份策略：
完全备份 + 增量备份(相对于差异备份节约磁盘空间)
完全备份 + 差异备份（相对于增量备份恢复时间短）
概念
完全备份：备份全部数据库
增量备份：仅备份上次完全备份或增量备份以后变化的数据
差异备份：仅备份上次完全备份以来变化的数据
前面提过mysqldump对MyISAM存储引擎温备，对InnoDB存储引擎热备：
多种方式查看表的存储引擎：
方式一：
mysql> select TABLE_NAME,ENGINE from information_schema.tables where table_schema=‘数据库‘;
mysql> select TABLE_NAME,ENGINE from information_schema.tables where table_schema=‘mysql‘; +---------------------------+--------+ | TABLE_NAME | ENGINE | +---------------------------+--------+ | columns_priv | MyISAM | | db | MyISAM | | event | MyISAM | | func | MyISAM | | general_log | CSV | | help_category | MyISAM | | help_keyword | MyISAM | | help_relation | MyISAM | | help_topic | MyISAM | | host | MyISAM | | ndb_binlog_index | MyISAM | | plugin | MyISAM | | proc | MyISAM | | procs_priv | MyISAM | | proxies_priv | MyISAM | | servers | MyISAM | | slow_log | CSV | | tables_priv | MyISAM | | time_zone | MyISAM | | time_zone_leap_second | MyISAM | | time_zone_name | MyISAM | | time_zone_transition | MyISAM | | time_zone_transition_type | MyISAM | | user | MyISAM | +---------------------------+--------+
方式二：
mysql> show table status from 数据库 where name=‘表名‘;
mysql> show table status from mysql where name=‘user‘; +------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+-----------------------------+ | Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment | +------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+-----------------------------+ | user | MyISAM | 10 | Dynamic | 4 | 53 | 212 | 281474976710655 | 2048 | 0 | NULL | 2015-03-05 21:34:03 | 2015-03-05 21:34:04 | NULL | utf8_bin | NULL | | Users and global privileges | +------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+-----------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
方式三：
mysql> show create table 表名;
| user | CREATE TABLE `user` ( `Host` char(60) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘, `User` char(16) COLLATE utf8_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘, `Password` char(41) CHARACTER SET latin1 COLLATE latin1_bin NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘, `Select_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Insert_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Update_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Delete_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Create_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Drop_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Reload_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Shutdown_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Process_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `File_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Grant_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `References_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Index_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Alter_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Show_db_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Super_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Create_tmp_table_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Lock_tables_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Execute_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Repl_slave_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Repl_client_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Create_view_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Show_view_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Create_routine_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Alter_routine_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Create_user_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Event_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Trigger_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `Create_tablespace_priv` enum(‘N‘,‘Y‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘N‘, `ssl_type` enum(‘‘,‘ANY‘,‘X509‘,‘SPECIFIED‘) CHARACTER SET utf8 NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘‘, `ssl_cipher` blob NOT NULL, `x509_issuer` blob NOT NULL, `x509_subject` blob NOT NULL, `max_questions` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, `max_updates` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, `max_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, `max_user_connections` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT ‘0‘, `plugin` char(64) COLLATE utf8_bin DEFAULT ‘‘, `authentication_string` text COLLATE utf8_bin, PRIMARY KEY (`Host`,`User`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COLLATE=utf8_bin COMMENT=‘Users and global privileges‘ |
方式四：
# mysqlshow -uroot -p --status 数据库名字 表名(不加表名查看所有的)
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlshow -uroot -p --status mysql user; Enter password: Database: mysql Wildcard: user +------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+-----------------------------+ | Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment | +------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+-----------------------------+ | user | MyISAM | 10 | Dynamic | 4 | 53 | 212 | 281474976710655 | 2048 | 0 | | 2015-03-05 21:34:03 | 2015-03-05 21:34:04 | | utf8_bin | | | Users and global privileges | +------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-----------+----------+----------------+-----------------------------+
查看数据库所支持的存储引擎
mysql> show engines; +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ | Engine | Support | Comment | Transactions | XA | Savepoints | +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ | MRG_MYISAM | YES | Collection of identical MyISAM tables | NO | NO | NO | | InnoDB | DEFAULT | Supports transactions, row-level locking, and foreign keys | YES | YES | YES | | CSV | YES | CSV storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | BLACKHOLE | YES | /dev/null storage engine (anything you write to it disappears) | NO | NO | NO | | MyISAM | YES | MyISAM storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA | YES | Performance Schema | NO | NO | NO | | ARCHIVE | YES | Archive storage engine | NO | NO | NO | | MEMORY | YES | Hash based, stored in memory, useful for temporary tables | NO | NO | NO | +--------------------+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------+--------------+------+------------+ 8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
修改现有表的存储引擎
mysql> use mydb; Database changed mysql> show create table tutor; +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | tutor | CREATE TABLE `tutor` ( `TID` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `Tname` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, `Gender` char(10) DEFAULT NULL, `Age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> alter table tutor engine=innodb; Query OK, 9 rows affected (0.15 sec) Records: 9 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> show create table tutor; +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Table | Create Table | +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | tutor | CREATE TABLE `tutor` ( `TID` int(11) DEFAULT NULL, `Tname` char(20) DEFAULT NULL, `Gender` char(10) DEFAULT NULL, `Age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 | +-------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
基于二进制日志可以对MySQL数据库做完整性恢复
比如：
查看是否开启二进制日志
mysql> show global variables like ‘%log_bin%‘; +---------------------------------+-------+ | Variable_name | Value | +---------------------------------+-------+ | log_bin | ON | | log_bin_trust_function_creators | OFF | | sql_log_bin | ON | +---------------------------------+-------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
刷新二进制日志、查看当前使用的二进制日志文件和所处的偏移位Position
mysql> flush logs; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show master status; +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 107 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
向数据库插入数据、删除数据、建立授权用户
mysql> use mydb; mysql> show tables; +----------------+ | Tables_in_mydb | +----------------+ | tutor | +----------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into tutor values(10,‘huojianhua‘,‘M‘,32); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> insert into tutor values(11,‘luozhixiang‘,‘M‘,35); Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> delete from tutor where TID=10; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec) mysql> grant select on mydb.tutor to ‘zhengyansheng‘@‘192.168.10.15‘ identified by ‘password‘; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
再次查看二进制日志文件所处的偏移位Position
mysql> show master status; #Position发生变化 +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 313 | | | +------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
查看二进制日志事件信息(不能看到命令的执行时间)
mysql> show binlog events in ‘mysql-bin.000005‘; +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Log_name | Pos | Event_type | Server_id | End_log_pos | Info | +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | mysql-bin.000005 | 4 | Format_desc | 1 | 107 | Server ver: 5.5.35-log, Binlog ver: 4 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 107 | Query | 1 | 175 | BEGIN | | mysql-bin.000005 | 175 | Query | 1 | 286 | use `mydb`; insert into tutor values(10,‘huojianhua‘,‘M‘,32) | | mysql-bin.000005 | 286 | Xid | 1 | 313 | COMMIT /* xid=60 */ | | mysql-bin.000005 | 313 | Query | 1 | 381 | BEGIN | | mysql-bin.000005 | 381 | Query | 1 | 493 | use `mydb`; insert into tutor values(11,‘luozhixiang‘,‘M‘,35) | | mysql-bin.000005 | 493 | Xid | 1 | 520 | COMMIT /* xid=69 */ | | mysql-bin.000005 | 520 | Query | 1 | 588 | BEGIN | | mysql-bin.000005 | 588 | Query | 1 | 681 | use `mydb`; delete from tutor where TID=10 | | mysql-bin.000005 | 681 | Xid | 1 | 708 | COMMIT /* xid=71 */ | | mysql-bin.000005 | 708 | Query | 1 | 873 | use `mydb`; grant select on mydb.tutor to ‘zhengyansheng‘@‘192.168.10.15‘ identified by ‘password‘ | +------------------+-----+-------------+-----------+-------------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+ 11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
通过linux命令行查看二进制日志事件记录信息(可以看到执行命令的时间)
[root@localhost ~]# mysqlbinlog --start-position=175 /mydata/data/mysql-bin.000005 /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=1*/; /*!40019 SET @@session.max_insert_delayed_threads=0*/; /*!50003 SET @OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE=@@COMPLETION_TYPE,COMPLETION_TYPE=0*/; DELIMITER /*!*/; # at 4 #150306 16:51:46 server id 1 end_log_pos 107 Start: binlog v 4, server v 5.5.35-log created 150306 16:51:46 # Warning: this binlog is either in use or was not closed properly. BINLOG ‘ omr5VA8BAAAAZwAAAGsAAAABAAQANS41LjM1LWxvZwAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA AAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAEzgNAAgAEgAEBAQEEgAAVAAEGggAAAAICAgCAA== ‘/*!*/; # at 175 #150306 16:55:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 286 Query thread_id=13 exec_time=0 error_code=0 use `mydb`/*!*/; SET TIMESTAMP=1425632101/*!*/; SET @@session.pseudo_thread_id=13/*!*/; SET @@session.foreign_key_checks=1, @@session.sql_auto_is_null=0, @@session.unique_checks=1, @@session.autocommit=1/*!*/; SET @@session.sql_mode=0/*!*/; SET @@session.auto_increment_increment=1, @@session.auto_increment_offset=1/*!*/; /*!\C utf8 *//*!*/; SET @@session.character_set_client=33,@@session.collation_connection=33,@@session.collation_server=33/*!*/; SET @@session.lc_time_names=0/*!*/; SET @@session.collation_database=DEFAULT/*!*/; insert into tutor values(10,‘huojianhua‘,‘M‘,32) /*!*/; # at 286 #150306 16:55:01 server id 1 end_log_pos 313 Xid = 60 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 313 #150306 17:05:23 server id 1 end_log_pos 381 Query thread_id=15 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1425632723/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 381 #150306 17:05:23 server id 1 end_log_pos 493 Query thread_id=15 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1425632723/*!*/; insert into tutor values(11,‘luozhixiang‘,‘M‘,35) /*!*/; # at 493 #150306 17:05:23 server id 1 end_log_pos 520 Xid = 69 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 520 #150306 17:06:03 server id 1 end_log_pos 588 Query thread_id=15 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1425632763/*!*/; BEGIN /*!*/; # at 588 #150306 17:06:03 server id 1 end_log_pos 681 Query thread_id=15 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1425632763/*!*/; delete from tutor where TID=10 /*!*/; # at 681 #150306 17:06:03 server id 1 end_log_pos 708 Xid = 71 COMMIT/*!*/; # at 708 #150306 17:07:25 server id 1 end_log_pos 873 Query thread_id=15 exec_time=0 error_code=0 SET TIMESTAMP=1425632845/*!*/; grant select on mydb.tutor to ‘zhengyansheng‘@‘192.168.10.15‘ identified by ‘password‘ /*!*/; DELIMITER ; # End of log file ROLLBACK /* added by mysqlbinlog */; /*!50003 SET COMPLETION_TYPE=@OLD_COMPLETION_TYPE*/; /*!50530 SET @@SESSION.PSEUDO_SLAVE_MODE=0*/;
总述：开启二进制日志后，所有对数据库进行的操作(引起数据库改变或将要引起数据库改变的)都会被记录到二进制日志文件当中，所以二进制日志是在MySQL数据库做及时点恢复的重要日志文件，应该每天做备份，如果空间允许的情况下，不建议删除任何二进制日志文件，可以将其保存到备份目录中，或许以后会用到。
备份策略：
星期天进行全备+每天进行二进制日志增量备份
Bash脚本：
#!/bin/bash
#Author:Allentuns
#backup mysql database
#soft:mysqldump
#
User=‘root‘
Datadir="/mydata/data"
Week=`date +%w`
Curtime=`date +%F`
Backupdir=‘/backup‘
. /etc/profile
function full_backup_myisam()
{
[ ! -d ‘$Backupdir/$Curtime‘ ] && mkdir -p $Backupdir/$Curtime
cd $Backupdir/$Curtime
#Start backup full mysql(engines:myisam)
#Delete binary log
binlog_rm=`tail -n 1 $Datadir/mysql-bin.index |sed ‘s@.\/@@‘`
mysql -u$User -p$Password -h $Host -e "purge binary logs to ‘$binlog_rm‘"
}
function full_backup_innodb()
{
[ ! -d ‘$Backupdir/$Curtime‘ ] && mkdir -p $Backupdir/$Curtime
cd $Backupdir/$Curtime
#Start backup full mysql(engines:myisam)
#Delete binary log
binlog_rm=`tail -n 1 $Datadir/mysql-bin.index |sed ‘s@.\/@@‘`
mysql -u$User -p$Password -h $Host -e "purge binary logs to ‘$binlog_rm‘"
}
function incre_backup()
{
[ ! -d ‘$Backupdir/$Curtime‘ ] && mkdir -p $Backupdir/$Curtime
cd $Backupdir/$Curtime
#Start cp binary log
mysqladmin -u$User -p$Password -h $Host flush-logs
binlog_cp=`head -n -1 $Datadir/mysql-bin.index |sed ‘s@.\/@@‘`
for i in $binlog_cp
do
cp -p $Datadir/$i ./
done
#Delete binary log
binlog_rm=`tail -n 1 $Datadir/mysql-bin.index |sed ‘s@.\/@@‘`
mysql -u$User -p$Password -h $Host -e "purge binary logs to ‘$binlog_rm‘"
}
if [[ $Week -eq 0 ]];then
full_backup_myisam
#full_backup_innodb
else
incre_backup
fi添加crond任务计划
[root@localhost script]# crontab -e 00 01 * * * /usr/local/script/mysqldump_full_backup.sh
本文出自 “郑彦生” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://467754239.blog.51cto.com/4878013/1617909
标签：mysqldump
原文地址：http://467754239.blog.51cto.com/4878013/1617909
